Transition metal ions at the crossroads of mucosal immunity and microbial pathogenesis.

Transition metal ions are essential micronutrients for all living organisms. In mammals, these ions are often protein-bound and sequestered within cells, limiting their availability to microbes. Moreover, in response to infection, mammalian hosts further reduce the availability of metal nutrients by activating epithelial cells and recruiting neutrophils, both of which release metal-binding proteins with antimicrobial function. Microorganisms, in turn, have evolved sophisticated systems to overcome these limitations and acquire the metal ions essential for their growth. Here we review some of the mechanisms employed by the host and by pathogenic microorganisms to compete for transition metal ions, with a discussion of how evading "nutritional immunity" benefits pathogens. Furthermore, we provide new insights on the mechanisms of host-microbe competition for metal ions in the mucosa, particularly in the inflamed gut

Integral Field Spectroscopy of the inner kpc of the elliptical galaxy NGC 5044

We used Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) in the Integral Field Unit mode to map the stellar population, emission line flux distributions and gas kinematics in the inner kpc of NGC 5044. From the stellar populations synthesis we found that the continuum emission is dominated by old high metallicity stars ($\sim$13 Gyr, 2.5Z$\odot$). Also, its nuclear emission is diluted by a non thermal emission, which we attribute to the presence of a weak active galactic nuclei (AGN). In addition, we report for the first time a broad component (FWHM$\sim$ 3000km$s^{-1}$) in the H$\alpha$ emission line in the nuclear region of NGC 5044. By using emission line ratio diagnostic diagrams we found that two dominant ionization processes coexist, while the nuclear region (inner 200 pc) is ionized by a low luminosity AGN, the filamentary structures are consistent with being excited by shocks. The H$\alpha$ velocity field shows evidence of a rotating disk, which has a velocity amplitude of $\sim$240kms$^{-1}$ at $\sim$ 136 pc from the nucleus. Assuming a Keplerian approach we estimated that the mass inside this radius is $1.9\times10^9$ $M_{\odot}$, which is in agreement with the value obtained through the M-$\sigma$ relation, $M_{SMBH}=1.8\pm1.6\times10^{9}M_{\odot}$. Modelling the ionized gas velocity field by a rotating disk component plus inflows towards the nucleus along filamentary structures, we obtain a mass inflow rate of $\sim$0.4 M$_\odot$. This inflow rate is enough to power the central AGN in NGC 5044.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, accepted by MNRA

O Que Se Sabe Sobre A Preparação Do Ator Profissional Elisabetano E Jacobino Para Cada Espetáculo?

Resumo: O presente artigo apresenta um cotejo de três perspectivas distintas (Gurr, Stern e Astington) a respeito dos manuscritos responsáveis pela transposição das peças de poetas como William Shakespeare e Ben Jonhson, por exemplo, ao palco e sobre o modo de preparação dos atores de companhias profissionais elisabetanas e jacobinas. O intuito da pesquisa é refletir sobre o trabalho dos atores, que em princípio pareceriam ser constrangidos na sua criação, e discorrer sobre particularidades reveladas pelos documentos encontrados pelos estudiosos acima sobre a organização do espetá culo no período.Palavras-chave: teatro contemporâneo; dramaturgia; intertextualidade7785-10

Blood-red: dialogues between Luiza Romão and Lupe Gómez

This study traces dialogues between the poetry of Lupe Gómez and Luiza Romão, in order to verify how they subvert oppressive logics and place themselves as subjects of their discourses. In their poetics, the female body is seen as a literary tool that breaks with naturalised and reductive aesthetic and social structures. The paratexts of the poets will be analysed, either as poems from their works Sangria (2017), by Luiza Romão, and Os teus dedos na miña braga con regra (1999) and O útero dos cabalos (2005) by Lupe GómezEste estudo traça diálogos entre a poesia de Lupe Gómez e Luiza Romão para verificar de que maneira elas subvertem lógicas opressoras e como se colocam como sujeito de seus discursos. Em suas poéticas, o corpo feminino é visto como ferramenta literária que rompe com estruturas estéticas e sociais naturalizadas e reducionistas. Serão analisados os poemas das obras: Sangria (2017), de Luiza Romão; Os teus dedos na miña braga con regra (1999) e O útero dos cabalos(2005), de Lupe Gómez

From the Shadow to the Light: Navigating Life as a Mother with a History of Substance Use and Parenting a Child Healing from Early Childhood Trauma

We report on an innovative in-patient residential recovery program that serves as a model for those who treat low-income women with substance use and psychiatric problems and their children. The case discussed details the psychotherapeutic treatment of a mother and child that was carried out within the protection of the program’s seeking safety, trauma informed model of care. The treatment demonstrates the sensitive care that is needed when working with a young child with a history of early childhood trauma and the favorable ways that holding the mother in mind freed her to be emotionally available to her son. In this situation, the therapist provided an emotionally-attuned interpersonal therapeutic relationship and created features of safety in the environment that helped the child develop an emerging reorganized protective structure to safely explore his fears. The mother and child can follow a course of recovery from traumatic experiences within the context of favorable conditions, thereby interrupting the intergenerational dynamics of early relational trauma

