11 research outputs found

    Rhizosphere pH and phosphorus forms in an Oxisol cultivated with soybean, brachiaria grass, millet and sorghum

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    Plants have shown different responses to fertilization with rock phosphate, including responses through alteration of the attributes of rhizospheric soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil pH alterations and alterations in the contents of forms of phosphorus in the rhizosphere of soil fertilized with rock phosphate as a result of cultivation of species of plants. An experiment was developed under greenhouse conditions to evaluate alterations in the pH and in the forms of phosphorus in the rhizosphere of an Oxisol fertilized with rock phosphate and cultivated with four species. Treatments consisted of the cultivation of four species of soybean - Glycine max (L.) Merrill, brachiaria grass - Brachiaria brizantha Hochst Stapf, millet - Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Brown, and sorghum - Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench grown in PVC columns filled with soil and divided with a nylon screen (25 µm mesh) to impede root growth in part of the column. After 45 days of cultivation, the soil was divided into the layers of 0-1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-7, 7-9, and 9-14 mm from the rhizoplane and air dried to determine pH and P contents through Hedley fractionation. In the 1-2 and 2-3 mm layers, soybean cultivation caused an increase in pH when compared to the control treatment (without plants). In the other layers, there were no alterations in pH due to cultivation of plants. The cultivation of millet, brachiaria grass, and sorghum reduced the inorganic P content in the most labile forms only in the 0-1 mm layer from the rhizoplane

    Spray retention on coffee leaves associated with type and concentration of adjuvants

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    Agricultural spray adjuvants (ASA) are widely used in pesticide applications to enhance the performance of pesticides. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of ASA on static surface tension (SST) and foliar spray retention on coffee leaves. The SST of ASA at different concentrations was determined by the drop weight method. Spray retention on adaxial and abaxial coffee leaf surfaces was performed using a micro-sprayer at solution concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0% v v-1. The ASA assessed were: polyether-polymethylsiloxane-copolymer (PPC); Nonylphenol ethoxylate; nonyl polyethylene glycol ether; mineral oil; nonylphenoxy polyethoxy ethanol; carboxyl copolymer of styrene and butadiene; primary aliphatic oxyalkylated alcohol plus carboxyl copolymer of styrene and butadiene; and soyal phospholipids and propionic acid. All ASA reduced the SST of the aqueous solutions. PPC provided the best performance in decreasing SST, reaching values below 20 mN m-1 at a concentration of 0.05% v v-1. Spray retention on leaves was influenced by adjuvant type as well as concentration. A very strong positive correlation between SST and spray retention on coffee leaves was observed. Decreasing the SST of the solution provided a reduction of spray retention when spraying was performed until run-off point.Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESPAgroEfetivaUniversidade Estadual Paulista - UNES

    Influência da interação touro x rebanho na estimação da correlação entre efeitos genéticos direto e materno em bovinos da raça Nelore Influence of sire x herd interaction on the estimation of correlation between direct and maternal genetic effects in Nellore cattle

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    A interação touro x rebanho foi avaliada em uma população com 30.789 registros de animais da raça Nelore nascidos entre 1984 e 1994 em doze fazendas localizadas em três Estados do Sudeste e Centro-Oeste brasileiro, com um total de 48.495 animais no pedigree. As características consideradas foram os pesos ao nascer (PESNAS) e à desmama (PESDES) e o ganho de peso da desmama ao sobreano (GP345). O efeito da interação touro x rebanho foi considerado aleatório em modelos animais uni e bicaraterística, usando MTDFREML. Esse efeito foi importante para PESNAS (6% da variância fenotípica) e influenciou os componentes de variância e covariância e, conseqüentemente, os parâmetros genéticos. O efeito foi menor (cerca de 1% da variância fenotípica) para PESDES, mas alterou as estimativas dos componentes de variância e covariância. Para GP345, o efeito foi pequeno, embora significativo pelos verossimilhança. As correlações genéticas entre efeitos direto e materno são próximas de zero, ou até mesmo positivas, se a interação touro x rebanho for incluída no modelo, e sempre negativas se ela for omitida.<br>Sire x herd interactions were studied in 30,789 records of birth (BW) and weaning weight (WW) and weight gain from weaning to 18 months of age (G345) of Nellore cattle born from 1984 to 1994 in twelve farms located in three states of central and southeastern Brazil, with a total of 48.495 animals in pedigree. Sire x herd interaction was considered as a random effect in single trait and two traits animal models using MTDFREML. This effect was important for BW (6% of the phenotypic variance) and it both affected variance and covariance components and, consequently, genetic parameters. The effect was smaller for WW (around 1% of the phenotypic variance), but influenced the estimates of (co) variance components. For G345, Sire x Herd effect was small. Likelihood tests showed that this effect was significant for all traits. This study showed that genetic correlations between direct x maternal effects are close to zero or even positive if sire x herd interaction is fitted in the model, and always negative if it is not

