Genetic determinants of resistance to hypoxia as one of the success factors in martial arts

Objective: to study the genetic selection of the EPAS1 gene (G/А, rsl867785) in a group of athletes involved in Greco-Roman wrestling with different levels of sportsmanship. Materials and methods: the genetic examination of 79 male athletes (from 7 to 25 years old) involved in Greco-Roman wrestling and 92 controls (from 7 to 30 years old) was performed. Results: the frequency of A-allele associated with better adaptation to hypoxic conditions was higher in the group of wrestlers (EPAS1*GG - 27.8% EPAS1*AG - 67.1% and EPAS1*AA - 5.1% against EPAS1*GG - 56.5% EPAS1*AG - 35.9% and EPAS1 *AA - 7.6 %. x2 = 16.7 p = 0.0002). The frequency of A-allele carriers increased with increasing level of sportsmanship of studied athletes. The increase in the frequency of minor A-allele in the subgroup of Greco-Roman wrestlers testifies to their advantage in comparison with the carriers of G-allele. Conclusions: G/A-polymorphism of the EPAS1 gene can be used in the selection and prediction of sports success in Greco-Roman wrestling

Influence of the transferred coronavirus infection on diseases of the endocrine system in athletes

Purpose: to study the effect of the transferred viral (on the example of COVID‑19) infection on the endocrine system of athletes.Materials and methods: the data of 1114 athletes (average age 22.23 ± 4.18 years) who underwent in‑depth medical examination in the period 2021–2022 were analyzed. The examination included an analysis of sports and infectious anamnesis, the results of hormonal, biochemical and instrumental studies.Results: coronavirus infection was suffered by the majority of athletes — 724 people (65 %) — in the vast majority of cases (91 %), their disease was asymptomatic or mild. 390 athletes (35 %) had no history of infection. There was a significant increase in the incidence of hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, insulin‑dependent diabetes mellitus, autoimmune thyroiditis among athletes who had a coronavirus infection when compared with athletes who were not ill. The development of endocrine diseases did not depend on the severity of the infection and was most often detected with its mild and asymptomatic course. During the examination, six cases of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus and eight cases of thyrotoxicosis were detected among athletes who had a coronavirus infection. The development of these conditions did not depend on the severity of the infection. At the same time, only 1 case of thyrotoxicosis was registered in athletes who were not ill, no new cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus were diagnosed. In the present study, no association was found between the transmitted coronavirus infection and an increase in the number of cases of nodular goiter, hyperprolactinemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Conclusion: the results of the study showed that in the long‑term period after COVID‑19, autoimmune endocrine diseases, such as primary hypothyroidism, diffuse‑toxic goiter with thyrotoxicosis, autoimmune thyroiditis, type 1 diabetes mellitus, were significantly more often manifested in athletes, which is probably associated with a cross‑lesion of autoimmunity against a background of viral infection

A Markovian event-based framework for stochastic spiking neural networks

In spiking neural networks, the information is conveyed by the spike times, that depend on the intrinsic dynamics of each neuron, the input they receive and on the connections between neurons. In this article we study the Markovian nature of the sequence of spike times in stochastic neural networks, and in particular the ability to deduce from a spike train the next spike time, and therefore produce a description of the network activity only based on the spike times regardless of the membrane potential process. To study this question in a rigorous manner, we introduce and study an event-based description of networks of noisy integrate-and-fire neurons, i.e. that is based on the computation of the spike times. We show that the firing times of the neurons in the networks constitute a Markov chain, whose transition probability is related to the probability distribution of the interspike interval of the neurons in the network. In the cases where the Markovian model can be developed, the transition probability is explicitly derived in such classical cases of neural networks as the linear integrate-and-fire neuron models with excitatory and inhibitory interactions, for different types of synapses, possibly featuring noisy synaptic integration, transmission delays and absolute and relative refractory period. This covers most of the cases that have been investigated in the event-based description of spiking deterministic neural networks

Ultrasound case of solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas

The clinical case of a rare pancreatic tumor in a 8-year-old child with hypoglycemia (decrease in blood sugar to 1,5 mmol/l) is presented. A sonographic picture of the solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas is shown. The capability of ultrasound investigation in differential diagnostics of small-size neoplasms at early stages is pointed out. The role of the Doppler's effect with color mapping in visualization of the pancreatic vascular pattern normality and at the verification of pancreatic pathological mass is described. Histological examination which identifies the cellular structure forms solid and pseudopapillary images

Хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких и COVID-19: актуальные вопросы

