Cortical plasticity elicited by acoustically cued monetary losses: An ERP study

Both human and animal studies have demonstrated remarkable findings of experience-induced plasticity in the cortex. Here, we investigated whether the widely used monetary incentive delay (MID) task changes the neural processing of incentive cues that code expected monetary outcomes. We used a novel auditory version of the MID task, where participants responded to acoustic cues that coded expected monetary losses. To investigate task-induced brain plasticity, we presented incentive cues as deviants during passive oddball tasks before and after two sessions of the MID task. During the oddball task, we recorded the mismatch-related negativity (MMN) as an index of cortical plasticity. We found that two sessions of the MID task evoked a significant enhancement of MMN for incentive cues that predicted large monetary losses, specifically when monetary cue discrimination was essential for maximising monetary outcomes. The task-induced plasticity correlated with the learning-related neural activity recorded during the MID task. Thus, our results confirm that the processing of (loss)incentive auditory cues is dynamically modulated by previously learned monetary outcomes

Adsorptive Voltammetry of 4-chlordehydromethyltestosterone

The article presents the results of the study of the electrochemical behavior of the anabolic steroid 4-chlordehydromethyltestosterone. The studies detected operating conditions for the voltammetric determination of anabolic glassy carbon electrode. The influence of such factors as pH, supporting electrolyte, the electrolysis and adsorption component on the analytical signal of the analyte was studied. The algorithm of sample preparation is presented and conditions for the quantitative determination of the active ingredient of the drug “Turinabol” by voltammetry is proposed. The evaluation of the proposed method accuracy was conducted

Use of Physicochemical Method for Evaluation of Mucilage Producing Ability of the Linum Usitatissimum L. Seeds

Abstract In the modern medicine of many European countries flax is used as a medicament with a wide range of use. Wholesome effect of flax seeds is determined by the large amount of enveloping substances. This property is connected with content of mucilage up to 10% and glycoside linamarin. Flaxseed polysaccharides also possess antiinflammatory effect. Furthermore, mucilage production can be a chemosystematic characteric of intraspecific taxons. In literature intervarietal variability data is limited. Therefore, comparative evaluation of mucilage producing ability of flax seeds with different morphotypes is of interest. The research of micromorphological characteristics of seed coat and mucilage production dynamics was carried out and it was established that mucilage-producing cells are localized predominantly in the external layer of seed coat. It was established that Bahmalskiy, Nebesnyj, Kustanayskiy yantar varieties possess the highest level of mucilage production. Morphotype and varietal specificity of mucilage production are determined, consequently it can be used as a marker feature of L. usitatissimum new forms. The proposed technique is based on the determination of seed physicochemical characteristics and can be used for express analysis of the vegetal samples and their differentiation by the directions of use: as a fatty oil or mucilage-containing raw material. Keywords: Linum usitatissimum L. varieties, seeds, mucilage production, hydration dynamics, physicochemical method

Nephelometric Method for Determination of Growth Parameters of Chlorella Culture

Nephelometric method for the determination of growth parameters of chlorella culture using a photoelectric colorimeter was described. Use of photoelectric colorimeter for cell counting in suspension requires periodic calibration of meter readings using chlorella standard culture (with a certain cell concentration). Chlorella vulgaris IPPAS С-66, IPPAS С-111 and IPPAS С-2019 strains served as object of research. Density of initial in vitro suspensions (after inoculation) was 0.9 mln cells/ml. Cultivation was carried out during 12 days on a Hoagland medium with a pH of 7 (temperature of 35∘C, illumination of 10 klx). Sample selection for analysis and measurement was carried out daily, three times per day. Based on the obtained data, readings of photoelectric colorimeter KFK-3.01 were calibrated via direct count of chlorella cells quantity in Goryaev’s chamber. Use of calibration curve made it possible to reduce significantly time and error in determination of cell number in suspension cultures. The proposed technique allows counting chlorella cells in the growth and development dynamics with sufficient accuracy, high sensitivity, reproducibility and speed. It can be used for comparative determination of the growth parameters of strains in vitro, standardization of suspension cultures, semi-quantitative determination of chlorella biomass in order to predict the yield of desired product

