O uso de chatbot aplicado ? t?cnica de leitura protocolada

Chatbot ? uma ferramenta computacional que possui a capacidade de simular um di?logo com uma pessoa em linguagem natural. Essa capacidade o torna ideal para a aplica??o da t?cnica de leitura protocolada, que consiste na realiza??o de perguntas sobre um texto para avaliar a compreens?o do que foi lido e estimular o leitor a produzir infer?ncias e a fazer previs?es sobre o que poder? vir em seguida. Essa pr?tica ? uma atividade cognitiva, que estimula o indiv?duo a se tornar mais qualificado a construir de forma aut?noma, independente e cont?nua o seu pr?prio conhecimento. Como essa t?cnica ? conduzida de forma presencial por um professor, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa ? aplicar a t?cnica de leitura protocolada em um texto atrav?s de um chatbot. Pretende-se investigar a possibilidade de uso dessa ferramenta na pr?tica da leitura protocolada, identificando as principais vantagens e desvantagens e de que forma poder? contribuir para o processo de constru??o do conhecimento do texto. O chatbot proposto neste trabalho, intitulado Professora Vit?ria, foi programado para aplicar a t?cnica de Leitura Protocolada no texto ?A Armadilha?, de Murilo Rubi?o. Professora Vit?ria foi desenvolvida utilizando AIML (Artificial Intelligence Markup Language), que ? uma linguagem de marca??o pr?pria para constru??o de di?logos em chatbot. O texto supracitado foi dividido em 9 trechos menores e em cada um deles est?o atribu?das algumas perguntas estrat?gicas para provocar a curiosidade do leitor. As perguntas foram divididas e alocadas conforme a necessidade de cada trecho do texto. A pesquisa demonstrou que o agente conversacional cumpriu seu papel em rela??o ao di?logo sobre o texto proposto e contribuiu de fato para o entendimento. No entanto, s?o necess?rias algumas melhorias no intuito de otimizar a capacidade de di?logo e consequentemente a efic?cia da t?cnica. Assim sendo, busca-se com este trabalho instigar discuss?es e pesquisas sobre o uso de chatbots aplicados ? educa??o e no ensino das estrat?gias de leitura.Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Educa??o, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2020.Chatbot is a computational tool that has the ability to simulate a dialogue with a person in natural language. This ability makes it ideal for applying the protocolized reading technique, which consists of asking questions about a text to assess the understanding of what has been read and to encourage the reader to make inferences and to make predictions about what may come next. This practice is a cognitive activity, which encourages the individual to become more qualified to build autonomously, independently and continuously their own knowledge. As this technique is conducted in person by a teacher, the general objective of this research is to apply the reading technique registered in a text through a chatbot. It is intended to investigate the possibility of using this tool in the practice of protocol reading, identifying the main advantages and disadvantages and how it can contribute to the process of building text knowledge. The chatbot proposed in this work, entitled Professor Vit?ria, was programmed to apply the Protocoled Reading technique in the text ?A Armadilha?, by Murilo Rubi?o. Professor Vit?ria was developed using AIML (Artificial Intelligence Markup Language), which is its own markup language for building dialogues in chatbot. The aforementioned text was divided into 9 smaller sections and in each of them some strategic questions are attributed to provoke the reader?s curiosity. The questions were divided and allocated according to the need for each part of the text. The research demonstrated that the conversational agent fulfilled its role in relation to the dialogue about the proposed text and contributed in fact to the understanding. However, some improvements are necessary in order to improve the capacity for dialogue and consequently the effectiveness of the technique. Therefore, this work seeks to instigate discussions and research on the use of chatbots applied to education and the teaching of reading strategies

Precipitation regime change in Western North America: The role of Atmospheric Rivers.

