Prevalência de insatisfação corporal em praticantes de atividade física

Introduction: The practice of physical exercise has been used by individuals dissatisfied with their body image, for gain or loss of weight. However, a negative body image may, paradoxically, reduce the motivation to practice physical activities or increase engagement in exercise programs. Objective: This article aims to carry out a literature search about the prevalence of body dissatisfaction among physical activity practitioners. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review. To search for and select the studies, the following databases were used: Scielo and Ebscohost and the Google academic search engine, allowing the selection of 9 articles, which were published between 2017 and 2019, articles published in Portuguese and English. Results and discussion: In all studies analyzed it was possible to verify that there is a great dissatisfaction with the body image among physical activity practitioners, a fact that can be due to the high social collection of friends, family and the strong influence of the media in the search and idealization of the perfect stipulated body. Conclusion: It is necessary to carry out more studies, which approach the subject, in order to understand the self perception of body image among physical activity practitioners, body dissatisfaction can cause future problems due to this search for an ideal body.Introdução: A prática de exercício físico tem sido utilizada por indivíduos insatisfeitos com sua imagem corporal, para ganho ou perda de peso. Contudo, uma imagem corporal negativa pode, paradoxalmente, reduzir a motivação para a prática de atividades físicas ou aumentar o engajamento em programas de exercícios. Objetivo:  O presente artigo tem por finalidade realizar uma busca bibliográfica sobre a prevalência de insatisfação corporal entre praticantes de atividade física. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura do tipo integrativa. Para busca e seleção dos estudos utilizou-se as bases de dados: Scielo e Ebscohost e o buscador Google acadêmico, permitindo a seleção de 9 artigos, os quais foram publicados entre os anos de 2017 a 2019, pesquisou-se artigos publicados em português e inglês. Resultados e discussão: Em todos os estudos analisados foi possível verificar que há grande insatisfação com a imagem corporal, entre os praticantes de atividade física, fato este, que pode ser decorrente da elevada cobrança social de amigos, familiares e a forte influência da mídia pela busca e idealização do corpo estipulado perfeito. Conclusão: É necessário a realização de mais estudos, que abordem a temática, no intuito de compreender a auto percepção da imagem corporal entre praticantes de atividade física, a insatisfação corporal pode provocar problemas futuros, devido a essa busca por um corpo ideal

Consumo de antioxidantes por praticantes de atividade física

Introduction. The practice of physical exercises promotes beneficial effects to human health, but when physiological limits are not respected, can cause damage to the body, such as cause increase of production of free radicals. The term antioxidant refers to chemical compounds that reduce the oxidative effects of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids caused by free radicals. Antioxidants have the ability to react with these radicals reducing their harmful effects. Objective: To carry out a bibliographic search on the consumption of antioxidants by physical activity practitioners. Materials and methods: This is an integrative literature review. To search and select the studies, the databases Ebscohost and Scielo and the Google academic search engine totaling 8 articles were published between the years 2015 and 2019. Results and discussion: In all studies analyzed, it was verified that there was inadequacy of the consumption of antioxidant foods by practitioners of various types of physical activity, aerobic and anaerobic, among the vitamins and minerals studied, a predominance of low consumption especially of Vitamins A and C was observed. Conclusion: In the present research it was observed that physical activity practitioners, present inadequate antioxidant intake, it is necessary the adequate intake of these compounds due to the physical stress of the injuries resulting from the practice of sports.Introdução. A prática de exercícios físicos promove efeitos benéficos à saúde humana, porém, quando os limites fisiológicos não são respeitados, pode provocar danos ao organismo, como por exemplo, causar o aumento da produção de radicais livres. O termo antioxidante refere-se a compostos químicos que reduzem os efeitos oxidativos de lipídios, proteínas e ácidos nucleicos causados pelos radicais livres.  Os antioxidantes apresentam capacidade de reagir com estes radicais diminuindo seus efeitos nocivos. Objetivo: Realizar uma busca bibliográfica sobre o consumo de antioxidantes por praticantes de atividade física. Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura do tipo integrativa. Para busca e seleção dos estudos utilizou-se as bases de dados: Ebscohost e Scielo e o buscador Google acadêmico totalizando 8 artigos, publicados entre os anos de 2015 a 2019. Resultados e discussão: Em todos os estudos analisados, verificou-se que houve inadequação do consumo de alimentos antioxidantes por praticantes de diversos tipos de atividade física, aeróbias e anaeróbias, entre as vitaminas e minerais estudados, observou-se um predomínio de baixo consumo especialmente das Vitaminas A e C. Conclusão: Na presente pesquisa observou-se que os praticantes de atividade física, apresentam consumo inadequado de antioxidantes, é necessário a ingestão adequada  desses compostos devido ao stress físico das lesões decorrentes da prática desportiva

