Utilização de subprodutos da indústria de biodiesel na alimentação de ruminantes

Com a introdução de óleo vegetal na cadeia produtiva do biocombustível no Brasil, é esperado o aumento da demanda por plantas oleaginosas e oferta de fibras vegetais resultantes da extração do óleo. Considerando a alimentação animal como elo entre a produção de biodiesel e a pecuária, propomos o estudo da utilização de subprodutos destes empreendimentos na alimentação visando aumentar a produtividade e diminuir a emissão de gases de efeito estufa pelos animais, gerando créditos de carbono e atendendo ao interesse da iniciativa privada. A técnica de produção de gases in vitro tem sido utilizada no LANA-CENA/USP com a finalidade de estudar o efeito de alimentos que possuem metabólitos secundários bioativos, na fermentação ruminal e degradabilidade da matéria orgânica (MOVD), bem como, no estudo da produção de metano. Resultados recentes mostraram que a substituição total do farelo de soja por tortas de algodão, dendê, mamona e pinhão manso proporcionou menor produção total de gases; e que a produção de metano foi significativamente afetada pela inclusão das tortas, sendo que o farelo de soja apresentou produção de metano de 15,3 mL/g MOVD. Diversos trabalhos mostram que as tortas e farelos apresentam características nutricionais adequadas para inclusão na dieta de ruminantes, entretanto, estudos criteriosos desses materiais enquanto matérias-primas para ração animal são necessários para avaliar possíveis efeitos deletérios devido à presença de metabólitos bioativos. Através de análises de cromatografia de alta resolução, podem ser identificadas essas substâncias que, em condições tropicais podem não apresentar a mesma toxicidade. A introdução de tortas com elevado teor de gordura nas dietas de ruminantes pode auxiliar na mitigação de metano entérico, e a produção de algumas oleaginosas pode contribuir com o seqüestro de carbono pelos solos de Cerrado na recuperação de pastagens, reduzindo a necessidade de desmatamentos.With the introduction of vegetable oil in the bio-fuel productive chain in Brazil, the increase in the demand of oleaginous plants is expected as well as the offer of the resulting vegetable fibers from the extraction of the oil. Considering the animal feeding as link between the biodiesel production and the livestock, we propose the study of the use of by-products of these enterprises in the feeding system seeking to increase the productivity and to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases from the animals, generating carbon credits and assisting to the interest of the private initiative. The in vitro gas technique has been used at LANA-CENA/USP with the purpose of studying the effect of feeds containing secondary bioactive metabolites upon the ruminal fermentation and organic matter degradability (MOVD), as well as, in the study of methane production. The total substitution of the soybean meal for meals of cotton seed, palm oil, castor oil plant and jatropha provided less total gas production and the production of methane was affected significantly by the inclusion of the meals, with soybean meal presenting methane production of 15.3 mL/g MOVD. Literature data also show that meals from biodiesel production present appropriate nutritional characteristics for inclusion in the diet of ruminant, however, discerning studies of those materials while raw materials for animal ration are necessary to evaluate possible harmful effects due to the presence of bioactive metabolites. Through analyses of high resolution chromatography, those metabolites may be identified. The introduction of meals with high fat content in the diets of ruminant can aid in the mitigation of enteric methane, and the production of some oleaginous plants can contribute with the sequestering of carbon for the Cerrado soils in the recovery of pastures, reducing the need of deforestation

Electronic music effects on neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems and psychophysiological parameters during exhaustive incremental test

The aim of this study was to analyze the music effects on physiological and psychophysiological responses, as well as on the maximum power output attained during an incremental test. A sample of 10 healthy individuals (20.8 ± 1.4 years, 77.0 ± 12.0 kg, 179.2 ± 6.3 cm) participated in this study. It was recorded the electromyographic activity (muscles Rectus Femoris − RF and Vastus Lateralis − VL), heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), ratings of perceived time (RPT) and the maximum power output attained (PMax) during music (WM) and without music (WTM) conditions. The individuals completed four maximal incremental tests (MIT) ramp-like on a cycle simulator with initial load of 100 W and increments of 10 W·min-1. The mean values of PMax between conditions WTM (260.5 ± 27.7 W) and WM (263.2 ± 17.2 W) were not statistically different. The comparison between the rates of increase of the values expressed in root-mean-square (RMS) and median frequency (MF) for both muscles (RF and VL) also showed no statistical difference, as well as HR, RPE and RPT. It is concluded that the use of the electronic music during an incremental test to exhaustion showed no effect on the analyzed variables for the investigated group

