Aspectos sociais na identificação de problemas de saúde mental em crianças em dois serviços de saúde em Paris, França

Children's mental health problems were analyzed from a sociological approach addressing two questions: what are the main children's behaviors identified and considered to be mental health problems, and what are the consequences of this classification for the debate on children's problems in contemporary societies. This quantitative and qualitative study analyzed 275 patients' records from two child mental health services (CMHS) in the northeast area of Paris, France. The majority of children were boys from six to 11 years oldrequests were presented mainly by schools and parentsthe main problems were behavioural problems, cognitive difficulties and relational problems (boys), and affective or emotional problems (girls). There is an interdependence of a great number of actors who worry about children's behavior and a system of expectations seems to be collectively woven by them as social classifications.Problemas mentais na infância foram analisados da perspectiva sociológica, abordando duas questões: quais os principais comportamentos infantis identificados e considerados problemas de saúde mental, e quais as consequências dessa classificação para o debate dos problemas infantis nas sociedades contemporâneas. Este estudo quanti e qualitativo analisou 275 prontuários de pacientes de dois serviços de saúde mental da infância na região nordeste de Paris, França. A maioria das crianças eram meninos de seis a 11 anos de idade; as queixas foram apresentadas principalmente pelas escolas e pelos pais; os principais problemas eram de comportamento, dificuldades de aprendizagem e de relacionamento (meninos), e problemas afetivos e emocionais (meninas). Há uma interdependência entre um grande número de atores que se preocupam com os comportamentos infantis e um sistema de expectativas parece ser coletivamente tecido por eles como classificações sociais.National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq-Brazil)Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Polit Publ & Saude Colet, LICHSS, R Silva Jardim 136,Campus Baixada Santista, BR-11045551 Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Paris 05, Ctr Rech Med Sci Sante Sante Mentale Soc CERMES3, Inst Natl Sante & Rech Med, Paris, FranceUniv Paris 05, CERMES3, Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Inst Sci Homme & Soc, Paris, FranceUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Polit Publ & Saude Colet, LICHSS, R Silva Jardim 136,Campus Baixada Santista, BR-11045551 Santos, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

O cérebro «social» Quimera epistemológica e verdade sociológica

DOI: 10.12957/periferia.2009.3433As concepções naturalistas começaram a impregnar a sociedade, e não somente a psiquiatria, a partir dos anos 1980, nos Estados Unidos, e dos anos 1990, na França. As neurociências contribuíram para mudar o estatuto do cérebro no sentido de que este não é mais considerado somente na sua dimensão médica, mas também adquiriu um valor social que não existia há pouco tempo atrás na vida cotidiana, na vida política e nas referências culturais – desde então, os jornais franceses dedicam um número especial anual às neurociências2, como o fazem há muito tempo com a psicanálise. Assim, o cérebro não é mais somente estudado tendo em vista as patologias mentais e neurológicas.</p

Faire société à travers l’autonomie

Entretien avec Alain Ehrenberg, sociologue et directeur de recherche au CNRS, réalisé par Éliane Rothier Bautzer. L’autonomie fonde à la fois ce par quoi nous tenons mais aussi ce à quoi nous tenons, et revêt dès lors un caractère paradoxal qui peut s’exprimer sous la forme de tensions, voire d’un malaise. Les professionnels des secteurs sanitaire, social et médico-social sont exposés, en première ligne, aux tensions soulignées par Alain Ehrenberg, notamment dans son dernier ouvrage (2010). E..

