60 research outputs found

    25th annual computational neuroscience meeting: CNS-2016

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    The same neuron may play different functional roles in the neural circuits to which it belongs. For example, neurons in the Tritonia pedal ganglia may participate in variable phases of the swim motor rhythms [1]. While such neuronal functional variability is likely to play a major role the delivery of the functionality of neural systems, it is difficult to study it in most nervous systems. We work on the pyloric rhythm network of the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion (STG) [2]. Typically network models of the STG treat neurons of the same functional type as a single model neuron (e.g. PD neurons), assuming the same conductance parameters for these neurons and implying their synchronous firing [3, 4]. However, simultaneous recording of PD neurons shows differences between the timings of spikes of these neurons. This may indicate functional variability of these neurons. Here we modelled separately the two PD neurons of the STG in a multi-neuron model of the pyloric network. Our neuron models comply with known correlations between conductance parameters of ionic currents. Our results reproduce the experimental finding of increasing spike time distance between spikes originating from the two model PD neurons during their synchronised burst phase. The PD neuron with the larger calcium conductance generates its spikes before the other PD neuron. Larger potassium conductance values in the follower neuron imply longer delays between spikes, see Fig. 17.Neuromodulators change the conductance parameters of neurons and maintain the ratios of these parameters [5]. Our results show that such changes may shift the individual contribution of two PD neurons to the PD-phase of the pyloric rhythm altering their functionality within this rhythm. Our work paves the way towards an accessible experimental and computational framework for the analysis of the mechanisms and impact of functional variability of neurons within the neural circuits to which they belong

    Abstracts from the 3rd International Genomic Medicine Conference (3rd IGMC 2015)

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    Incidence of Third Head of Biceps Brachii in South Indian Population

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    Additional heads of the biceps brachii muscle of arm have the clinical importance, because they mislead the surgeon in arm surgical procedures. Existence of such variation is one of the reasons for neurovascular compression in the arm region. The present study was conducted to find out the incidence of third head of biceps brachii among 80 samples in South Indian population. The third head of biceps brachii was found in right side in one case which was 13.7 cm in length and arising from antero medial wall of lower part of shaft of humerus. Incidence of the study is 1.25% in South Indians. Occurrence of supernumerary third head of biceps is rare in Indian population

    Les traumatisme du rachis cervical inferieur de c3-c7 a Niamey: aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques, paracliniques, évolutifs et pronostiques de cette affection: a propos de 20 cas: The inferior cervical spine trauma c3-c7 in Niamey: epidemiological, clinical, para clinical, progressive and prognostic aspects of the condition: a 20 cases study