The problem of comorbidity of new coronaviral infection (COVID-19) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is acute, considering similarity of clinical manifestations, diagnostic difficulties, the potential severe disease course. Patients with COPD represent a vulnerable group of infected SARS-CoV-2, with a complicated disease course and frequent adverse outcome. Features of the spread of the virus limit treatment and diagnosis for patients with COPD, making it difficult to provide medical care during the pandemic. The negative results of some clinical studies of antiviral drugs for patients with COVID-19 indicate the need for a search for new drugs; for this reason, analysis of the anti-inflammatory effect on the lungs in infection COVID-19 of drugs of basic COPD therapy is promising.Актуальность проблемы коморбидности новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 и хронической обструктивной болезни легких (ХОБЛ) обусловлена схожестью клинических проявлений, сложностью диагностики, потенциальной тяжестью течения и взаимоотягощением этих патологий. Больные ХОБЛ, инфицированные SARS-CoV-2, представляют собой уязвимую группу лиц с осложненным течением и часто неблагоприятным исходом болезни. Особенности распространения вируса накладывают значительные ограничения на многочисленные диагностические и лечебные мероприятия при ХОБЛ, затрудняя оказание медицинской помощи больным данной категории в период пандемии на всех ее этапах. Необходимость поиска новых терапевтических решений продиктована отрицательными результатами текущих клинических исследований по изучению эффективности применения ряда препаратов у больных COVID-19; перспективным представляется изучение действия на SARS-CoV-2 препаратов базовой терапии ХОБЛ с доказанным противовоспалительным действием на бронхолегочную систему

Polyurethane–poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) semi- IPN–nanooxide composites

Two sets of hybrid polyurethane–poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) semi-interpenetrating polymer network–nanooxide composites with 0.25 or 3 wt% nanosilica or nanoalumina functionalised with OH, NH2 or CHLCH2 groups were prepared. A combination of atomic force microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermally stimulated depolarisation current measurement, differential scanning calorimetry and creep rate spectroscopy analysis of the nanostructure and properties of the composites was performed. The pronounced dynamic heterogeneity and the strong impact of oxide additives, basically suppression of the dynamics and temperature-dependent increasing modulus of elasticity, were observed. The effects correlated with either interfacial interactions (for silica) or the nanostructure (for alumina). A low oxide content strongly affected the matrix due to the formation of an unusual cross-linked, via double covalent hybridisation of three components, structure of the nanocomposites

Epidemiological features of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (literature review)

Primary-progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) is characterized by progressive accuimulation of neurological deficit without exacerbations and remissions. Pathomorphological studies indicate the predominance of neurodegenerative processes over the inflammatory. PPRS points to worse prognosis compared with remitting and secondary-progressive MS. Immunomodulatory treatment and courses of corticosteroids are not effective. There are no genetic and immunological markers of PPRS, so the results of epidemiological studies are very important.Первично-прогрессирующий рассеянный склероз (ППРС) характеризуется прогрессирующим нарастанием неврологического дефицита с момента дебюта заболевания, без четких обострений и ремиссий. Патоморфологически нейродегенеративные процессы преобладают над воспалительными. При ППРС отмечается худший прогноз, в сравнении с ремитирующим и вторично-прогрессирующим PC, известные препараты, изменяющие течение рассеянного склероза (ПИТРС) и курсы кортикостероидов не эффективны. До сих пор не существует генетических и иммунологических маркеров ППРС, в связи с чем результаты эпидемиологических исследований имеют важное научное значение

What is the frequency of occurrence of preeclampsia and eclampsia in Perm region

The article presents an analysis of the official statistical data on the morbidity of preeclampsia and eclampsia for the period from 2006 to 2016 in the Perm region in comparison with the data of the Russian Federation and the Volga Federal district. The obtained results show a multidirectional tendency of morbidity in different regions of the Russian Federation according to data of outpatient and inpatient departments. Thus, according to data of maternity hospitals in the Russian Federation in 2016 the morbidity of preeclampsia and eclampsia was 32.25 per 1,000 births. This morbidity rate remains relatively stable in the Russian Federation and the Volga Federal district for the period from 2007 to 2016. At the same time in the Perm region it has a tendency to increase while in Perm it decreases (decrease 19%). Based on the results of the analysis, the effectiveness of implementation of modern orders and clinical guidelines is shown.В статье представлен анализ официальных статистических данных заболеваемости преэклампсией и эклампсией за период с 2006 по 2016 г. по Пермскому краю в сравнении с показателями по российской Федерации и Приволжскому Федеральному округу. Полученные результаты показывают разнонаправленную тенденцию заболеваемости в различных субъектах РФ по данным амбулаторного, так и стационарного звена. так, в 2016 г. по сведениям акушерских стационаров в Российской Федерации заболеваемость преэклампсией и эклампсией составила 32,3 на 1000 родов. За период 2007-2016 гг. данный показатель по российской Федерации и Приволжскому Федеральному округу остается относительно стабильным. В это же время по Пермскому краю он имеет тенденцию к росту, а в г. Пермь прогрессивно снижается (убыль 19%). По результатам анализа показана эффективность внедрения современных порядков и клинических рекомендаций