Daily precipitation in California has been projected to become less frequent even as precipitation extremes intensify, leading to uncertainty in the overall response to climate warming. Precipitation extremes are historically associated with Atmospheric Rivers (ARs). Sixteen global climate models are evaluated for realism in modeled historical AR behavior and contribution of the resulting daily precipitation to annual total precipitation over Western North America. The five most realistic models display consistent changes in future AR behavior, constraining the spread of the full ensemble. They, moreover, project increasing year-to-year variability of total annual precipitation, particularly over California, where change in total annual precipitation is not projected with confidence. Focusing on three representative river basins along the West Coast, we show that, while the decrease in precipitation frequency is mostly due to non-AR events, the increase in heavy and extreme precipitation is almost entirely due to ARs. This research demonstrates that examining meteorological causes of precipitation regime change can lead to better and more nuanced understanding of climate projections. It highlights the critical role of future changes in ARs to Western water resources, especially over California

Green, Adam. Selling the Race: Culture, Community and Black Chicago, 1940–1955. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. 280 pp.

Agreement is developing among agricultural scientists on the emerging inability of agriculture to meet growing global food demands. Changes in trends of weather conditions projected by global climate models will challenge physiological limits of crops and exacerbate the global food challenge by 2050. These climate- and constraint-driven crop production challenges are interconnected within a complex global economy, where diverse factors add to price volatility and food scarcity. Our scenarios of the impact of climate change on food security through 2050 for internationally traded crops show that climate change does not threaten near-term US food security due to the availability of adaptation strategies. However, as climate continues to change beyond 2050 current adaptation measures will not be sufficient to meet growing food demand. Climate scenarios for higher-level carbon emissions exacerbate the food shortfall, although uncertainty in projections of future precipitation is a limitation to impact studies

N=2 Conformal Superspace in Four Dimensions

We develop the geometry of four dimensional N=2 superspace where the entire conformal algebra of SU(2,2|2) is realized linearly in the structure group rather than just the SL(2,C) x U(2)_R subgroup of Lorentz and R-symmetries, extending to N=2 our prior result for N=1 superspace. This formulation explicitly lifts to superspace the existing methods of the N=2 superconformal tensor calculus; at the same time the geometry, when degauged to SL(2,C) x U(2)_R, reproduces the existing formulation of N=2 conformal supergravity constructed by Howe.Comment: 43 pages; v2 references added, acknowledgments update

Monochorionic-triamniotic triplet pregnancy after intracytoplasmic sperm injection, assisted hatching, and two-embryo transfer: first reported case following IVF

BACKGROUND: We present a case of monochorionic-triamniotic pregnancy that developed after embryo transfer following in vitro fertilization (IVF). METHODS: After controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and transvaginal retrieval of 22 metaphase II oocytes, fertilization was accomplished with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Assisted embryo hatching was performed, and two embryos were transferred in utero. One non-transferred blastocyst was cryopreserved. RESULTS: Fourteen days post-transfer, serum hCG level was 423 mIU/ml and subsequent transvaginal ultrasound revealed a single intrauterine gestational sac with three separate amnion compartments. Three distinct foci of cardiac motion were detected and the diagnosis was revised to monochorionic-triamniotic triplet pregnancy. Antenatal management included cerclage placement at 19 weeks gestation and hospital admission at 28 weeks gestation due to mild preeclampsia. Three viable female infants were delivered via cesarean at 30 5/7 weeks gestation. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of triplet delivery in humans is approximately 1:6400, and such pregnancies are classified as high-risk for reasons described in this report. We also outline an obstetric management strategy designed to optimize outcomes. The roles of IVF, ICSI, assisted embryo hatching and associated laboratory culture conditions on the subsequent development of monozygotic/monochorionic pregnancy remain controversial. As demonstrated here, even when two-embryo transfer is employed after IVF the statistical probability of monozygotic multiple gestation cannot be reduced to zero. We encourage discussion of this possibility during informed consent for the advanced reproductive technologies