The tensions of autonomy

All tensions are not negative. There are structuring and destructuring tensions, and it is not always easy to decide which is which. By nature, democracy is inherently based on the institution of conflict, an institution which enables the representation of different interests in a society of free and equal individuals, multiple expressions of individual and collective agents, and the peaceful resolution of disagreements. Considering this framework, how can destructuring tensions be transformed into structuring ones? In this paper I will address the topic of society under tension with a case study, that of French society, and the type of individualism which characterizes it. A mapping of contemporary tensions in society cannot be established independently from globalization (the entry into a world culture, and generalized urbanization), which represents a change comparable to the Industrial Revolution, and the foundering of this industrial society, with the weakening of the welfare state and social protection, instituted in Western society after the Second World War. If collective challenges are similar everywhere, the path followed by the different national societies to address them differ somewhat. In the framework of globalization, to which the French are the most hostile in the European Union (after Greece), France offers images of pessimism, distrust, conflict, disquiet, and division among its citizens. It seems to be a society of malaise, in which the grammar of collective life is marked by strong negativity, though statistical data demonstrate that this society is doing rather well (in terms of degrees of inequality, the poverty rate, standards of living, health, etc.). Starting from the topic of collective malaise, the paper will highlight certain major tensions in French society. It will first situate them in the context of changes in collective representations of individualism marked by autonomy – the personal turn of individualism; then it will describe the features of this malaise (weakening of social links, new psychic pathologies, anxiety about the future and nostalgia for the past, etc.) by using the two examples of work and the welfare state (the French “social model” is invested as a foundation of the “living together”); after this, it will clarify underlying tensions which express, through this malaise (a crisis of equality à la française, and a difficulty to evolve the concept of protection); and finally, it will design paths enabling responses, to a certain extent, and will specify what a politics of autonomy could consist of. Video recording of the keynot

Faire société à travers l’autonomie

Entretien avec Alain Ehrenberg, sociologue et directeur de recherche au CNRS, réalisé par Éliane Rothier Bautzer. L’autonomie fonde à la fois ce par quoi nous tenons mais aussi ce à quoi nous tenons, et revêt dès lors un caractère paradoxal qui peut s’exprimer sous la forme de tensions, voire d’un malaise. Les professionnels des secteurs sanitaire, social et médico-social sont exposés, en première ligne, aux tensions soulignées par Alain Ehrenberg, notamment dans son dernier ouvrage (2010). E..

Lead-free piezoceramics with giant strain in the system Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-BaTiO3-K0.5Na0.5NbO3. II. Temperature dependent properties

The temperature dependence of the dielectric and ferroelectric properties of lead-free piezoceramics of the composition (1-x-y)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-xBaTiO(3)-yK(0.5)Na(0.5)NbO(3) (0.05 <= x <= 0.07, 0.01 <= y <= 0.03) was investigated. Measurements of the polarization and strain hystereses indicate a transition to predominantly antiferroelectric order when heating from room temperature to 150 degrees C, while for 150 < T < 200 degrees C both remnant polarization and coercive field increase. Frequency-dependent susceptibility measurements show that the transition is relaxorlike. For some samples, the transition temperature T-d is high enough to allow mostly ferroelectric ordering at room temperature. These samples show a drastic increase of the usable strain under an external electric field just after the transition into the antiferroelectric state at high temperatures. For the other samples, T-d is so low that they display significant antiferroelectric ordering already at room temperature. In these samples, the usable strain is relatively stable over a wide temperature range. In contrast to T-d, the temperature T-m of the transition into the paraelectric high-temperature phase depends far less on the sample composition. These results confirm that the high strain in this lead-free system is due to a field-induced antiferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition and that this effect can be utilized in a wide temperature range.open8

Book Review: True West: Authenticity and the American West

In the culture of the American West, the term authenticity comes close to frontier in its ubiquity, resonance, and elusiveness. The fifteen essays in this outstanding collection clarify how authenticity has functioned in cultural and literary settings. Instead of simply distinguishing the fake from the authentic, they explore the nature and consequences of quests for and claims to authenticity. Readers interested in the Great Plains will find rewarding essays on literature, environment, and the uses of American Indian history

Amorphous Mo₅O₁₄-Type/Carbon Nanocomposite with Enhanced Electrochemical Capability for Lithium-Ion Batteries

An amorphous MomO3m−1/carbon nanocomposite (m ≈ 5) is fabricated from a citrate–gel precursor heated at moderate temperature (500 °C) in inert (argon) atmosphere. The as-prepared Mo5O14-type/C material is compared to α-MoO3 synthesized from the same precursor in air. The morphology and microstructure of the as-prepared samples are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman scattering (RS) spectroscopy. Thermal gravimetry and elemental analysis indicate the presence of 25.8 ± 0.2% of carbon in the composite. The SEM images show that Mo5O14 is immersed inside a honeycomb-like carbon matrix providing high surface area. The RS spectrum of Mo5O14/C demonstrates an oxygen deficiency in the molybdenum oxide and the presence of a partially graphitized carbon. Outstanding improvement in electrochemical performance is obtained for the Mo5O14 encapsulated by carbon in comparison with the carbon-free MoO3. View Full-Tex