Avaliação clínica da influência da iluminação na seleção visual da cor

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em OdontologiaObjetivo: O propósito deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da iluminação na seleção visual da cor. Metodologia: Sessenta alunos do curso de Graduação em Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, com uma idade média de 23 anos, selecionaram pelo método visual, a cor do incisivo central superior direito de uma paciente, utilizando duas escalas de cor VITA Classical (VC) e VITA Linearguide 3D Master (V3D) (VITA Zahnfabrik, Alemanha), com e sem o auxilio de uma fonte de iluminação padrão de 6.500K. Resultados: Para controle, a cor foi obtida por seleção instrumental com espectrofotômetro. Na análise estatística, foi aplicado o Teste de proporções entre os grupos testados, Grupo 1 com luz ambiente e Grupo 2 com iluminação padronizada, sendo que as diferenças estatísticas foram observadas diferenças estatísticas entre VC (luz ambiente) (3,3%) e V3D (luz ambiente) (6,6%) (p= 0,5536); VC (luz padronizada D65) (50%) e V3D (luz padronizada D65) (63,3%) (p= 0,2974); VC (luz ambiente) (3,3%) e VC (luz padronizada D65) (50%) (p<0.0001); V3D (luz ambiente) (6,6%) e V3D (luz padronizada D65) (63,3%) (p<0.0001). Mediante o teste Mann-Whitney, foram comparados os escores de acertos dos dois grupos, para as seleções visuais com e sem iluminação padronizada. Conclusão: Independente da escala de cor, a utilização de uma fonte de iluminação padronizada de 6.500K aumenta a probabilidade de acerto na seleção da cor na clínica odontológica.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of illumination on the visual shade selection of tooth color. Methods: Sixty undergraduate students of the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina school of dentistry, with a mean age of 23 years, selected by the visual method, the color of a maxillary right central incisor of one patient, using two types of shade guides, VITA Classical (VC) and VITA Linearguide 3D-Master (V3D) (VITA Zahnfabrik, Germany) with and without the use of a standard artificial daylight source 6500K. Results: The results were compared with prior spectrophotometric data. Statistical analysis was applied to test of proportions between the groups, and statistical differences were found between: VC (ambient light) (3,3%) and V3D (ambient light) (6,6%) (p= 0,5536); VC (standard daylight D65) (50%) and V3D (standard daylight D65) (63,3%) (p= 0,2974); VC (ambient light) (3,3%) and VC (standard daylight D65) (50%) (p<0.0001); V3D (ambient light) (6,6%) and V3D (standard daylight D65) (63,3%) (p<0.0001); By the Mann-Whitney test, were compared the scores of correct answers of the two groups for the visual shade selections with and without the use of the standard illuminant D65. Conclusions: Regardless of the shade guide, the use of a standardized light source 6.500K increases the probability of correct color selection in the dental clinic

Parkinsonian motor impairment predicts personality domains related to genetic risk and treatment outcomes in schizophrenia

Identifying endophenotypes of schizophrenia is of critical importance and has profound implications on clinical practice. Here we propose an innovative approach to clarify the mechanims through which temperament and character deviance relates to risk for schizophrenia and predict long-term treatment outcomes. We recruited 61 antipsychotic naïve subjects with chronic schizophrenia, 99 unaffected relatives, and 68 healthy controls from rural communities in the Central Andes. Diagnosis was ascertained with the Schedules of Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry; parkinsonian motor impairment was measured with the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; mesencephalic parenchyma was evaluated with transcranial ultrasound; and personality traits were assessed using the Temperament and Character Inventory. Ten-year outcome data was available for ~40% of the index cases. Patients with schizophrenia had higher harm avoidance and self-transcendence (ST), and lower reward dependence (RD), cooperativeness (CO), and self-directedness (SD). Unaffected relatives had higher ST and lower CO and SD. Parkinsonism reliably predicted RD, CO, and SD after correcting for age and sex. The average duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) was over 5 years. Further, SD was anticorrelated with DUP and antipsychotic dosing at follow-up. Baseline DUP was related to antipsychotic dose-years. Further, ‘explosive/borderline’, ‘methodical/obsessive’, and ‘disorganized/schizotypal’ personality profiles were associated with increased risk of schizophrenia. Parkinsonism predicts core personality features and treatment outcomes in schizophrenia. Our study suggests that RD, CO, and SD are endophenotypes of the disease that may, in part, be mediated by dopaminergic function. Further, SD is an important determinant of treatment course and outcome

Entrevista: “¿Qué opinan los expertos? Formatos y palabras: crear, leer, transmitir”

