97 research outputs found
Kinetic and stoichiometric characterization of anoxic sulfideoxidation by SO-NR mixed cultures from anoxic biotrickling filters.
Monitoring the biological activity in biotrickling
filters is difficult since it implies estimating biomass concentration
and its growth yield, which can hardly be measured in
immobilized biomass systems. In this study, the characterization
of a sulfide-oxidizing nitrate-reducing biomass obtained
from an anoxic biotrickling filter was performed through the
application of respirometric and titrimetric techniques. Previously,
the biomass was maintained in a continuous stirred tank
reactor under steady-state conditions resulting in a growth
yield of 0.328±0.045 g VSS/g S. To properly assess biological
activity in respirometric tests, abiotic assays were conducted
to characterize the stripping of CO2 and sulfide. The
global mass transfer coefficient for both processes was estimated.
Subsequently, different respirometric tests were performed:
(1) to solve the stoichiometry related to the autotrophic
denitrification of sulfide using either nitrate or nitrite as
electron acceptors, (2) to evaluate the inhibition caused by
nitrite and sulfide on sulfide oxidation, and (3) to propose,
calibrate, and validate a kinetic model considering both
electron acceptors in the overall anoxic biodesulfurization
process. The kinetic model considered a Haldane-type equation
to describe sulfide and nitrite inhibitions, a non-competitive
inhibition to reflect the effect of sulfide on the elemental
sulfur oxidation besides single-step denitrification since no
nitrite was produced during the biological assays
Rituximab for Children with Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Systematic Review
BACKGROUND: Rituximab has been widely used off-label as a second line treatment for children with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). However, its role in the management of pediatric ITP requires clarification. To understand and interpret the available evidence, we conducted a systematic review to assess the efficacy and safety of rituximab for children with ITP. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, abstract databases of American Society of Hematology, American Society of Clinical Oncology and Pediatric Academic Society. Clinical studies published in full text or abstract only in any language that met predefined inclusion criteria were eligible. Efficacy analysis was restricted to studies enrolling 5 or more patients. Safety was evaluated from all studies that reported data of toxicity. 14 studies (323 patients) were included for efficacy assessment in children with primary ITP. The pooled complete response (platelet count â„ 100 Ă 10(9)/L) and response (platelet count â„ 30 Ă 10(9)/L) rate after rituximab treatment were 39% (95% CI, 30% to 49%) and 68% (95%CI, 58% to 77%), respectively, with median response duration of 12.8 month. 4 studies (29 patients) were included for efficacy assessment in children with secondary ITP. 11 (64.7%) of 17 patients associated with Evans syndrome achieved response. All 6 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus associated ITP and all 6 patients with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome associated ITP achieved response. 91 patients experienced 108 adverse events associated with rituximab, among that, 91 (84.3%) were mild to moderate, and no death was reported. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Randomized controlled studies on effect of rituximab for children with ITP are urgently needed, although a series of uncontrolled studies found that rituximab resulted in a good platelet count response both in children with primary and children secondary ITP. Most adverse events associated with rituximab were mild to moderate, and no death was reported
Practical consensus guidelines for the management of enuresis
Despite the high prevalence of enuresis, the professional training of doctors in the evaluation and management of this condition is often minimal and/or inconsistent. Therefore, patient care is neither optimal nor efficient, which can have a profound impact on affected children and their families. Once comprehensive history taking and evaluation has eliminated daytime symptoms or comorbidities, monosymptomatic enuresis can be managed efficaciously in the majority of patients. Non-monosymptomatic enuresis is often a more complex condition; these patients may benefit from referral to specialty care centers. We outline two alternative strategies to determine the most appropriate course of care. The first is a basic assessment covering only the essential components of diagnostic investigation which can be carried out in one office visit. The second strategy includes several additional evaluations including completion of a voiding diary, which requires extra time during the initial consultation and two office visits before treatment or specialty referral is provided. This should yield greater success than first-line treatment. Conclusion: This guideline, endorsed by major international pediatric urology and nephrology societies, aims to equip a general pediatric practice in both primary and secondary care with simple yet comprehensive guidelines and practical tools (i.e., checklists, diary templates, and quick-reference flowcharts) for complete evaluation and successful treatment of enuresis
Atividade proteolĂtica de bactĂ©rias psicrotrĂłficas em leites estocados em diferentes temperaturas
International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis
Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICARâRS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICARâRSâ2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidenceâbased findings of the document. Methods: ICARâRS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidenceâbased reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidenceâbased reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICARâRSâ2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidenceâbased management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICARâRSâ2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidenceâbased recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS
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