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    Introduction : Les traumatismes du rachis cervical constituent une pathologie de plus en plus frĂ©quente Ă  la quelle doit faire face les mĂ©decins d’urgence et les neurochirurgiens ; du fait de la recrudescence des accidents de la voie publique et des chutes. Leurs gravitĂ©s rĂ©sident dans la possibilitĂ© d’atteinte mĂ©dullaire immĂ©diate ou secondaire pouvant engager le pronostic fonctionnel lors d’une tĂ©traplĂ©gie complĂšte et dĂ©finitive; et/ou surtout vital en cas de troubles neurovĂ©gĂ©tatifs. Notre objectif est de dĂ©finir les aspects Ă©pidĂ©miologiques, cliniques, paracliniques, Ă©volutifs et pronostiques de cette affection Ă  Niamey au Niger.Patients et mĂ©thodes : Notre travail est une Ă©tude multicentrique, descriptive, Ă  recueil prospectif et rĂ©trospectif des donnĂ©es de 20 patients prĂ©sentant un traumatisme du rachis cervical infĂ©rieur de C3 Ă  C7, rĂ©alisĂ©e dans la communautĂ© urbaine de Niamey de fĂ©vrier 2011 Ă  dĂ©cembre 2018.RĂ©sultats : L’ñge moyen de nos patients est de 35 ans, nous avons notĂ© une prĂ©dominance masculine avec un sexe ratio de 5,66. Les Ă©tiologies sontdominĂ©es par les accidents de la voie publique (80%) suivis des accidents de sport (10%). Comme pratiquement dans tous les pays en voie de dĂ©veloppement, les conditions de ramassage n’étaient pas prĂ©cisĂ©es ni les premiers soins reçus sur place par les patients. Le dĂ©lai moyen d’évacuation Ă©tait de 24 heures avec des extrĂȘmes d’une heure Ă  3 semaines sur une distance moyenne de 300 km pour 80% de nos patients. La durĂ©e du sĂ©jour de nos malades en hospitalisation Ă©tait aussi trĂšs variable, elle est de 13 jours en moyenne avec des extrĂȘmes de 1 Ă  47 jours. Sur le plan clinique, tous nos patients (100%) prĂ©sentaient un syndrome rachidien variable dominĂ© par des cervicalgies spontanĂ©es ou provoquĂ©es associĂ©s Ă  des contractures de la nuque suivi ou pas de torticolis (25%) ou de nĂ©vralgies cervico-brachiales (50%). Les patients prĂ©sentaient aussi tous une symptomatologie mĂ©dullaire avec des troubles mĂ©dullo-radiculaires Ă  des degrĂ©s divers ; c’est ainsi que nous avons 30% de tĂ©traplĂ©gie complĂšte, 20% de tĂ©traplĂ©gie incomplĂšte, 20% d’hĂ©miplĂ©gie, 15% d’hĂ©miparĂ©sie, 5% de monoparĂ©sie brachiale droite, 10% de diplĂ©gie brachiale, des troubles genitosphincteriens dans 30% des cas et des troubles neuro-vĂ©gĂ©tatifs dans 10% des cas. Sur le plan des examens paracliniques, nous n’avions pratiquĂ© dans aucun cas des radiographies standards du rachis cervical. 90% des patients avaient bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© d’un scanner et seulement 10% d’une IRM. On notait une nette prĂ©dominance des atteintes de la charniĂšre vertĂ©brale C6-C7 dans 45% des cas suivis des atteintes C5-C6 dans 30%, les atteintes de C4-C5 dans 15% et enfin les atteintes de C3-C4 dans 10% des cas. Les lĂ©sions sont de sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© variables, les examens radiologiques ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© 30% de luxations pures, 25% de fracturesluxations, 20% de fractures simples, 10% de fractures comminutives, 10% de fractures tassement corporĂ©ales et 5% d’hernie discale post-traumatique. Le traitement mĂ©dical Ă©tait de rĂšgle, Ă  base d’antalgique et/ou d’anti-inflammatoire non stĂ©roĂŻdien. Certains patients avaient bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© d’une corticothĂ©rapie courte durĂ©e par voie intraveineuse, d’autres ont aussi eu un traitement anticoagulant. Tous nos patients avaient aussi bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© d’un traitement orthopĂ©dique pur consistant en une immobilisation par une minerve type collier rigide sans traction crĂąnienne. Le traitement chirurgical Ă©tait rĂ©alisĂ© par la voie d’abord antĂ©rieure chez 100% des patients. L’arthrodĂšse est suivie dans tous les cas d’une ostĂ©osynthĂšse du foyer lĂ©sionnel par la pose d’une plaque vissĂ©e. Pour l’évolution clinique et radiologique Ă  cours, moyen et long terme de nos patients elle est jugĂ©e favorable chez 50% des patients, il s’agit de 20% d’hĂ©miplĂ©gie, 15% d’hĂ©miparĂ©sie, 5% de monoparĂ©sie brachiale droite et 10% de diplĂ©gie brachiale. Par ailleurs elle est dĂ©favorable dans 25% des cas, il s’agit de 20% de tĂ©traplĂ©gie incomplĂšte et 5% d’hĂ©miplĂ©gie complĂšte. Enfin nous avons enregistrĂ© 25% de dĂ©cĂšs dans un dĂ©lai de 2 Ă  21 jours. Les facteurs pronostics dĂ©pendent de la qualitĂ© et prĂ©cocitĂ© de la prise en charge prĂ©-hospitaliĂšre ; de l’état neurologique initial.Conclusion : Le traumatisme du rachis cervical est trĂšs frĂ©quent et potentiellement grave par les consĂ©quences fonctionnelles redoutables d’unelĂ©sion mĂ©dullaire ; bien que les progrĂšs de la rĂ©animation, du nursing et de la rĂ©Ă©ducation aient diminuĂ© la mortalitĂ©. Cela justifie un bilan radiologique large mais adaptĂ© visant d’abord Ă  limiter au maximum le risque de lĂ©sion passĂ©e inaperçue.ABSTRACTIntroduction: Cervical spine trauma is an increasingly frequent pathology which emergency physicians and neurosurgeons have to face. It is mostly due to the resurgence of accidents on the public highway and falls. Their seriousness lies in the possibility of immediate or secondary spinal cord injury which can initiate the functional prognosis during a full and final tetraplegia; and / or especially vital in the case of neuro vegetative disorders. Our objective is to define epidemiological, clinical, Para clinical, progressive and prognostic aspects of the condition in Niamey to Niger. Patients and methods: This is a multi-centric, descriptive, prospective and retrospective study of data from 20 patients with trauma to the lower cervical spine from C3 to C7, carried out in the urban community of Niamey from February 2011 to December 2018.Results: The average age of our patients is 35 years. We noted a male predominance with a sex ratio of 5.66. The etiologies are dominated by accidents on the public highway (80%) followed by sports accidents (10%). As in practically all the developing countries, the conditions of collection were not specified nor the first aid received on the spot by the patients. The average evacuation time was 24 hours with extremes of one hour to 3 weeks over an average distance of 300 km for 80% of our patients. The stay period of our patients in hospital was also very variable, it is 13 days on average with extremes from 1 to 47 days. Clinically, all of our patients (100%) had variable spinal syndrome dominated by spontaneous or induced neck pain associated with neck contractures followed or not by stiff neck (25%) or cervico-brachial neuralgia (50%). Also, all the patients presented spinal cord symptoms with medullary radicular disorders to varying degrees. Thus, we have 30% complete quadriplegia, 20% incomplete quadriplegia, 20% hemiplegia, 15% hemiparesis, 5% right brachial monoparesis, 10% brachial diplegia, genito-sphincter disorders 30% of cases and neuro-vegetative disorders 10% of cases. In terms of Para clinical examinations, we had in no case performed standard x-rays of the cervical spine. 90% of the patients had undergone a CT scan and only 10% of MRI. There was a clear predominance of attacks on the C6-C7 vertebral hinge in 45% of cases followed by C5-C6 attacks in 30%, C4-C5 attacks in 15% and finally C3-C4 attacks in 10% of case. The lesions are of varying severity, radiological examinations revealed 30% of pure dislocations, 25% of fractures dislocations, 20% of simple fractures, 10% of comminuted fractures, 10% of fractures of the body and 5% of post disc herniation - traumatic. Medical treatment was standard, based on analgesic and / or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Some patients had received corticosteroids short route intravenously, the others have also had anticoagulant treatment. All patients had also gone through orthopedic pure treatment consisting of an immobilization by a brace-type rigid collar without skull traction. Surgical treatment was performed by the anterior approach in 100% of the patients. The arthrodesis is followed in all cases by an osteosynthesis of the lesion focus by the installation of a screwed plate. For changing clinical and radiological medium and long-term courses of our patients, it is considered favorable in 50% of patients, it is of 20% of hemiplegia, 15% hemiparesis, 5% of monoparesis brachial right and 10% brachial diplegia. In addition, it is unfavorable in 25% of cases, 20% of incomplete quadriplegia and 5% of complete hemiplegia. Finally, we recorded 25 % death from 2 to 21 days. Prognostic factors depend on the quality and earliness of pre- hospital care of the initial neurological state. Conclusion: Cervical spine trauma is very frequent and potentially serious due to the severe functional consequences of a spinal cord injury though advances in resuscitation, nursing, and rehabilitation have reduced mortality. This justifies a broad but appropriate radiological assessment aimed first at minimizing the risk of injury that has gone unnoticed

