Access courses as a site of engagement: a research project

This research project was funded by the Greater Manchester Strategic Alliance and Aimhigher Research Network North West. A database of Access students was held at the University of Salford that included students from 1998-2006. The names of the students were gathered by the Access Unit from their Enrichment Programme over the period. Ethical approval for the research was sought from the IRIS Director and advice on the Data Protection Act sought from the manager responsible within the university. The database contained information on name, age, address, telephone contact, gender, ethnicity, college and Access course attended. There were approximately 6000 entries on the database. “Access to higher education courses offer a route into higher education (HE) for those who do not have the educational qualifications which are usually required for entry. These courses provide the underpinning knowledge and skills needed for university-level study, and lead to the award of the Access to HE qualification, which is of an equivalent standard to Level 3 qualifications, such as A levels.” UCAS website. Individuals can study a range of courses in different subject areas such as health, science or humanities. Access courses can be studied over one year as a full time course or over two-three years as a part time course. The starting point for the study is the view that to enrol on an Access to HE course means that a major decision or turning point in an adult’s life has taken place and that the individual wants to change direction. This change of direction is important and suggests that individuals may have missed an opportunity earlier in their lives or do not wish to continue in the same employment situation or in the case of many women who are carers their circumstances have changed. The engagement in learning is an agentic act on the part of the individual that may be prompted by others in the immediate family or friends. However, a necessary aspect of this engagement is the provision of Access courses as a means to enter higher education or change employment

Nucleosome DNA sequence structure of isochores

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Significant differences in G+C content between different isochore types suggest that the nucleosome positioning patterns in DNA of the isochores should be different as well.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Extraction of the patterns from the isochore DNA sequences by Shannon N-gram extension reveals that while the general motif YRRRRRYYYYYR is characteristic for all isochore types, the dominant positioning patterns of the isochores vary between TAAAAATTTTTA and CGGGGGCCCCCG due to the large differences in G+C composition. This is observed in human, mouse and chicken isochores, demonstrating that the variations of the positioning patterns are largely G+C dependent rather than species-specific. The species-specificity of nucleosome positioning patterns is revealed by dinucleotide periodicity analyses in isochore sequences. While human sequences are showing CG periodicity, chicken isochores display AG (CT) periodicity. Mouse isochores show very weak CG periodicity only.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Nucleosome positioning pattern as revealed by Shannon N-gram extension is strongly dependent on G+C content and different in different isochores. Species-specificity of the pattern is subtle. It is reflected in the choice of preferentially periodical dinucleotides.</p

Theoretical Models of Sunspot Structure and Dynamics

Recent progress in theoretical modeling of a sunspot is reviewed. The observed properties of umbral dots are well reproduced by realistic simulations of magnetoconvection in a vertical, monolithic magnetic field. To understand the penumbra, it is useful to distinguish between the inner penumbra, dominated by bright filaments containing slender dark cores, and the outer penumbra, made up of dark and bright filaments of comparable width with corresponding magnetic fields differing in inclination by some 30 degrees and strong Evershed flows in the dark filaments along nearly horizontal or downward-plunging magnetic fields. The role of magnetic flux pumping in submerging magnetic flux in the outer penumbra is examined through numerical experiments, and different geometric models of the penumbral magnetic field are discussed in the light of high-resolution observations. Recent, realistic numerical MHD simulations of an entire sunspot have succeeded in reproducing the salient features of the convective pattern in the umbra and the inner penumbra. The siphon-flow mechanism still provides the best explanation of the Evershed flow, particularly in the outer penumbra where it often consists of cool, supersonic downflows.Comment: To appear in "Magnetic Coupling between the Interior and the Atmosphere of the Sun", eds. S.S. Hasan and R.J. Rutten, Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin, 200

Repertoires of the Nucleosome-Positioning Dinucleotides

It is generally accepted that the organization of eukaryotic DNA into chromatin is strongly governed by a code inherent in the genomic DNA sequence. This code, as well as other codes, is superposed on the triplets coding for amino acids. The history of the chromatin code started three decades ago with the discovery of the periodic appearance of certain dinucleotides, with AA/TT and RR/YY giving the strongest signals, all with a period of 10.4 bases. Every base-pair stack in the DNA duplex has specific deformation properties, thus favoring DNA bending in a specific direction. The appearance of the corresponding dinucleotide at the distance 10.4 xn bases will facilitate DNA bending in that direction, which corresponds to the minimum energy of DNA folding in the nucleosome. We have analyzed the periodic appearances of all 16 dinucleotides in the genomes of thirteen different eukaryotic organisms. Our data show that a large variety of dinucleotides (if not all) are, apparently, contributing to the nucleosome positioning code. The choice of the periodical dinucleotides differs considerably from one organism to another. Among other 10.4 base periodicities, a strong and very regular 10.4 base signal was observed for CG dinucleotides in the genome of the honey bee A. mellifera. Also, the dinucleotide CG appears as the only periodical component in the human genome. This observation seems especially relevant since CpG methylation is well known to modulate chromatin packing and regularity. Thus, the selection of the dinucleotides contributing to the chromatin code is species specific, and may differ from region to region, depending on the sequence context

