Constraining modern day silicon cycling in Lake Baikal

Constraining the continental silicon cycle is a key requirement in attempts to understand both nutrient fluxes to the ocean and linkages between silicon and carbon cycling over different timescales. Silicon isotope data of dissolved silica (δ30SiDSi) are presented here from Lake Baikal and its catchment in central Siberia. As well as being the world's oldest and voluminous lake, Lake Baikal lies within the seventh largest drainage basin in the world and exports significant amounts of freshwater into the Arctic Ocean. Data from river waters accounting for c. 92% of annual river inflow to the lake suggest no seasonal alteration or anthropogenic impact on river δ30SiDSi composition. The absence of a change in δ30SiDSi within the Selenga Delta, through which 62% of riverine flow passes, suggest a net balance between biogenic uptake and dissolution in this system. A key feature of this study is the use of δ30SiDSi to examine seasonal and spatial variations in DSi utilisation and export across the lake. Using an open system model against deep water δ30SiDSi values from the lake, we estimate that 20-24% of DSi entering Lake Baikal is exported into the sediment record. Whilst highlighting the impact that lakes may have upon the sequestration of continental DSi, mixed layer δ30SiDSi values from 2003 and 2013 show significant spatial variability in the magnitude of spring bloom nutrient utilisation with lower rates in the north relative to south basin

Siliceous microfossil distribution in the surficial sediments of Lake Baikal

Examination of surficial sediments at 16 stations shows minor, but consistent differences in the numbers and kinds of siliceous microfossils deposited in different regions of Lake Baikal. There is a general north-south decreasing trend in total microfossil abundance on a weight basis. Endemic plankton diatom species are the most abundant component of assemblages at all stations. Chrysophyte cysts are present at all stations, but most forms are more abundant at northern stations. Non-endemic plankton diatom species are most abundant at southern stations. Small numbers of benthic diatoms and sponge spicules are found in all samples. Although low numbers are present in offshore sediments, the benthic diatom flora is very diverse. Principal components analysis confirms primary north-south abundance trends and suggests further differentiation by station location and depth.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/43071/1/10933_2004_Article_BF00682594.pd

RUSSIAN POPULATION'S ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY: AN INTERREGIONAL DIFFERENCES'S COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

The paper deals with comparing of early-stage entrepreneurial activity level among Russia's regions. Such a comparison is becoming possible on the base of microdata of research project "Early-stage entrepreneurial activity in Russia: regional measurements" that has been realised in the National State University Higher School of Economics

Предпринимательские стратегии: типы, региональные особенности, оценка межрегиональных различий

The article presents cross-regional comparative study on a level and social and economic structure of the parallel entrepreneurship that is typical business strategy in transitional Russian economy, that is based on the results of sample survey of population carried out as a part of the research project «Early-stage entrepreneurship in Russia: regional measurement» in the Laboratory on Entrepreneurship Research at the HSE.В статье на основе выборочного обследования населения, проведенного в рамках проекта «Раннее предпринимательство в России: региональное измерение» в лаборатории исследований предпринимательства НИУ ВШЭ, приведены результаты межрегиональных сопоставлений уровня и социально-экономической структуры параллельного предпринимательства как типичной для переходной российской экономики стратегии развития бизнеса

Atorvastatin effectiveness in dyslipidemia correction among coronary heart disease and arterial hypertension patients with high risk of cardiovascular complications

Aim. To study the Russian atorvastatin generic (Liptonorm) effects on lipid metabolism in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), essential arterial hypertension (EAH), and high risk of cardiovascular complications (CVC). Material and methods. In total, 30 patients (17 men, 13 women; mean age 52,37 years) with CHD (n=21), EAH (n=9), and high CVC risk were examined. Plasma levels of total cholesterol (TCH) were >5,2 mmol/l, low‑density lipoprotein CH, LDL‑CH ‑ >3,0 mmol/l. Lipid metabolism parameters and transaminase levels were measured at baseline, as well as after 2 and 4 weeks of Liptonorm treatment (10 mg/d). Results. After 4 weeks of the therapy, TCH and LDL‑CH levels were significantly reduced, by 22% from the baseline. Triglycerides (TG) concentration decreased to a lesser extent (8,8%); high‑density lipoprotein CH (HDL‑CH) and transaminase levels remained the same. Conclusion. Four‑week therapy with the Russian medication Liptonorm (10 mg/d) significantly reduced TCH, LDL‑CH levels, decreased TG concentration, without affecting HDL‑CH level. Liptonorm was safe, well tolerated, without any serious adverse effects. Patients ioetns regarded Lipronotm therapy regimen as “convenient”, that might increase their therapy compliance. Moreover, 90% of the patients regarded the medication price as “adequate” for their income levels

Carvedilol therapy effects on structural and electric remodeling in chronic heart failure

Aim. To assess the effects of combination therapy with ACE inhibitors and carvedilol on cardiac remodeling, cardiac arrhythmias, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with mild to moderate chronic heart failure (CHF).Material and methods. The study included 109 patients with mild to moderate CHF, developed in arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, or their combination with diabetes mellitus and obesity. Initial carvedilol dose was 6,25-25 mg/d. At baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months later, physical examination, biochemical assay,  lectrocardiography,QoL and clinical outcome assessment were performed. Doppler echocardiography and 24-hour electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring were performed at baseline and 6 months later.Results. CHF therapy, including the combination of ACE inhibitor and carvedilol, was associated with reduction in structural left ventricular (LV) remodeling, as well as with systolic and diastolic LV function normalization. According to 24-hour ECG monitoring data, the total number of supraventricular (including paired and grouped) and ventricular (including paired ectopic complexes) extrasystoles significantly decreased. Combination, carvedilol-including CHF therapy resulted in significant QoL and clinical prognosis improvement.Conclusion. In patients with mild to moderate CHF, carvedilol demonstrated its clinical effectiveness, including reduced structural and electric remodeling progression

RISK FACTORS OF THE ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION IN THE PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Aim. To study erectile dysfunction prevalence among out-patients with arterial hypertension (HT) and/or coronary heart disease (CHD) as well as to study risk factors of erectile dysfunction.Material and methods. The anonymous poll was carried out among 103 male patients with HT and/or CHD. General information about patient, medical history, treatment was analyzed. All patients were examined by cardiologists. Erectile function was assessed with The International Index Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire.Results. 86 (84%) questionnaires were returned. 62 (72%) patients from 86 responding had erectile dysfunction. Age, blood pressure level, abdominal obesity, beta-blocker therapy and chronic heart failure affected erectile function.Conclusion. The erectile dysfunction was common disorder among male patients with HT and/or CHD. Early erectile dysfunction diagnosis, prevention and therapy are necessary to provide high level of compliance in patients with cardiovascular diseases

RISK FACTORS OF THE ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION IN THE PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Aim. To study erectile dysfunction prevalence among out-patients with arterial hypertension (HT) and/or coronary heart disease (CHD) as well as to study risk factors of erectile dysfunction.Material and methods. The anonymous poll was carried out among 103 male patients with HT and/or CHD. General information about patient, medical history, treatment was analyzed. All patients were examined by cardiologists. Erectile function was assessed with The International Index Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire.Results. 86 (84%) questionnaires were returned. 62 (72%) patients from 86 responding had erectile dysfunction. Age, blood pressure level, abdominal obesity, beta-blocker therapy and chronic heart failure affected erectile function.Conclusion. The erectile dysfunction was common disorder among male patients with HT and/or CHD. Early erectile dysfunction diagnosis, prevention and therapy are necessary to provide high level of compliance in patients with cardiovascular diseases.</p