Estado del Arte en Cambio Climático, Agricultura y Seguridad Alimentaria de la República Dominicana

La República Dominicana es un país con un alto nivel de exposición y vulnerabilidad a eventos climáticos extremos a nivel mundial; es por esto que el Ministerio de Agricultura (MA) en colaboración con el Programa de Investigación CGIAR en Cambio Climático, Agricultura y Seguridad Alimentaria (CCAFS, por sus siglas en inglés) en América Latina y con apoyo del Consejo Agropecuario Centroamericano (CAC) presentan el “Estado del Arte en Cambio Climático, Agricultura y Seguridad Alimentaria de la República Dominicana”, que incluye el marco gubernamental y actores involucrados en torno a esta temática. En el documento se evidencia como los efectos del cambio climático han afectado el campo dominicano en gran parte de sus cultivos y como el gobierno ha venido enfatizando esfuerzos para disminuir la vulnerabilidad de la población y aumentar su resiliencia mediante políticas públicas y acciones integrales

Self-defined information indices: application to the case of university rankings

[EN] University rankings are now relevant decision-making tools for both institutional and private purposes in the management of higher education and research. However, they are often computed only for a small set of institutions using some sophisticated parameters. In this paper we present a new and simple algorithm to calculate an approximation of these indices using some standard bibliometric variables, such as the number of citations from the scientific output of universities and the number of articles per quartile. To show our technique, some results for the ARWU index are presented. From a technical point of view, our technique, which follows a standard machine learning scheme, is based on the interpolation of two classical extrapolation formulas for Lipschitz functions defined in metric spaces-the so-called McShane and Whitney formulae-. In the model, the elements of the metric space are the universities, the distances are measured using some data that can be extracted from the Incites database, and the Lipschitz function is the ARWU index.The third and fourth authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (Spain), Agencia Estatal de Investigacion, and FEDER, under Grant MTM2016-77054-C2-1-P. The first author gratefully acknowledge the support of Catedra de Transparencia y Gestion de Datos, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia y Generalitat Valenciana, Spain.Ferrer Sapena, A.; Erdogan, E.; Jiménez-Fernández, E.; Sánchez Pérez, EA.; Peset Mancebo, MF. (2020). Self-defined information indices: application to the case of university rankings. Scientometrics. 124(3):2443-2456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03575-6S244324561243Aguillo, I., Bar-Ilan, J., Levene, M., & Ortega, J. (2010). Comparing university rankings. Scientometrics, 85(1), 243–256.Asadi, K., Dipendra, M., & Littman, M. L. (2018). Lipschitz continuity in model-based reinforcement learning. In Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Machine Learning, Proc. Mach. Lear. Res., Vol. 80, pp. 264–273.Bougnol, M. L., & Dulá, J. H. (2013). A mathematical model to optimize decisions to impact multi-attribute rankings. Scientometrics, 95(2), 785–796.Çakır, M. P., Acartürk, C., Alaşehir, O., & Çilingir, C. (2015). A comparative analysis of global and national university ranking systems. Scientometrics, 103(3), 813–848.Cancino, C. A., Merigó, J. M., & Coronado, F. C. (2017). A bibliometric analysis of leading universities in innovation research. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 2(3), 106–124.Chen, K.-H., & Liao, P.-Y. (2012). A comparative study on world university rankings: A bibliometric survey. Scientometrics, 92(1), 89–103.Cinzia, D., & Bonaccorsi, A. (2017). Beyond university rankings? Generating new indicators on universities by linking data in open platforms. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 68(2), 508–529.Cobzaş, Ş., Miculescu, R., & Nicolae, A. (2019). Lipschitz functions. Berlin: Springer.Deza, M. M., & Deza, E. (2009). Encyclopedia of distances. Berlin: Springer.2019 U-Multirank ranking: European universities performing well. https://ec.europa.eu/education/news/u-multirank-publishes-sixth-edition-en .Dobrota, M., Bulajic, M., Bornmann, L., & Jeremic, V. (2016). A new approach to the QS university ranking using the composite I-distance indicator: Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 67(1), 200–211.Falciani, H., Calabuig, J. M., & Sánchez Pérez, E. A. (2020). Dreaming machine learning: Lipschitz extensions for reinforcement learning on financial markets. Neurocomputing, 398, 172–184.Kehm, B. M. (2014). Global university rankings—Impacts and unintended side effects. European Journal of Education, 49(1), 102–112.Lim, M. A., & Øerberg, J. W. (2017). Active instruments: On the use of university rankings in developing national systems of higher education. Policy Reviews in Higher Education, 1(1), 91–108.Luo, F., Sun, A., Erdt, M., Raamkumar, A. S., & Theng, Y. L. (2018). Exploring prestigious citations sourced from top universities in bibliometrics and altmetrics: A case study in the computer science discipline. Scientometrics, 114(1), 1–17.Marginson, S. (2014). University rankings and social science. European Journal of Education, 49(1), 45–59.Pagell, R. A. (2014). Bibliometrics and university research rankings demystified for librarians. Library and information sciences (pp. 137–160). Berlin: Springer.Rao, A. (2015). Algorithms for Lipschitz extensions on graphs. Yale University: ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 10010433.Rosa, K. D., Metsis, V., & Athitsos, V. (2012). Boosted ranking models: A unifying framework for ranking predictions. Knowledge and Information Systems, 30(3), 543–568.Saisana, M., d’Hombres, B., & Saltelli, A. (2011). Rickety numbers: Volatility of university rankings and policy implications. Research Policy, 40(1), 165–177.Tabassum, A., Hasan, M., Ahmed, S., Tasmin, R., Abdullah, D. M., & Musharrat, T. (2017). University ranking prediction system by analyzing influential global performance indicators. In 2017 9th International Conference on Knowledge and Smart Technology (KST) (pp. 126–131) IEEE.Van Raan, A. F. J., Van Leeuwen, T. N., & Visser, M. S. (2011). Severe language effect in university rankings: Particularly Germany and France are wronged in citation-based rankings. Scientometrics, 88(2), 495–498.von Luxburg, U., & Bousquet, O. (2004). Distance-based classification with Lipschitz functions. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 5, 669–695