Acute kidney disease and renal recovery : consensus report of the Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) 16 Workgroup

Consensus definitions have been reached for both acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) and these definitions are now routinely used in research and clinical practice. The KDIGO guideline defines AKI as an abrupt decrease in kidney function occurring over 7 days or less, whereas CKD is defined by the persistence of kidney disease for a period of > 90 days. AKI and CKD are increasingly recognized as related entities and in some instances probably represent a continuum of the disease process. For patients in whom pathophysiologic processes are ongoing, the term acute kidney disease (AKD) has been proposed to define the course of disease after AKI; however, definitions of AKD and strategies for the management of patients with AKD are not currently available. In this consensus statement, the Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) proposes definitions, staging criteria for AKD, and strategies for the management of affected patients. We also make recommendations for areas of future research, which aim to improve understanding of the underlying processes and improve outcomes for patients with AKD

Parathyroid Hormone versus Bisphosphonate Treatment on Bone Mineral Density in Osteoporosis Therapy: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

BACKGROUND: Bisphosphonates and parathyroid hormone (PTH) represent the antiresorptive and anabolic classes of drugs for osteoporosis treatment. Bone mineral density (BMD) is an essential parameter for the evaluation of anti-osteoporotic drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of PTH versus bisphosphonates on BMD for the treatment of osteoporosis. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We performed a literature search to identify studies that investigated the effects of PTH versus bisphosphonates treatment on BMD. A total of 7 articles were included in this study, representing data on 944 subjects. The pooled data showed that the percent change of increased BMD in the spine is higher with PTH compared to bisphosphonates (WMD = 5.90, 95% CI: 3.69-8.10, p<0.01,). In the hip, high dose (40 µg) PTH (1-34) showed significantly higher increments of BMD compared to alendronate (femoral neck: WMD = 5.67, 95% CI: 3.47-7.87, p<0.01; total hip: WMD = 2.40, 95%CI: 0.49-4.31, p<0.05). PTH treatment has yielded significantly higher increments than bisphosphonates with a duration of over 12 months (femoral neck: WMD = 5.67, 95% CI: 3.47-7.86, p<0.01; total hip: WMD = 2.40, 95% CI: 0.49-4.31, P<0.05) and significantly lower increments at 12 months (femoral neck: WMD = -1.05, 95% CI: -2.26-0.16, p<0.01; total hip: WMD: -1.69, 95% CI: -3.05-0.34, p<0.05). In the distal radius, a reduction in BMD was significant between PTH and alendronate treatment. (WMD = -3.68, 95% CI: -5.57-1.79, p<0.01). DISCUSSION: Our results demonstrated that PTH significantly increased lumbar spine BMD as compared to treatment with bisphosphonates and PTH treatment induced duration- and dose-dependent increases in hip BMD as compared to bisphosphonates treatment. This study has also disclosed that for the distal radius, BMD was significantly lower from PTH treatment than alendronate treatment

Effectiveness of the Brazilian Visceral Leishmaniasis Surveillance and Control Programme in reducing the prevalence and incidence of Leishmania infantum infection.