    Rodent-borne Trypanosoma from cities and villages of Niger and Nigeria : a special role for the invasive genus Rattus ?

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    Although they are known to sometimes infect humans, atypical trypanosomes are very poorly documented, especially in Africa where one lethal case has yet been described. Here we conducted a survey of rodent-borne Trypanosoma in 19 towns and villages of Niger and Nigeria, with a special emphasis on Niamey, the capital city of Niger. The 1298 rodents that were captured yielded 189 qPCR-positive animals from 14 localities, thus corresponding to a 14.6% overall prevalence. Rats, especially black rats, displayed particularly elevated prevalence (27.4%), with some well sampled sites showing 40-50% and up to 68.8% of Trypanosoma-carrying individuals. Rattus were also characterized by significantly lower Ct values than in the other non-Rattus species. DNA sequences could be obtained for 43 rodent-borne Trypanosoma and corresponded to 41 T. lewisi (all from Rattus) and 2 T. microti (from Cricetomys gambianus). These results, together with data compiled from the available literature, suggest that Rattus may play a particular role for the maintaining and circulation of Trypanosoma, especially T. lewisi, in Africa. Taken into account its strong abilities to invade coastal and inland regions of the continent, we believe that this genus deserves a particular attention in regards to potentially under-looked but emerging atypical trypanosome-related diseases

