Determinação da atividade de água mediante o método de depressão do ponto de congelamento em sucos de acerola, pitanga e tamarindo

09

Cálculo mental e o desenvolvimento do sentido numérico

O estudo teve como objetivo investigar a relação entre desenvolvimento do sentido numérico, que trata-se do estabelecimento de um conjunto complexo de relações, formando uma rede, que permitem resolver problemas de forma criativa (LINS e GIMENEZ, 1997), e as estratégias de resolução de problemas aditivos por cálculo mental (PARRA, 1996). A pesquisa, desenvolvida no estado do Pará, Brasil, envolveu alunos do 3º e 5º ano do ensino fundamental, que resolveram questões de adição divididas em três subgrupos: i) cálculo mental, ii) lápis e papel e iii) cálculo mental e/ou lápis e papel. As análises seguiram os princípios da pesquisa qualitativa. Em situações de sucesso de cálculo mental, uma das principais estratégias utilizadas é decompor as parcelas em tantas ordens quantas tiverem a maior das parcelas. Em seguida, adicionar a ela as que formam uma dezena e, por fim, as unidades restantes. Nas situações de insucesso os sujeitos pesquisados não demonstraram ter essa habilidade. Assim, o estudo aponta que o desenvolvimento de um sentido numérico, em alunos dos primeiros anos, tem relação com a compreensão de funcionamento do sistema de numeração decimal, especificamente com o domínio de agrupamento e reagrupamento em base dez

What is Industry 4.0: a Review of the Literature Using the Conceptual Bibliographic Method

Purpose: Scientific production has tried to understand the various evolutionary intricacies of Industry 4.0, the so-called fourth industrial revolution. As discoveries increase and deepen, there must also be an effort to understand the frontiers of scientific knowledge, its most noticeable and studied aspects, and those attributes that have only now been perceived. It is, therefore, necessary to periodically take stock of what science knows about the phenomenon to understand where it is headed and which paths have already been taken. Therefore, the need to take inventory of the current state of knowledge about Industry 4.0 was the theoretical justification for this study.   Theoretical framework: The theoretical architecture of this study consisted of the transformations that the industrial revolutionary stages caused in production systems, firstly, and then for the entire society. It involves aspects from various areas of scientific knowledge to understand the different perceptions contained in the scientific literature on the phenomenon of Industry 4.0.   Design/Methodology/Approach: The conceptual bibliographic method was used to generate answers to three guiding questions: What are the main approaches to Industry 4.0? What are its main attributes? What is its irradiation logic? All conceptual definitions in scientific studies published in English and Portuguese available in the Google Scholar database from 2019 to 2020 were analyzed, with a total of 19 studies. The semantic analysis technique was used to identify the approaches and attributes, which were then organized by semantic proximity, constituting the semantic groupings on which the results were generated and interpreted.   Findings: The results showed the existence of eight groups of approaches (procedures, evolution, time, grouping, transformation, layer, organization, and model) and twelve groups of attributes (industrialization, transformation technologies, information technologies, integrated system, processes, society, quality, knowledge, planning, market, value chain, and automation). These discoveries made it possible to understand that Industry 4.0 has a driving force: knowledge, which spreads similarly in waves until it reaches the entire society and is not limited only to the interior of factories and economic organizations.   Research, Practical, and Social Implications: Two implications of these findings stand out. The first is the dynamic nature of implementing Industry 4.0 in organizations, whether economic or not, which is done more quickly if knowledge and technologies are available or more slowly when expertise and technologies are fragile or non-existent. The second is teleological since the purpose of Industry 4.0 and all industrial revolutions is to continually improve production processes, even though these benefits often generate unwanted externalities, such as environmental impacts. This means that the progress of knowledge and its developments cannot be stopped but can be directed towards other purposes.   Originality/Value: The main contribution of this study to science is to point out the current stage of the evolution of Industry 4.0 about previous revolutions. Three other contributions are also significant: identifying the main approaches to the phenomenon, its most prominent characteristics, and its irradiation dynamics

Analysis of Conceptual Definitions of Agribusiness Using the Conceptual Bibliographic Method