The role of maxillary sinus puncture on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with hospital-acquired rhinosinusitis

Rhinosinusitis is one of the most commom causes of fever of unknown origin in critically ill patients and should be systematically searched. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic effect of maxillary sinus puncture performed at the bedside in patients with infective rhinosinusitis hospitalized in an Intensive Care Unit of a high complexity care hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study looks into patients on mechanical ventilation with fever of unknown origin and signs of rhinosinusitis on CT images who were submitted to inferior meatus maxillary sinus puncture. RESULTS: The total study sample consisted of 27 patients (70.3% male; mean age 45.3 years). The most common Intensive Care Unit admission diagnoses were head trauma and stroke. CT scans revealed the maxillary (85.2%) and sphenoid (74.1%) sinuses were the most involved paranasal sinuses. Middle meatus purulent drainage was seen in 30.7% of the nasal cavities. Fever was reduced in 70.4% of the patients after puncture (p < 0.001). The most commonly found organisms in sinus aspirates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. CONCLUSION: Maxillary sinus puncture performed at the bedside of the patients is an important diagnostic and theraupetic tool for critically ill patients.A rinossinusite é uma das principais causas de febre em pacientes críticos e deve ser sistematicamente pesquisada. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto da punção do seio maxilar à beira leito, no diagnóstico e no tratamento dos pacientes com rinossinusite infecciosa internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital universitário de alta complexidade. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo que avaliou os pacientes em ventilação mecânica com febre de origem indeterminada e sinais tomográficos de rinossinusite submetidos à punção do seio maxilar pelo meato inferior. RESULTADOS: A amostra total do estudo consistiu de 27 pacientes (70,3% do sexo masculino com média de idade 45,3 anos). Os diagnósticos de admissão mais frequentes na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva foram Trauma Crânio Encefálico e Acidente Vascular Cerebral. No exame tomográfico, os seios paranasais mais acometidos foram o maxilar, em 85,2%, e esfenoidal, em 74,1%. A secreção purulenta foi visualizada no meato médio em 30,7% das fossas nasais. Os microrganismos mais frequentes nos aspirados dos seios foram Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Acinetobacter baumannii. CONCLUSÃO: A punção do seio maxilar à beira leito demonstrou-se uma importante ferramenta diagnóstica e terapêutica nos pacientes de UTI com rinossinusite hospitalar, submetidos à ventilação mecânica invasiva.UNIFESP-EPMUNIFESP-EPM setor de RinologiaUNIFESP, EPM, setor de RinologiaSciEL

Giant Fibrolipoma in the Distal Limb of a Cow

Background: Lipomas are adipocytic tumors of slow and expansive growth. They can be classified into several subtypes depending on the tissue present next to the neoplastic adipocytes. One of such subtypes is the fibrolipoma, which is formed by well-differentiated adipocytes and fibrous connective tissue. This neoplasm has been little described in cattle, and rare reports present the treatment and resolution of the case. Thus, the dissemination of cases of fibrolipomas in cattle is essential to help veterinarians diagnose this neoplasm. The present report describes a case of fibrolipoma in the distal pelvic limb of a cow successfully treated by surgical excision. Case: A 4-year-old 3/4 Girolando cow from the municipality of Vazante-MG, Brazil, was treated on the farm. According to the owner, the animal had been showing tumoral growth in the left pelvic limb over the period of 1 year and 3 months. The tumor involved the entire left metatarsus and was 40 x 37 cm, without ulcerations and painless on palpation. A neoplasm was suspected and surgical excision was the chosen approach. The cow was sedated, positioned and restrained in right lateral recumbency for surgery. The operative field was prepared and a subcutaneous locoregional ring block was performed dorsally to the tumor. The tumor mass was excised with a safety margin of 1 cm. After removal, the mass was found to weigh 10.4 kg and to be yellowish-white upon sectioning. Due to the distance between the edges of the surgical wound, skin suture could not be performed. Thus, second-intention healing and wound protection with bandages were the choice of management. In the postoperative period, the adopted treatment consisted of antibiotic therapy with benzathine penicillin, analgesia with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, daily dressings and wound protection with bandages. The animal did not show postoperative complications and, over 8 months of monitoring after surgery, there was no recurrence of the neoplasm and the cow was in productive activity. Tumor fragments were fixed in 10%buffered formalinand sent for histopathological examination, which revealed a neoplasm of mesenchymal cells in the subcutaneous adipose tissue supported by dense fibrovascular stroma with solid arrangement. A large amount of dense connective tissue was found among the neoplastic cells. In view of these findings, the diagnosis of fibrolipoma was established.Discussion: Fibrolipoma is a benign neoplasm little described in the veterinary literature, especially in cattle, with only 3 cases reported. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first report of this neoplasm in the distal limb of cattle. Fibrolipomas are a rare type of lipoma formed by well-differentiated lipocytes and fibrous tissue. The fibrolipoma described in this report was 40 cm in diameter and weighed 10.4 kg, so it can be classified as a type of giant lipoma, as it was more than 10 cm in diameter and more than 1 kg in weight. In the present report and in others in the medical literature, surgical removal of the fibrolipoma resulted in complete recovery of the patient without postoperative complications. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice in these cases and usually promotes healing. However, surgery must be performed early and the neoplasm must be completely removed. The histological characteristics of the fibrolipoma in this case are similar to those found in other cases in cattle and corroborate the choice for surgical treatment and maintenance of the animal in the herd. Although rare, fibrolipomas should be included in the differential diagnosis of tumors of slow and expansive growth in cattle.Keywords: bovine, adipose tissue, lipoma, neoplasia, surgery.Descritores: bovino, cirurgia, tecido adiposo, lipoma, neoplasia.Título: Fibrolipoma gigante no membro distal de uma vaca

