Social Trust in Emerging Technologies: The Challenge to Incorporate Fundamentally Different Perspectives in Public Engagement

128-146The social construction of emerging science and technology systems requires extensive dialogue between diverse stakeholders, each with historically-diverse scientific, political and historical points of view. Public-engagement in debates about novel technologies has received substantial coverage within science communication studies but the origin of opposing positions regarding controversial science and technology developments has received little coverage. This work uses the juxtaposition between scientific and historical origins as a tool to explain the roots of different perceptions of emerging technologies in various sectors, with nanotechnologies as an empirical example

Solar-type dynamo behaviour in fully convective stars without a tachocline

In solar-type stars (with radiative cores and convective envelopes), the magnetic field powers star spots, flares and other solar phenomena, as well as chromospheric and coronal emission at ultraviolet to X-ray wavelengths. The dynamo responsible for generating the field depends on the shearing of internal magnetic fields by differential rotation. The shearing has long been thought to take place in a boundary layer known as the tachocline between the radiative core and the convective envelope. Fully convective stars do not have a tachocline and their dynamo mechanism is expected to be very different, although its exact form and physical dependencies are not known. Here we report observations of four fully convective stars whose X-ray emission correlates with their rotation periods in the same way as in Sun-like stars. As the X-ray activity - rotation relationship is a well-established proxy for the behaviour of the magnetic dynamo, these results imply that fully convective stars also operate a solar-type dynamo. The lack of a tachocline in fully convective stars therefore suggests that this is not a critical ingredient in the solar dynamo and supports models in which the dynamo originates throughout the convection zone.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in Nature (28 July 2016). Author's version, including Method

The Term Equity in Education: A Literature Review with Scientific Mapping in Web of Science

In this section you can acknowledge any support given which is not covered by the author contribution or funding sections. This may include administrative and technical support, or donations in kind (e.g., materials used for experiments).The term “equity” (EQUI) is a complex concept to be defined, because it depends on many factors, mainly political ideals. The objective of this research is to determine the evolution and development of the term equity in education by the scientific community. The main objective is to identify the scientific production and performance of the term equity in the field of education. The research method developed is based on bibliometrics, specifically on the technique of scientific mapping, and a process of quantification, analysis, evaluation and estimation of scientific documents was developed. The results indicate there is no established line of research or strong connections between the themes. This shows the existing variety of research on the term equity. Thus, the trend in research on the term equity is focused on the early periods of study on the students’ diversity in order to evolve to more concrete and specific aspects of equity, such as gender and race. It is concluded that the theoretical framework of reference shows how equity should be incorporated into the education system under the parameters of equal opportunities, of equality in access to higher education, regardless of gender or socio-cultural background.Proyecto de investigacion I+D Reference: ISPRS-2017-2021Corporacion Escuela Tecnologica del Oriente y Secretaria de Educacion de Santander (Colombia) & University of Granad

The Burkholderia contaminans MS14 ocfC Gene Encodes a Xylosyltransferase for Production of the Antifungal Occidiofungin

Burkholderia contaminans strain MS14 produces the antifungal compound occidiofungin, which is responsible for significant antifungal activities against a broad range of plant and animal fungal pathogens. Occidiofungin is a cyclic glycolipopeptide made up of eight amino acids and one xylose. A 56-kb ocf gene cluster was determined to be essential for occidiofungin production. In this study, the ocfC gene, which is located downstream of ocfD and upstream of the ocfB gene in the ocf gene cluster, was examined. Antifungal activity of the ocfC gene mutant MS14KC1 was reduced against the indicator fungus Geotrichum candidum compared with that of the wild-type strain. Furthermore, the analysis of the protein sequence suggests that the ocfC gene encodes a glycosyltransferase. Biochemical analyses using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy revealed that the ocfC mutant produced the occidiofungin without the xylose. The purified ocfC mutant MS14KC1 product had a level of bioactivity similar to that of the wild-type product. The revertant MS14KC1-R of the ocfC mutant produced the same antifungal activity level on plate assays and the same antifungal compound based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectroscopy analysis as wild-type strain MS14. Collectively, the study demonstrates that the ocfC gene encodes a glycosyltransferase responsible to add a xylose to the occidiofungin molecule and that the presence of the xylose is not important for antifungal activity against Candida species. The finding provides a novel variant for future studies aimed at evaluating its use for inhibiting clinical and agricultural fungi, and the finding could also simplify the chemical synthesis of occidiofungin variants