Socially sensitive lactation: Exploring the social context of breastfeeding

Many women report difficulties with breastfeeding and do not maintain the practice for as long as intended. Although psychologists and other researchers have explored some of the difficulties they experience, fuller exploration of the relational contexts in which breastfeeding takes place is warranted to enable more in-depth analysis of the challenges these pose for breastfeeding women. The present paper is based on qualitative data collected from 22 first-time breastfeeding mothers through two phases of interviews and audio-diaries which explored how the participants experienced their relationships with significant others and the wider social context of breastfeeding in the first five weeks postpartum. Using a thematic analysis informed by symbolic interactionism, we develop the overarching theme of ‘Practising socially sensitive lactation’ which captures how participants felt the need to manage tensions between breastfeeding and their perceptions of the needs, expectations and comfort of others. We argue that breastfeeding remains a problematic social act, despite its agreed importance for child health. Whilst acknowledging the limitations of our sample and analytic approach, we suggest ways in which perinatal and public health interventions can take more effective account of the social challenges of breastfeeding in order to facilitate the health and psychological well-being of mothers and their infants

Latent cluster analysis of ALS phenotypes identifies prognostically differing groups

BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative disease predominantly affecting motor neurons and manifesting as several different phenotypes. Whether these phenotypes correspond to different underlying disease processes is unknown. We used latent cluster analysis to identify groupings of clinical variables in an objective and unbiased way to improve phenotyping for clinical and research purposes. METHODS Latent class cluster analysis was applied to a large database consisting of 1467 records of people with ALS, using discrete variables which can be readily determined at the first clinic appointment. The model was tested for clinical relevance by survival analysis of the phenotypic groupings using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS The best model generated five distinct phenotypic classes that strongly predicted survival (p<0.0001). Eight variables were used for the latent class analysis, but a good estimate of the classification could be obtained using just two variables: site of first symptoms (bulbar or limb) and time from symptom onset to diagnosis (p<0.00001). CONCLUSION The five phenotypic classes identified using latent cluster analysis can predict prognosis. They could be used to stratify patients recruited into clinical trials and generating more homogeneous disease groups for genetic, proteomic and risk factor research

Choice of activity-intensity classification thresholds impacts upon accelerometer-assessed physical activity-health relationships in children

It is unknown whether using different published thresholds (PTs) for classifying physical activity (PA) impacts upon activity-health relationships. This study explored whether relationships between PA (sedentary [SED], light PA [LPA], moderate PA [MPA], moderate-to-vigorous PA, vigorous PA [VPA]) and health markers differed in children when classified using three different PTs

Vitamin D and subsequent all-age and premature mortality: a systematic review

&lt;br&gt;Background: All-cause mortality in the population &#60; 65 years is 30% higher in Glasgow than in equally deprived Liverpool and Manchester. We investigated a hypothesis that low vitamin D in this population may be associated with premature mortality via a systematic review and meta-analysis.&lt;/br&gt; &lt;br&gt;Methods: Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and grey literature sources were searched until February 2012 for relevant studies. Summary statistics were combined in an age-stratified meta-analysis.&lt;/br&gt; &lt;br&gt;Results: Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis, representing 24,297 participants, 5,324 of whom died during follow-up. The pooled hazard ratio for low compared to high vitamin D demonstrated a significant inverse association (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.12-1.27) between vitamin D levels and all-cause mortality after adjustment for available confounders. In an age-stratified meta-analysis, the hazard ratio for older participants was 1.25 (95% CI 1.14-1.36) and for younger participants 1.12 (95% CI 1.01-1.24).&lt;/br&gt; &lt;br&gt;Conclusions: Low vitamin D status is inversely associated with all-cause mortality but the risk is higher amongst older individuals and the relationship is prone to residual confounding. Further studies investigating the association between vitamin D deficiency and all-cause mortality in younger adults with adjustment for all important confounders (or using randomised trials of supplementation) are required to clarify this relationship.&lt;/br&gt