    Fatores determinantes na variação dos preços dos produtos contratados por pregão eletrônico

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    A pesquisa buscou avaliar quais os fatores determinantes na variação dos preços dos produtos comprados através de pregão eletrônico. Para atingir os objetivos, testou-se a relação da variação dos preços com as variáveis: número de fornecedores, especificidade dos ativos, frequência das transações, quantidade, oportunismo dos agentes, tempo de existência e faturamento da empresa ganhadora e número de lances da disputa. Foram realizadas correlação de Pearson e regressão linear múltipla, com o intuito de explorar as relações entre as variáveis e construir um modelo para medir a variação dos preços. As variáveis número de fornecedores, especificidade dos ativos, quantidade e frequência das transações apresentaram um poder de explicação conjunta de 67,4% das variações dos preços. Assim, os órgãos públicos devem desenvolver ações que busquem maximizar o efeito destas variáveis com o objetivo de reduzir os preços pagos

    Soil attributes and efficiency of sulfentrazone on control of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) Atributos de solo e a eficiência do sulfentrazone no controle de tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.)

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    In the soil, herbicides are submitted to absorption, leaching and degradation by physical, chemical and biological processes or absorbed by plants. All these processes are dependent on soil class and weather conditions and affect the product efficiency on weed control. The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of soil attributes on sulfentrazone efficiency for controlling purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L. ). Soil samples from LVAd (Typic Haplustox), LVd, LVdf and LVef (Typic Haplustox and Typic Eutrustox), NVe (Rhodic Kandiustalf), and LVd (Typic Haplustox) were collected under two crop conditions aiming to have different clay, Fe oxides, and organic matter contents. The soil samples were submitted to granulometric, chemical and mineralogical characterization. A bioassay was used to evaluate the efficacy of sulfentrazone (1.6 L c.p. ha-1) to control purple nutsedge on pre-emergence. The sulfentrazone behaved differently among the studied soil classes. The product efficiency decreased when the soil Fe oxide content increased, following the order: LVAd, LVd, NVe, LVef and LVdf. Clay content, ranging from 240 to 640 g kg-1, and organic matter content, ranging from 12 to 78 g kg-1, did not influence sulfentrazone efficiency.<br>Herbicidas aplicados ao solo são submetidos à adsorção, lixiviação e degradação por processos físicos, químicos e biológicos, além da absorção pelas plantas. Todos esses processos são afetados pela classe dos solos onde foram aplicados e das condições climáticas reinantes logo após a aplicação, que afetarão a eficiência dos produtos no controle de plantas daninhas. Investigaram-se as influências dos atributos de solos e condições de cultivo na eficiência do herbicida sulfentrazone no controle da planta daninha tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.). O Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo Distrófico (LVAd), o Latossolo Vermelho (LVd - Distrófico; LVdf - Distroférrico; LVef - Eutroférrico) e o Nitossolo Vermelho Eutrófico (NVe) foram coletados sob duas condições de cultivo, visando obter solos com teores diferenciados de argila, óxido de ferro e matéria orgânica. As amostras dos solos foram submetidas à caracterização granulométrica, química e mineralógica e, em seguida, utilizadas no bioensaio de avaliação da eficiência do sulfentrazone (1,6 L p.c. ha-1) no controle da tiririca em condições de pré-emergência. O sulfentrazone apresentou comportamento diferenciado entre as classes de solos estudados e a sua eficiência diminuiu com o aumento do teor de óxido de ferro nos solos, na seguinte ordem: LVAd, LVd, NVe, LVef e LVdf, sendo que as variações nos teores de argila (240 a 640 g kg-1) e da matéria orgânica (12 a 78 g kg-1) dos solos não interferiram na eficiência do sulfentrazone
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