A África pra gente

ResumoO presente artigo traz reflexões acerca de um processo pedagógico fundamentado na perspectiva da Educação para as Relações Étnico-Raciais e Educação Intercultural. Realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa que objetivou identificar e compreender processos educativos decorrentes de uma intervenção com elementos culturais de matrizes africanas junto a estudantes de uma turma de 5.º ano do Ensino Fundamental nas aulas de Educação Física. Ela foi realizada em uma escola estadual da cidade de Bauru com 26 estudantes e suas respectivas famílias. No levantamento de dados, utilizamos os cadernos de registros dos/as estudantes, os diários de campo e os questionários. Essa investigação nos permitiu compreender a relevância do ensino de jogos, brincadeiras e outros conhecimentos de matrizes africanas nas aulas de Educação Física já que contribuem para a superação de preconceitos relacionados à África e na (re)construção de outros entendimentos sobre esse continente que se mostra tão diverso.Palavras-chave: Processos Educativos. Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais. Cultura Africana e Afro-brasileira. Educação Física Escolar.Africa for usAbstractThis article reflects on a pedagogical process from the perspective of the Education for Ethnic-Racial Relations and Intercultural Education. It is a qualitative research in order to identify and understand the educational processes of an intervention using cultural elements from African backgrounds. It has involved 26 students, during the Physical Education classes, from the 5th year of the Elementary School in a State school at Bauru, SP. The research has also encompassed the students’ families. During the data collection, students’ notebooks, researchers’ field diaries and questionnaires were used. These procedures have allowed researchers to understand the relevance of teaching African games and the importance of spontaneous play activities in Physical Education classes, in order to lead students overcoming prejudices related to Africa and to (re) build their comprehension about this continent, which is so diverse.Keywords: Educational Processes. Teaching of Ethnic-Racial Relationships. African and Afro-Brazilian Culture. School Phisycal Education.África para las personas ResumenEste artículo trae reflexiones sobre un proceso pedagógico fundamentado en la perspectiva de la Educación para las Relaciones Étnico-raciales y la Educación Intercultural. Utilizamos la investigación cualitativa que tenía como objetivo identificar y comprender los procesos educativos resultantes de una intervención con elementos culturales de origen africano con estudiantes de un curso de 5to año de Enseñanza Básica en las clases de Educación Física. Se realizó en una escuela estatal en la ciudad de Bauru con 26 estudiantes y sus respectivas familias. En la recopilación de datos, utilizamos los cuadernos de registro de los(as) estudiantes, los diarios de campo y los cuestionarios. Esta investigación nos permitió comprender la relevancia de enseñar juegos y jugarretas africanas en las clases de Educación Física para contribuir a superar los preconceptos relacionados con África y en la (re)construcción de otros entendimientos sobre ese continente que muestra ser tan diverso.Palabras clave: Procesos Educativos. Educación de las Relaciones Étnico-Raciales. Cultura Africana y Afro-Brasilera. Educación Física Escolar.

Brief report: Characteristics of antidepressant use in patients with heart failure

Paul J Mills1, Joel E Dimsdale1, Suzi Hong1, Geoffrey Van Den Brande2, Laura Redwine2, Barry H Greenberg2, Thomas Rutledge11Department of Psychiatry; 2Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USABackground: Depression is common in heart failure (HF), but there is little data on the characteristics of antidepressant use in patients with HF.Objective: To survey basic information on antidepressant prescription characteristics, use, effectiveness, and follow-up.Methods: Observational study in two outpatient cardiology clinics of 37 NYHA class I–IV HF patients taking antidepressant medication.Results: Thirty-one percent of prescriptions for antidepressants were obtained from psychiatrists, 58% from primary care physicians, and 8% from cardiologists. The majority of patients (87%) reported regularly taking their antidepressant medication as prescribed, however 48% reported never having had the dosage of their antidepressant medication adjusted. Only 53% of the patients reported that the medication had helped their mood “almost entirely” or “mostly” back to normal since starting their antidepressants, while the remaining patients reported that their mood was only “halfway” or “somewhat” back to normal or that the medication had not helped their depression at all. Among a subset of 10 patients who completed the Beck Depression (BDI) inventory, 6 still had depressed mood (BDI ≥ 10).Conclusion: The findings from this survey study provide insight into the characteristics of antidepressant use in patients with HF and argue for better follow up of HF patients who are prescribed antidepressants.Keywords: heart failure, antidepressant medication, adherence, effectivenes

Developing an award program for children's settings to support healthy eating and physical activity and reduce the risk of overweight and obesity

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>This paper aimed to identify the best way to engage, motivate and support early childhood services (ECS) and primary schools (PS) to create policy and practise changes to promote healthy eating and physical activity. This information would be used to develop a suitable program to implement within these children's settings to reduce the risk of childhood overweight and obesity.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The Medical Research Council's (UK) framework for the design and evaluation of complex interventions was used to guide the development of the healthy eating and physical activity program suitable for ECS and PS. Within this framework a range of evaluation methods, including stakeholder planning, in-depth interviews with ECS and PS staff and acceptability and feasibility trials in one local government area, were used to ascertain the best way to engage and support positive changes in these children's settings.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Both ECS and PS identified that they had a role to play to improve children's healthy eating and physical activity. ECS identified their role in promoting healthy eating and physical activity as important for children's health, and instilling healthy habits for life. PS felt that these were health issues, rather than educational issues; however, schools saw the link between healthy eating and physical activity and student learning outcomes. These settings identified that a program that provides a simple guide that recognises good practise in these settings, such as an award scheme using a health promoting schools approach, as a feasible and acceptable way for them to support children's healthy eating and physical activity.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Through the process of design and evaluation a program - <it>Kids - 'Go for your life'</it>, was developed to promote and support children's healthy eating and physical activity and reduce the risk of childhood overweight and obesity. <it>Kids - 'Go for your life' </it>used an award program, based on a health promoting schools approach, which was demonstrated to be a suitable model to engage ECS and PS and was acceptable and feasible to create policy and practise changes to support healthy eating and physical activity for children.</p