Competències i habilitats transversals entre geologia i arqueologia prehistòrica

En aquest treball es desenvolupa una proposta concreta per abordar alguns dels objectius pedagògics, com ara la transversalitat, el treball en equip o la necessitat d'incrementar els coneixements pràctics. La perspectiva des de la que s'ha realitzat ha estat la de la col·laboració interdisciplinària entre docents universitaris que treballen en dos àmbits científics ben diferents: geologia i arqueologia prehistòrica.S'ha desenvolupat una eina pedagògica on els estudiants poden desenvolupar habilitats i capacitats com les esmentades a partir del seguiment d'un cas d'estudi concret: la determinació i procedència dels elements petris utilitzats en la construcció del sepulcre megalític de Puigseslloses (Osona). La proposta es basa en el seguiment i la participació dels estudiants en tot el procés de la recerca: el plantejament del problema historicoarqueològic, la definició de les vies d'estudi concretes, el seu desenvolupament, l'obtenció de resultats i la seva discussió interdisciplinària.En este trabajo se desarrolla una propuesta concreta para abordar algunos de los objetivos pedagógicos, como la transversalidad, el trabajo en equipo o la necesidad de incrementar los conocimientos prácticos. La perspectiva desde la que se ha realizado ha sido la de la colaboración interdisciplinaria entre docentes universitarios que trabajan en dos ámbitos científicos bien distintos: Geología y Arqueología Prehistórica. Se ha desarrollado una herramienta pedagógica a través de la cual los estudiantes pueden desarrollar habilidades y capacidades como las mencionadas a partir del seguimiento de un caso de estudio concreto: la determinación y procedencia de los elementos pétreos utilizados en la construcción del sepulcro megalítico de Puigseslloses (Osona). La propuesta se basa en que los estudiantes sigan y participen en todo el proceso de la investigación, desde el planteamiento del problema histórico-arqueológico, la definición de las vías de estudio concretas, su desarrollo y la obtención de resultados, hasta su discusión interdisciplinaria.This study develops a specific proposal for addressing some of the educational goals of the EHEA such as transversality, teamwork and the need to increase practical knowledge. The perspective from which the study was conducted was interdisciplinary cooperation among university professors who work in two quite different fields of science: geology and prehistoric archaeology. A pedagogical tool was developed in which students can develop skills and abilities such as the ones mentioned above by pursuing a specific case study: the description and provenance of stone elements used to build the megalithic sepulchre in Puigseslloses (Osona). The proposal is based on students' following and participating in the entire research process: posing the historical-archaeological problem, defining the specific avenues of study, conducting the study, getting the results and holding an interdisciplinary discussion of these results

Guía docente para mejorar la convivencia y promover el bienestar : actividades participativo-promocionales y de integración (Primaria Multigrado)

Esta guía propone que los encuentros familiares sean espacios de confianza para vivenciar una convivencia sin violencia y fortalecer la comunicación a través del juego y la creatividad. Mediante las actividades aquí propuestas, se promueven situaciones que permiten a los diferentes actores respetar las reglas, hacerse entender adecuadamente y comprender mejor al otro

Structural and biochemical characterization of the exopolysaccharide deacetylase Agd3 required for Aspergillus fumigatus biofilm formation

The exopolysaccharide galactosaminogalactan (GAG) is an important virulence factor of the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Deletion of a gene encoding a putative deacetylase, Agd3, leads to defects in GAG deacetylation, biofilm formation, and virulence. Here, we show that Agd3 deacetylates GAG in a metal-dependent manner, and is the founding member of carbohydrate esterase family CE18. The active site is formed by four catalytic motifs that are essential for activity. The structure of Agd3 includes an elongated substrate-binding cleft formed by a carbohydrate binding module (CBM) that is the founding member of CBM family 87. Agd3 homologues are encoded in previously unidentified putative bacterial exopolysaccharide biosynthetic operons and in other fungal genomes. The exopolysaccharide galactosaminogalactan (GAG) is an important virulence factor of the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Here, the authors study an A. fumigatus enzyme that deacetylates GAG in a metal-dependent manner and constitutes a founding member of a new carbohydrate esterase family.Bio-organic Synthesi

Sexual Size Dimorphism and Body Condition in the Australasian Gannet

Funding: The research was financially supported by the Holsworth Wildlife Research Endowment. Acknowledgments We thank the Victorian Marine Science Consortium, Sea All Dolphin Swim, Parks Victoria, and the Point Danger Management Committee for logistical support. We are grateful for the assistance of the many field volunteers involved in the study.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Guía para el docente sobre el uso de los cuadernos de Tutoría - 1° a 5° de Secundaria

Guía ágil para implementar la tutoría con estudiantes de primero a quinto de secundaria de los MSE