The young active star SAO 51891 (V383 Lac)

Our aim is investigating surface inhomogeneities of the young late-type star SAO51891, from photosphere to upper chromosphere, analyzing contemporaneous high-resolution spectra and broad-band photometry. The FOCES@CAHA spectral range is used to determine spectral classification and derive vsini and Vrad. The Li abundance is measured to estimate the age. The BVRIJHKs bands are used to construct the SED. The variations of our BV fluxes and Teff are used to infer the presence of photospheric spots and observe their behavior over time. The chromospheric activity is studied applying the spectral subtraction technique to Halpha, CaII H&K, Heps, and CaII IRT lines. We find SAO51891 to be a young K0-1V star with Li abundance close to the Pleiades upper envelope, confirming its youth (~100 Myr), also inferred from its kinematical membership to the Local Association. We detect no IR excess from SED analysis, and rotational modulation of luminosity, Teff, CaII, and Heps total fluxes. A spot model with two active regions, ~240 K cooler than the surrounding photosphere, fits our light/Teff curves, and reproduces the small-amplitude Vrad variations. The anti-correlation of light curves and chromospheric diagnostics indicates plages spatially associated with spots. The large amplitude observed in the Heps-flux curve suggests that this line is very sensitive to the plage presence. Finally, SAO51891 is a young active star, lacking significant amounts of circumstellar dust or any evidence for low mass companions. The spots turn out to be larger and warmer than those in less active MS stars. The Vrad variation produced by spots has an amplitude comparable with those induced by Jupiter-mass planets orbiting close to the star. SAO51891 is a good example of star where the detection of planets may be hampered by the high activity level.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, 7 tables, accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysics; abstract here was shortene

Bale's concentric sclerosis (clinical cases)

The Balo's concentric sclerosis (BCS) is a rare form of multiple sclerosis (MS), characterized by the formation in the white matter of the brain concentric foci of demyelination by type of “annual rings at the end of the tree" with alternating layers of remyelination and demyelination. Modern diagnosis of the disease based on MRI with intravenous contrast. Clinical cases confirm the similarity of the clinical syndromes of Balo's concentric sclerosis and MS, but also demonstrate specific sindromokomplex. The onset of the disease was characterized by the predominance pronounced cognitive impairment with speech disorders by type total motor or sensory, amnestic aphasia with impaired praxis and visual gnosis, acalculia, in one case with psychotic disorders in the form of irritability, aggression, high levels of anxiety. At the onset of disease was noticed in all cases cephalgic syndrome without change in the CSF and the relationship with stress. The pyramidal syndrome and cerebellar dysfunction were of low severity and regressed on the background of SCS therapy. Pulse therapy with steroids made it possible to achieve not only stabilize, but also positive dynamics in clinical symptoms and MRI picture.Концентрический склероз Бало (КСБ) - редкая форма рассеянного склероза (PC), характеризующаяся формированием в белом веществе головного мозга концентрических очагов демиелинизации по типу «годичных колец на спиле дерева» с чередующимися слоями ремиелинизации и демиелинизации. Современная диагностика заболевания основана на MPT- исследовании с введением контраста. Приведенные в статье клинические наблюдения подтверждают схожесть клинических синдромов при концентрическом склерозе Бало и PC, но демонстрируют и специфические синдромокомплексы. Начало заболевания характеризовалось преобладанием выраженных когнитивных нарушений с речевыми расстройствами по типу тотальной моторной или сенсорной, амнестической афазии с нарушением праксиса и зрительного гнозиса, акалькулии, в одном случае с психотическими нарушениями в виде раздражительности, агрессии с высоким уровнем тревожности. В деб те заболевания во всех случаях отмечен цефалгический синдром без изменений в СМЖ и связь со стрессом. Синдромы пирамидной недостаточности и мозжечковой дисфункции имели малую степень выраженности и регрессировали на фоне ГКС терапии. Пульс-терапия стероидами позволяла достичь не только стабилизации состояния, но и положительной динамики, как в клинической симптоматике, так по МРТ-картине