Evaluation of the resistance of medicago breeding samples to the action of abiotic stressors at the early stages of ontogenesis

New knowledge was obtained about the relationship between the parameters of photosynthesis, transpiration and dark respiration in alfalfa varieties of various ecological and geographical origin at the early stages of ontogenesis, depending on the intensity of abiotic stressors: salinity conditions (0.3 M NaCl) and various intensity of photosynthetically active radiation (from 0 to 1500 mol*m−2 s−1). Purpose of the work: assessment of the potential resistance of alfalfa varieties and breeding samples to abiotic stressors for breeding for adaptability. To determine the parameters of gas exchange of cotyledon leaves of alfalfa varieties, a portable system for measuring plant gas exchange LI-6800, LI-COR, USA was used. The results of a two-way ANOVA analysis of the influence of the salinity factor and illumination conditions on the resulting signs of gas exchange parameters showed that the proportion of the influence of the genotype of breeding samples on the studied effective signs associated with the operation of the photosynthetic apparatus (the intensity of CO2 assimilation and the intercellular concentration of CO2) ranged from 7.25 to 21.35%; associated with water exchange parameters (transpiration and stomatal conductivity for H2O) varied from 18.80 to 19.84%. Selected breeding samples of alfalfa with high resistance of the photosynthetic apparatus to abiotic stressors

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Evaluation of the resistance of medicago breeding samples to the action of abiotic stressors at the early stages of ontogenesis

New knowledge was obtained about the relationship between the parameters of photosynthesis, transpiration and dark respiration in alfalfa varieties of various ecological and geographical origin at the early stages of ontogenesis, depending on the intensity of abiotic stressors: salinity conditions (0.3 M NaCl) and various intensity of photosynthetically active radiation (from 0 to 1500 mol*m−2 s−1). Purpose of the work: assessment of the potential resistance of alfalfa varieties and breeding samples to abiotic stressors for breeding for adaptability. To determine the parameters of gas exchange of cotyledon leaves of alfalfa varieties, a portable system for measuring plant gas exchange LI-6800, LI-COR, USA was used. The results of a two-way ANOVA analysis of the influence of the salinity factor and illumination conditions on the resulting signs of gas exchange parameters showed that the proportion of the influence of the genotype of breeding samples on the studied effective signs associated with the operation of the photosynthetic apparatus (the intensity of CO2 assimilation and the intercellular concentration of CO2) ranged from 7.25 to 21.35%; associated with water exchange parameters (transpiration and stomatal conductivity for H2O) varied from 18.80 to 19.84%. Selected breeding samples of alfalfa with high resistance of the photosynthetic apparatus to abiotic stressors

Optical-microphysical and physical-chemical characteristics of Siberian biomass burning: Experiments in Aerosol Chamber.

A series of experiments aimed at studying the effect of combustion regimes of typical Siberian biomasses on the optical, microphysical, and physical-chemical properties of smoke aerosols was performed in the Large Aerosol Chambe, Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. A comprehensive data analysis showed that temperature regime of Siberian pine and coniferous tree burning has a key effect on the formation and time dynamics of all smoke characteristics. The polarization spectronephelometer measurements of light scattering are used to determine the size distributions and absorption indices of particles. Particles in the smoldering phase are weakly absorbing, but the mixed phase contains a strongly absorbing fine component produced in open flame phases. We studied microstructure characteristics of aerosols by the analysis of morphology and elemental composition. Groups of soot and organic particles were determined as micromarkers of emissions in open flaming and smoldering phases, respectively. The organic and elemental carbon contents, origin and concentration of chemical compounds in the water-soluble ion fraction exhibit a strong dependence on the combustion phase. Sugar anhydride (levoglucosan) was determined in the smoldering phase as a stable molecular marker of Siberian pine burning. A number of specific markers of coniferous wood burning were identified among the chemical compounds. Smoke aging is accompanied by condensation of organic and inorganic compounds, transformation of aerosol surface chemistry, and the formation of the group of potassium-rich particles, all demonstrating the complexity and variability of the chemical composition and microstructure of atmospheric aerosol pollution during Siberian forest fires