Evaluation of areas with environmental vulnerability in the Rio Claro hydrographic basin, SP – Brazil/Avaliação de áreas com vulnerabilidade ambiental na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Claro, SP - Brasil

The environmental vulnerability study is one of the most important ways to analyze the anthropic pressures that occur in the physical and biological environment. In this context, the aim of this work is to evaluate the areas with environmental vulnerability in the Rio Claro Hydrographic Basin in 2001 and 2017, using physical and biological factors. The hydrographic basin has 251.91km² and is localized in the Santa Rita do Passa Quatro (SP). The analysis was carried out addressing the physical attributes (slope, geology, unconsolidated materials, and aquifer units) and biological attributes with use and land cover for 2001 and 2017. The methodology was based on the environmental characterization and standardization of the information through the Fuzzy logic, processed in ArcGIS 10.5 software. The data were classified into five levels of environmental vulnerability (very low, low, medium, high and very high). For both periods, the most evident levels were the low, medium and high vulnerability, occupying over 70%. The method employed in this work allowed the evaluation of the environmental vulnerability in the Rio Claro Hydrographic Basin and made possible the definition of the regions that suffered interference due to the influence of the anthropic activities in the physical and biological environment, as well as of the different activities that occurred in the region.

Fibroma cutâneo atípico em uma vaca

Background: Cutaneous fibroma is a benign neoplasm affecting the fibroblasts and collagen matrix that develops in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue. This neoplasm is uncommon in cattle, and few reports have described the treatment and resolution of this neoplasm. Despite its benign character, a veterinarian should consider cutaneous fibroma in the differential diagnosis of skin tumorshis report aims to describe a rare case of large fibroma in the scapular region in a cow, with emphasis on the clinical-surgical and anatomopathological aspects of the condition. Case: A 3-year-old Girolando 3/4 cow was attended to at a rural property in Lagamar-MG, Brazil. According to the owner, the animal presented with a small mass in the right scapular region that grew progressively over 1 year and 6 months. Clinical examination revealed an exuberant and painless increase in volume on palpation in the proximal region of the right thoracic limb, which, in its vertical axis, extended from the proximal end of the scapula to near the olecranon tuberosity, and, in its horizontal axis, extended from the 6th intercostal space to the scapulohumeral joint, reaching the dimensions 66 cm and 62 cm, respectively. It presented with multiple nodules that were firm in consistency with extensive areas of ulceration. Neoplasia was suspected, and surgical excision was decided upon. The cow was sedated and restrained in the left lateral decubitus position. Trichotomy and antisepsis of the operative field were performed followed by an infiltrative anesthetic block around the tumor. The tumor was excised maintaining a safety margin of 1 cm. Dermorrhaphy was not possible, and healing by secondary intention was awaited. In the postoperative period, antibiotic therapy with benzathine penicillin, analgesia with meloxicam and dipyrone and daily dressing of the wound were performed. There were no postoperative complications and complete healing occurred approximately 100 days after surgery. One year after the surgical procedure, the owner reported that the cow did not present with recurrence of the neoplasm. The resected tumor weighed 11.2 kg, and, when cut, presented with solid conformation and whitish coloration. Tumor fragments were harvested, fixed in 10% formalin, and sent for histopathological examination, which revealed neoproliferation of remarkable cellular density composed of dense, well vascularized fibrocollagenous connective tissue arranged in multidirectional bundles and undulating pattern. Mild cellular pleomorphism was identified, and no mitosis figures were observed. Alcian blue staining was negative for mucopolysaccharides, differing from Masson's trichrome staining, which widely stained the fibrocollagenous tissue blue. In view of these findings, the diagnosis of cutaneous fibroma was confirmed. Discussion: Cutaneous fibromas are benign neoplasms of fibrous tissue, and they are uncommon in cattle and may be associated with bovine papillomavirus and/or trauma. Although the origin of cutaneous fibroma is not clear, the present report