Green concrete production incorporating waste carpet fiber and palm oil fuel ash

With the increasing amount of waste generation from various processes, there has been a growing interest in the utilization of waste in producing building materials to achieve potential benefits. This paper highlights the results of an experimental investigation on the performance of concrete incorporating waste carpet fiber (WCF) and palm oil fuel ash (POFA) as partial replacements of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Six volume fractions varying from 0 to 1.25% of 20-mm-long carpet fiber were used with OPC concrete mixes. Another six mixes were made that replaced OPC with 20% POFA. The specimens were cured in water and tested for fresh and hardened state properties. The combination of WCF and POFA decreased the slump values and increased the VeBe time of fresh concrete. The addition of WCF to either OPC or POFA concrete mixes did not improve the compressive strength or modulus of elasticity. At 91 days, the compressive strength was in the range of 38.1e49.1 MPa. The positive interaction between WCF and POFA, however, leads to high tensile and flexural strengths, thereby increasing the concrete ductility with higher energy absorption and improved crack distribution. The maximum increases in tensile and flexural strengths compared to those of plain concrete were achieved by the addition of 0.5% carpet fiber at the age of 91 days. The ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) was examined and was classified as good quality concrete. The study showed that the use of waste carpet fiber and palm oil fuel ash in the production of sustainable green concrete is feasible both technically and environmentally

Trazos de una otra comunicación en América Latina : prácticas comunitarias, teorías y demandas sociales

Esta obra contiene una serie de textos que ponen en evidencia lo complejo que es buscar la articulación de cambio social, justicia y equidad a través de los medios de comunicación. Parafraseando a Elihu Katz, diríamos que “ el centro de los medios está fuera de los medios”, y en este caso, a pesar de que los textos tratan de medios, “ y en este caso, a pesar de que los textos tratan de medios, son los procesos sociales y los cambios hacia un futuro mejor para los ciudadanos lo que justifican la relevancia del tipo de investigación representada en este libro que surge de la producción científica que ha circulado en los encuentros de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Investigadores de la comunicación- ALAIC, más especialmente del grupo de trabajo “Comunicación popular , Comunitaria y Ciudadanía”. En total se compilan aquí 18 estudios de caso, desarrollados en Brasil, Perú, México, Argentina, Bolivia y Colombia y uno en Tanzania (África), que refleja lo que está pasando en la realidad latinoamericana ( y tanzaniana) en términos de expresiones comunicativas, movimientos sociales, principalmente comunitarios, y el uso de los medios y de procesos comunicativos para la articulación de transformaciones sociales. Esta publicación, primera en su género con una perspectiva latinoamericana se publica en Colombia, fue posible gracias al respaldo de la Red Danesa de Investigación en Nuevos Pensamientos sobre Ciudadanía, Autoridad y Espacios Públicos en América Latina, organización que colabora con universidades latinoamericanas en la formulación de proyectos comunes de investigación.Editorial Universidad del Nort

Case report: intra-tendinous ganglion of the anterior cruciate ligament in a young footballer

A 20-year-old male medical student and keen rugby player presented with a 12-month history of progressively worsening right knee pain and stiffness with no history of trauma. Clinical examination revealed effusion and posterior knee pain exacerbated by end range movement and an extension lag of 15 degrees. Physiotherapy to improve the range of motion proved unsuccessful. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the ACL was grossly thickened and displaced by material reported as mucoid in nature. There were also areas of focally high signal in relation to its tibial attachment and intra osseous small cysts. Arthroscopic examination revealed a ganglion related to the tibial attachment of the ACL and gross thickening and discoloration of the ACL. Biopsies were taken showing foci of mucoid degeneration in the ACL. A large intra-ACL mass of brownish coloured tissue was excised arthroscopically. Already at 2 weeks follow up the patient had greatly improved range of movement and was pain free. However, upon returning to rugby, joint instability was noticed and a tear of the ACL was confirmed. This rare clinical condition can be diagnosed with MRI and arthroscopic debridement effectively relieves symptoms. This case report illustrates that augmentation or reconstruction may end up being the definitive treatment for athletes. It may also offer some support to the argument that mucoid degeneration and ganglion cyst formation share a similar pathogenesis to intra-osseous cyst formation