Purpose: Agribusiness is a phenomenon of interest to science from several aspects, and this multiplicity of aspects taken simultaneously is a new way of trying to understand and explain it. Specific, unidisciplinary studies still predominate on a single element of agribusiness, such as finance, marketing, and production, among countless others. However, the trend is towards multifactorial studies because agribusiness is a phenomenon that cannot be classified solely as industry, commerce, or service or as a primary, secondary, or tertiary sector. Consolidated agribusiness is all of these things simultaneously, whose reality is delimited by science based on its conceptual definitions. Therefore, the definitions must be analyzed so that the current stage of scientific knowledge about the phenomenon can be understood, especially its limits, characteristics, and dynamics, which are the purposes of this study.   Theoretical Structure: The theoretical architecture of this study consisted of seeking to understand the phenomenon of agribusiness with socio-economic development, which is its most evident externality. It was carried out interdisciplinary, highlighting its integral reality based on what appears and can be identified in the conceptual definitions available in scientific publications. The justification for this procedure was the need to understand agribusiness from multiple scientific views so that its various aspects could be understood.   Design/Methodology/Approach: This study aimed to analyze the conceptual definitions of agribusiness in the scientific literature in studies published between 2015 and 2023. To this end, it established three guiding questions, which sought to identify the frontiers of knowledge about the phenomenon, its main attributes, and what logical scheme it is possible to find among its main defining characteristics. For this, the conceptual bibliographic method was used, which consists of formulating a problem and its breakdown into a response pattern, collecting data in scientific databases, organizing and analyzing data based on semantic resources, and generating responses from the diagrammatic layout of the data organization.   Findings: The results showed the existence of nine approaches to agribusiness (set, sum, activity, science, practice, configuration, industry, process, and transformation) and eight groups of attributes (transnational activities, commercialization, distribution logistics, supply logistics, companies, production, services, and agroecosystem). These discoveries allowed us to understand that agribusiness has an evolutionary dynamic that begins with the professionalization of the rural output and culminates with the irradiation of the reach of this production to transnational borders. Research, Practical, and Social Implications: These findings fundamentally affect how agribusiness is viewed. In Brazil, in particular, the prevalent mentality tends to distinguish agribusiness as a unique and exclusive form of large rural enterprises, almost all of which are already globalized, excluding small enterprises from this coverage, almost always classified as family farming. Suppose the family farmer establishes himself as an enterprise. In that case, he often receives the entire discriminatory range intended for the large agribusiness enterprise, discouraging his professionalization, an essential corollary of the germ of agribusiness. Professionalization involves replacing improvised methods of producing and managing the enterprise with rational aspects originating from science and introducing scientifically subsidized techniques and technologies.   Originality/Value: The main contribution of this study to science was the construction of an evolutionary dynamic of agribusiness, which begins with the professionalization of rural production and culminates with globalization. These findings suggest that the family farming stage needs to be broken so that the benefits of professionalization can lead to improved quality of life and desired socioeconomic development for producers and partners

TRANSPARÊNCIA E ACESSO A INFORMAÇÃO: OS DESAFIOS ENFRENTADOS NA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DA LEI Nº 12.527 NA FUNDAÇÃO UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE RONDÔNIA

Ao considerar a grande importância do acesso à informação pelo cidadão-usuário dos serviços públicos, posto que tais informações representem elementos básicos para um efetivo controle social sobre as ações da administração pública, a Lei de Acesso a Informação (LAI), que abrange todos os órgãos públicos dos três poderes e esferas, estabeleceu prazo de 180 dias para sua implantação, entrando em vigor no dia 16 de maio de 2012. Prestadora de um serviço público de relevância, as Universidades, no cumprimento de sua missão de gerar conhecimento para formar cidadãos melhores em uma sociedade mais equânime, dependem de uma estrutura organizacional capaz de prover o acesso à informação na qualidade, forma e tempo requeridos pela Lei nº 12.527 (LAI). Por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa com fins exploratórios avaliou-se como uma Universidade Federal proverá as respostas ao cidadão. A partir dos dados extraídos de documentos e questionários aplicados a doze gestores e onze membros do GT de implantação, os resultados mostram que Universidade não está preparada para a efetiva resposta ao cidadão requerida pela LAI, devido às fragilidades que sua estrutura apresenta, sobretudo na insuficiência de seus ativos intangíveis: capital humano e tecnológico, os quais são imprescindíveis para a prática da transparência e do acesso à informação

Aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos relacionados a acidentes com animais peçonhentos

Introdução: os acidentes provocados por animais peçonhentos representam um significativo problema de saúde pública, pois são capazes de causar injúrias ao homem. Objetivo: analisar aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos relacionados a acidentes com animais peçonhentos ocorridos em município do interior do Estado de Mato Grosso. Metodologia: foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico transversal, não probabilístico. Foram estudados todos os casos registrados no período de 2007 a 2013, em Barra do Garças, MT. Resultados: no período estudado notificaram-se 166 casos de acidentes, sendo que os animais mais frequentemente envolvidos foram serpentes (56%), escorpiões (31,3%) e aranhas (9,6%). As manifestações locais estiveram presentes em 80,7% e as manifestações sistêmicas foram relatadas em 18,7% dos casos. Conclusão: o número significativo de casos de acidentes por animais peçonhentos, principalmente serpentes, reforça a importância de se conhecer a epidemiologia específica de uma região. Desse modo é possível prever intervenções do sistema público de saúde realmente efetivas para evitar acidentes e complicações devido a esse agravo.