Economic concept of food development of Russian market

At present, the Russian economy is developing in the conditions of imposed sanctions on high-tech means of production by foreign countries. In this situation, the development vector is the formation of import substitution policies and the solution of food safety issues for various types of food products that are strategically important for human life. Meeting the needs of the country's population with its own production is a priority for the development of the agrarian market, which makes it possible to develop the production agrarian sector, the processing and trade sphere, to create additional jobs, thereby improving the quality and standard of living of people.peer-reviewe

Cognitive conceptualization and categorization of time definition in english, french and russian linguistics

The article is devoted to the description of linguocognitive categorization and conceptualization of time by the material of English, French and Russian languages. The process of categorization is aimed at combining similar or identical units into larger categories, and the process of conceptualization is aimed at highlighting the minimum meaningful units of human experience. The multilevel structure of the concept of TIME, due to the complementary nature of the analyzed category, is also considere

Influence of Infrastructure on Population Distribution and Socio-Economic Development of Russian Regions

Высокий уровень дивергенции в демографическом и социально-экономическом развитии является значимым барьером обеспечения устойчивого роста российской экономики. Данная статья посвящена анализу влияния уровня развития инфраструктуры на особенности размещения населения и регионального развития России. Основной исследовательской задачей являлось изучение теоретических и практических вопросов, связанных с выявлением особенностей развития инфраструктуры как фактора расселения и формирования численности населения регионов страны с учетом их миграционной привлекательности. Базовым методом исследования является поиск корреляции между уровнем инфраструктурного развития региона и особенностями размещения населения, характеризующимися его плотностью и миграционным приростом. Корреляция указанных показателей размещения населения рассчитывалась с индексами развития транспортной, энергетической, социальной, коммунальной и телекоммуникационной инфраструктуры. Для этих же индексов развития инфраструктуры была рассчитана корреляция с валовым региональным продуктом. В результате корреляционный анализ показал, что существует слабая прямая зависимость между плотностью населения региона, величиной его миграционного прироста и всеми индексами развития инфраструктуры, кроме социального. Наиболее сильная прямая зависимость наблюдается между плотностью населения регионов и индексом развития транспортной инфраструктуры. Хорошая транспортная доступность облегчает доступ населения к другим видам инфраструктуры, повышая уровень связанности территорий и их демографический потенциал. Значимость развития инфраструктуры проявляется в экономических показателях развития регионов не менее ярко, чем в социальных. Это показывает корреляция между валовым региональным продуктом и уровнем развития транспортной, телекоммуникационной и энергетической инфраструктуры. Таким образом, статистический анализ подтвердил наличие взаимосвязи между показателями инфраструктурного развития и расселением населения, хотя и не так явно, что доказывает наличие комплекса факторов, среди которых инфраструктурный не является первичным. Тем не менее, именно снятие инфраструктурных ограничений и повышение качества и доступности основных видов инфраструктуры будет способствовать преодолению как демографического, так и экономического сжатия пространства России.High divergence of demographic and socio-economic development significantly hinders the sustainable growth of the Russian economy. This article analyses the influence of infrastructure on population distribution and development of Russian regions. The study focuses on theoretical and practical issues related to identifying the features of infrastructure development as a factor of settlement and formation of population, considering the migration attractiveness of Russian regions. The research aimed to reveal a correlation between the regional infrastructure development and population distribution characterised by its density and net migration. To this end, we calculated the correlation between these indicators of population distribution and development indices of transport, energy, social, communal and telecommunications infrastructure. Additionally, the correlation between gross regional product and the same infrastructure development indices was estimated. The correlation analysis revealed the presence of a weak positive relationship between the regional population density, net migration, and all infrastructure development indices, except for social one. The strongest positive relationship is observed between the regional population density and the transport infrastructure development index. Good transport accessibility gives people easier access to other types of infrastructure and consequently increases the spatial connectivity and demographic potential of certain areas. Infrastructure development greatly influences not only social indicators of regional development but also economic ones, as shown by the correlation between gross regional product and development indices of transport, telecommunications and energy infrastructure. Thus, according to the conducted statistical analysis, the existing but weak relationship between infrastructure development indices and population distribution confirms the presence of a set of factors, where infrastructure is not the main one. Nevertheless, the removal of infrastructure constraints and an increase in the infrastructure quality and availability will help overcome both the demographic and economic contraction of Russia