Ilustración: "Blá, blá, blá"En esta primera sección de entrevistas hemos contado con la colaboración invitada de diversos expertos en materias literarias ofreciendo su opinión acerca de cuestiones relacionadas con el tema monográfico propuesto en la convocatoria, Formatos y palabras: crear, leer, transmitir. De este modo, personalidades pertenecientes al área universitaria como Pedro Ruiz Pérez, Domingo Sánchez-Mesa, Ignacio García y Manuel I. Capel Tuñón, junto con los editores Igor Pagani (Mondadori) y Luis Escobar (María Muratore Ediciones), el crítico literario Vicente Luis Mora y el empresario Juan González (Grammata-Papyre) reflexionan sobre la relación existente entre el soporte (físico o digital) y su influencia en la creación literaria. Al mismo tiempo, se presta atención a factores económicos y de distribución, preguntándonos si la llegada del libro digital supondrá una democratización de la literatura, al ser capaz de alcanzar una mayor difusión; por último, creemos necesario reflexionar acerca del concepto “libro”, en términos de si es posible su aplicación independientemente del soporte en que se presente el contenido o si, por el contrario, se ciñe estrictamente al texto presentado en papel

FREEZING OF DONKEY SEMEN (EQUUS ASINUS)

Por muchas décadas, el desarrollo y utilización de la inseminación artificial en loséquidos, especialmente con semen congelado, estuvo restringido, principalmente, porimposiciones de las asociaciones de criadores. Recientemente, las legislaciones de criadoresde équidos en varios países se han tornado más flexibles, permitiendo el registro deproductos oriundos de semen congelado. En el Brasil, frente a ese nuevo cambio, laprincipal asociación de criadores de burros (Associação Brasileira de Criadores de JumentoPêga) revisó sus conceptos y comenzó a permitir la utilización de esta biotecnología.Asimismo, en muchos países, el mayor interés en el asno o burro como semental estárelacionado a la producción de mulares, pues estos animales son deseables en el mediorural, debido a que reúnen las mejores características del burro y del caballo. Los primerostrabajos en congelamiento de semen de asnos utilizaron dilutores a base de yema dehuevo y glicerol, y ampolletas de vidrio como sistema de envase, basados en la metodologíade congelamiento de toros. Sin embargo, pese al tiempo transcurrido, pocas investigacioneshan sido dirigidas a esta especie, en especial a biotecnologías del semen. Enesta revisión de literatura se discuten las principales técnicas de congelamiento de semende équidos y se describen estudios referentes al congelamiento de semen de laespecie asnal.For decades, the development and use of the artificial insemination in the equine, especially with frozen semen, was restricted due to impositions of equine breeders associations that opposed the use of the technique. Recently, these legislations have become more flexible in several countries, allowing the registration of products originating from frozen semen. In Brazil, based on these changes, the main donkey breed association (Brazilian Breeders Association of the Pêga Donkeys) revised their concepts and started to allow the use of this biotechnology. The current interest in many countries for the donkey sire is the production of mules, because their acceptability as these animals inherits suitable characteristics of both donkeys and horses. The first reports on donkey frozen semen used extenders based on egg yolk and glycerol, packed in glass ampoules, and followed the existing methodology for freezing bull semen. However, despite of the elapsed time, few research works have been carried out on this species, especially on semen. This literature review discussed the main techniques of freezing equine semen and describes studies on freezing of sperm of asinine species

The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment: Exploring Fundamental Symmetries of the Universe

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early Universe, the dynamics of the supernova bursts that produced the heavy elements necessary for life and whether protons eventually decay --- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our Universe, its current state and its eventual fate. The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) represents an extensively developed plan for a world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions. LBNE is conceived around three central components: (1) a new, high-intensity neutrino source generated from a megawatt-class proton accelerator at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, (2) a near neutrino detector just downstream of the source, and (3) a massive liquid argon time-projection chamber deployed as a far detector deep underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility. This facility, located at the site of the former Homestake Mine in Lead, South Dakota, is approximately 1,300 km from the neutrino source at Fermilab -- a distance (baseline) that delivers optimal sensitivity to neutrino charge-parity symmetry violation and mass ordering effects. This ambitious yet cost-effective design incorporates scalability and flexibility and can accommodate a variety of upgrades and contributions. With its exceptional combination of experimental configuration, technical capabilities, and potential for transformative discoveries, LBNE promises to be a vital facility for the field of particle physics worldwide, providing physicists from around the globe with opportunities to collaborate in a twenty to thirty year program of exciting science. In this document we provide a comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will possess.Comment: Major update of previous version. This is the reference document for LBNE science program and current status. Chapters 1, 3, and 9 provide a comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will possess. 288 pages, 116 figure

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file