stands out due to the large size of the tumor mass. The complete healing of the surgical wound, the absence of recurrence one year after surgery and the return of the animal to dairy production demonstrate that the surgical treatment was adequate. The macro- and microscopic characteristics of the cutaneous fibroma in this case corroborate with other cases reported in the literature. Large cutaneous fibroma is uncommon in bovines, and may hinder surgical excision and prolong healing time, as well as the complete recovery of the animal. Moreover, the differential diagnosis with other neoplasms of fibroblastic origin is relevant, especially for those with malignant biological behavior, such as fibrosarcoma and myxosarcoma. Keywords: bovine, cutaneous tumor, fibroblasts, fibroblastic neoplasm, surgery. Título: Fibromacutâneo atípico em uma vaca Descritores: bovino, cirurgia, fibroblastos, neoplasia fibroblástica, tumor cutâneo.Background: O fibroma cutâneo é uma neoplasia benigna formada por fibroblastos e matriz colágena, que se desenvolve na derme ou subcutâneo. Essa neoplasia é incomum em bovinos e raros relatos descreveram o tratamento e a resolução do caso. Apesar de seu caráter benigno, o médico veterinário deve considerar o fibroma cutâneo no diagnóstico diferencial de tumores de pele. Este relato tem por objetivo descrever um caso incomum de fibroma de grandes dimensões, na região escapular de uma vaca, com ênfase aos aspectos clínico-cirúrgicos e anatomopatológicos. Case: Foi atendida em uma propriedade rural no município de Lagamar-MG, Brasil, uma vaca Girolando 3/4, de três anos de idade. Segundo o proprietário, o animal apresentou uma pequena neoformação na região escapular direita, que cresceu progressivamente ao longo de um ano e seis meses. Ao exame clínico, constatou-se aumento de volume exuberante e indolor à palpação na região proximal do membro torácico direito que, em seu eixo vertical, se estendia da extremidade proximal da escápula até próximo à tuberosidade do olécrano e, em seu eixo horizontal se estendia do 6º espaço intercostal até a articulação escápulo-umeral, alcançando as dimensões 66×62 cm, respectivamente. Apresentava multinodulação, consistência firme e extensas áreas de ulceração. Suspeitou-se de neoplasia e optou-se pela exérese cirúrgica. A vaca foi sedada e contida em decúbito lateral esquerdo. Foi realizada tricotomia e antissepsia do campo operatório e, em seguida, bloqueio anestésico infiltrativo ao redor do tumor. Efetuou-se a exérese do tumor mantendo margem de segurança de 1 cm. Não foi possível realizar a dermorrafia e aguardou-se a cicatrização por segunda intenção. No pós-operatório, realizaram-se antibioticoterapia com penicilina benzatina, analgesia com meloxicam e dipirona e curativos diários da ferida. Não houve complicações pós-operatórias e a cicatrização completa ocorreu aproximadamente 100 dias após a cirurgia. Um ano após o procedimento cirúrgico, o proprietário informou que a vaca não apresentava recidiva da neoplasia. O tumor removido pesava 11,2 Kg e, ao corte, apresentava conformação sólida e coloração brancacenta. Fragmentos tumorais foram colhidos, fixados com formalina a 10% e encaminhados para exame histopatológico que revelou neoproliferação de marcante densidade celular, composta por denso tecido conjuntivo fibrocolagenoso bem vascularizado, disposto em feixes multidirecionais e padrão ondular. Identificou-se discreto pleomorfismo celular e não foram observadas figuras de mitose. A coloração Alcian Blue foi negativa para a identificação de mucopolissacarídeos, diferentemente do observado ao Tricômico de Masson, em que o tecido fibrocolagenoso foi amplamente corado em azul. Diante dos achados, estabeleceu-se o diagnóstico de fibroma cutâneo. Discussion: Fibromas cutâneos são neoplasias benignas de tecido fibroso, que são incomuns em bovinos e podem estar associadas ao papilomavírus bovino e/ou a traumatismos. Embora a origem do fibroma cutâneo não tenha sido identificada, o presente relato se destaca pela grande dimensão da massa tumoral. A completa cicatrização da ferida cirúrgica, a ausência de recidiva após um ano da cirurgia e o retorno do animal à produção leiteira demonstram que o tratamento cirúrgico foi adequado. As características macro e microscópicas do fibroma cutâneo deste caso corroboram outros casos encontrados na literatura. O fibroma cutâneo de grandes dimensões em bovinos é incomum, podendo dificultar a exérese cirúrgica e prolongar o tempo de cicatrização, assim como a completa recuperação do animal. Ainda, é relevante o diagnóstico diferencial com outras neoplasias de origem fibroblástica, especialmente as de comportamento biológico maligno, como fibrossarcoma e mixossarcoma