    Epilepsie refractaire secondaire generalisee revelatrice d’un meningiome frontobasal : a propos d’un cas clinique et revue de la litterature: Generalized secondary refractory epilepsy revealing fronto-basal meningioma: a clinical case study and literature review

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    Etaient considĂ©rĂ©s strictement comme rĂ©pondant aux critĂšres d’épilepsie rĂ©fractaire les patients ayant reçu au moins 2 antiĂ©pileptiques et suivis sur une durĂ©e d’au moins 24 mois. Les auteurs rapportent un cas d’épilepsie secondaire gĂ©nĂ©ralisĂ©e rĂ©fractaire rĂ©vĂ©latrice d’un mĂ©ningiome fronto-basal. L’intĂ©rĂȘt de notre observation rĂ©side surtout sur le caractĂšre rĂ©fractaire de l’épilepsie qui ne cĂšde pas malgrĂ© la chirurgie avec une revue de la littĂ©rature internationale. Le patient est toujours sous antiĂ©pileptiques 5 ans aprĂšs le diagnostic et l’intervention chirurgicale. Le diagnostic est Ă©lectro-clinique et scanographique. Un abord transcrĂąnien a permis la cure complĂšte du mĂ©ningiome. L’évolution est favorable avec rĂ©solution Ă  80% des troubles Ă©pileptiques, une amĂ©lioration trĂšs sensible de la qualitĂ© de vie du patient.SUMMARYWere considered strictly as meeting the criteria for refractory epilepsy, patients having received at least two (2) antiepileptic drugs and followed for a period of at least 24 months. The authors report a case of generalized secondary refractory epilepsy indicative of a fronto-basal meningioma. The target of our observation lies above all in the refractory character of epilepsy, which still occurs despite surgery with international literature review. The patient is still on antiepileptic drugs 5 years after diagnosis and surgery. The diagnosis is electro-clinical and CT. A transcranial approach allowed the complete cure of the meningioma. The evolution is favorable with 80% resolution of seizure disorders, a very noticeable improvement in the patient's quality of life

    Forme psychiatrique d’un meningiome geant ethmoïdo-frontal (fronto-basal) : a propos d’un cas et revue de la litterature internationale: Psychiatric form of a giant ethmoido- frontal meningioma (fronto-basal): a one case study and review of international litterature

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    Les mĂ©ningiomes fronto-Ă©thmoĂŻdaux sont des mĂ©ningiomes qui s’insĂšrent d’avant en arriĂšre de l’apophyse crista-galli ou la totalitĂ© de la lame crible. En gĂ©nĂ©ral ; ils sont bilatĂ©raux, asymĂ©triques, ils prĂ©dominent d’un cote et s’insinuent sous la faux du cerveau vers le cote opposĂ©. D’évolution lente et silencieuse elles se rĂ©vĂšlent le plus souvent par des complications neuropsychiatriques surtout, ophtalmologiques et olfactifs. Les auteurs rapportent un cas de mĂ©ningiome gĂ©ant ethmoĂŻdo-frontal antĂ©rieur avec troubles psychiatriques, cĂ©phalĂ©es, baisse de l’acuitĂ© visuelle et anosmie. Le diagnostic est scanographique. Un abord transcrĂąnien a permis la cure complĂšte du mĂ©ningiome. L’évolution est favorable avec rĂ©solution complĂšte des troubles psychiatriques, une amĂ©lioration trĂšs sensible de la vision et une stabilisation de l’odorat. SUMMARYFronto-ethmoid meningiomas are meningiomas that insert back and forth of the crista-galli process or the entire cribriform plate. In general, they are bilateral, asymmetrical, and predominate on one side and creep under the scythe of the brain to the opposite side. Slow and silent, they are most often revealed by neuropsychiatric complications, especially ophthalmological and olfactory complications. Authors report a case of giant anterior ethmoidal frontal meningioma with psychiatric disorders, headache, reduced visual acuity and anosmia. The diagnosis is CT scan. A transcranial approach allowed the complete cure of the meningioma. The evolution is favorable with complete recovery of psychiatric functions, a very significant improvement in the visual and a stabilization of the sense of smell
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