Background Control strategies adopted by the Brazilian Visceral Leishmaniasis Surveillance and Control Programme (VLSCP) include identifying and culling seropositive infected dogs, early diagnosis and treatment of human cases, chemical control of the vector and population awareness. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the VLSCP on the prevalence and incidence rates of Leishmania infantum in children residing in areas under different VLSCP intervention times. Methods A quasi-experimental epidemiological study with a panel (two cross-sectional) and a concurrent cohort was performed in three areas of Belo Horizonte, southeast Brazil. The first cross-sectional study (I) was carried out with 1875 children, 478 of which were enrolled in the cohort study. In the second cross-sectional study (II), 413 additional children were included, totalizing 891 children. Laboratory diagnosis was performed by ELISA-rK39. Analyses included multilevel logistic and Poisson regression models. Results The incidence rates of L. infantum infection were: 14.4% in the area where VLSCP intervention was initiated in 2006 (AI2006); 21.1% in the area where intervention was initiated in 2008 (AI2008); and 11.6% in the area where intervention was initiated in 2010 (AI2010 - control area). A follow-up period of 24 months showed that the persons-time incidence rates in AI2006, AI2008, and AI2010 were: 6.2/100, 10/100, and 5.6/100 persons/24 months, respectively. The final prevalence rates of infection (cross-sectional II - in 2012), compared to the initial rates (cross-sectional I - in 2010), increased 83.7% in AI2006, 74.1% in AI2008, and decreased 5% in AI2010. Analysis of the effectiveness revealed that children residing in AI2008 are more likely to be infected (OR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.06-3.23) and present a higher risk of infection (IRR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.05-2.95) compared to those in AI2010. No statistically significant differences were observed in asymptomatic infection (OR and IRR) in AI2006 compared to AI2010. Conclusions The VLSCP was not effective at controlling L. infantum infection in areas where interventions had respectively been carried out for six and four years. However, it is unclear what the consequences in terms of human infection and diseases would be in the absence of the VLSCP. Efforts to improve the effectiveness of control measures remain a necessary priority

A Draft of the Human Septin Interactome

Background: Septins belong to the GTPase superclass of proteins and have been functionally implicated in cytokinesis and the maintenance of cellular morphology. They are found in all eukaryotes, except in plants. In mammals, 14 septins have been described that can be divided into four groups. It has been shown that mammalian septins can engage in homo- and heterooligomeric assemblies, in the form of filaments, which have as a basic unit a hetero-trimeric core. In addition, it has been speculated that the septin filaments may serve as scaffolds for the recruitment of additional proteins. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here, we performed yeast two-hybrid screens with human septins 1-10, which include representatives of all four septin groups. Among the interactors detected, we found predominantly other septins, confirming the tendency of septins to engage in the formation of homo- and heteropolymeric filaments. Conclusions/Significance: If we take as reference the reported arrangement of the septins 2, 6 and 7 within the heterofilament, (7-6-2-2-6-7), we note that the majority of the observed interactions respect the ""group rule"", i.e. members of the same group (e. g. 6, 8, 10 and 11) can replace each other in the specific position along the heterofilament. Septins of the SEPT6 group preferentially interacted with septins of the SEPT2 group (p<0.001), SEPT3 group (p<0.001) and SEPT7 group (p<0.001). SEPT2 type septins preferentially interacted with septins of the SEPT6 group (p<0.001) aside from being the only septin group which interacted with members of its own group. Finally, septins of the SEPT3 group interacted preferentially with septins of the SEPT7 group (p<0.001). Furthermore, we found non-septin interactors which can be functionally attributed to a variety of different cellular activities, including: ubiquitin/sumoylation cycles, microtubular transport and motor activities, cell division and the cell cycle, cell motility, protein phosphorylation/signaling, endocytosis, and apoptosis.Fundao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado Sao Paulo (Fapesp)CAPES: Coordenao de Aperfeioamento de Pessoal de Navel SuperiorConselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (CNPq)Laboratorio Nacional de Biociencias-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materais (LNBio-CNPEM