WaveMIMO Methodology : Numerical Wave Generation of a Realistic Sea State

This paper presents a methodology that allows the numerical simulation of realistic sea waves, called WaveMIMO methodology, which is based on the imposition of transient discrete data as prescribed velocity on a finite volume computational model developed in Fluent software. These transient data are obtained by using the spectral wave model TOMAWAC, where the wave spectrum is converted into a series of free surface elevations treated and processed as wave propagation velocities in the horizontal (x) and vertical (z) directions. The processed discrete transient data of wave propagation velocity are imposed as boundary conditions of a wave channel in Fluent, allowing the numerical simulation of irregular waves with realistic characteristics. From a case study that reproduces the sea state occurring on March 31st, 2014, in Ingleses Beach, in the city of Florianópolis, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, it was concluded that the WaveMIMO methodology can properly reproduce realistic conditions of a sea state. In sequence, the proposed methodology was employed to numerically simulate the incidence of irregular realistic waves over an oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy converter (WEC). From these results, the WaveMIMO methodology has proved to be a promising technique to numerically analyze the fluid-dynamic behavior of WECs subjected to irregular waves of realistic sea state on any coastal region where the device can be installed

Prejuízo da função muscular e alterações psicológicas em idosos de comunidade atendidos em unidades básicas de saúde / Muscle function impairment and psychological changes in community dwelling elderly people treated at basic health units

Introdução: A sarcopenia estão associadas à inatividade física, incapacidade e piora da qualidade de vida. Os transtornos depressivos também estão fortemente associados à inatividade e comprometimento funcional fazendo com que o idoso tenha incapacidade para realização de atividades que demandem esforço físico, causando frustração, que pode levá-lo a depressão. Objetivos: Objetivou-se avaliar a ocorrência de pré-sarcopenia e a depressão em idosos residentes na zona urbana e atendidos pelas unidades de saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com 285 idosos realizado nas unidades básicas de saúde dos municípios de Cuiabá e Várzea Grande. Os indivíduos foram avaliados quanto ao estado nutricional pelo IMC, MAN, peso e altura. Na avaliação da pré-sacrcopenia foi utilizado o questionário SARC-F e a aferição da circunferência da panturrilha (CP). Para a avaliação do estresse e depressão foi utilizado questionário com perguntas relacionadas aos problemas psicológicos. Resultados: Foram analisados 285 idosos de 12 unidades de saúde, com idade média de 70,0 ±8 anos e maioria do sexo feminino.  A frequência de sarcopênicos foi de 35,8%, sendo um pouco maior em mulheres (79,41%), sendo que 37,8% apresentavam perda de massa muscular. A depressão grave foi estatisticamente maior entre os pré-sarcopenicos. Conclusão: Em conclusão, neste estudo foi observada alta prevalência de pré-sarcopenia, destacando sua ocorrência entre as mulheres, sendo a depressão mais prevalente entre os pré-sarcopênicos

ACESSIBILIDADE EDUCACIONAL NA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA E A LEI 13.409/2016

O presente trabalho trata da problemática da acessibilidade educacional na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). Tem como objetivo apresentar as ações desenvolvidas na UFSC frente às demandas dos estudantes com deficiência no tocante aos aspectos acadêmicos e apresentar, também, as políticas públicas e institucionais de acessibilidade educacional em vigor. Por meio de um estudo de caso, feito a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental com abordagem qualitativa e orientação descritiva, serão expostas as mudanças ocasionadas pela Lei nº 13.409 de 28 de dezembro de 2016. Lei, esta, que reservou vagas para pessoas com deficiência nos cursos técnicos de nível médio e nos cursos de nível superior das instituições federais de ensino e foi adotada pela UFSC a partir do Vestibular 2018