Entrepreneurial culture in the Costa Verde Region / RJ – Brazil / Cultura empreendedora na Região da Costa Verde / RJ – Brasil

The main objective of this research is to identify and analyze the idealizers of the entrepreneurial culture in the Region of Costa Verde / RJ - Brazil, with a view to the formation of networks to promote entrepreneurship. In the ambit of entrepreneurship, it was sought to identify the organizations and strategic subjects in the formation of a local entrepreneurial culture, as well as to analyze the main promoter and repressor aspects of entrepreneurship and the degree of articulation between them. This research was of qualitative approach and the methods used sought to obtain data that allowed subjective analyzes to be carried out on the local entrepreneurial culture. An exploratory study was carried out based on a bibliographical and documentary research. The result of this research shows that there is still a great lack of investments around entrepreneurship mainly by the public sector. It is also noted the importance of SEBRAE in the matter, since practically all the institutions linked to the theme have a partnership with SEBRAE. It is also noted the existence of a gap left by educational institutions that have been filled by the branches of institutions that have been installed in the region in recent years. These results can be sources of information in the formulation of public policies to promote entrepreneurship, as well as contribute to the formation of strategic networks to foster the local entrepreneurial culture

El análisis de visibilidad en la evaluación de impacto ambiental de nuevas construcciones

Nowadays there is a need to take account of the ecological balance in urban development, and to adopt a type of urban planning which is spread over a broad territorial base in order to control the localisation and regulation of uses and activities. In view of this requirement, the objective of the work described in the present article is to propose locations for nine low-density urban areas in the surroundings of the Corredor del Henares in Guadalajara (Spain). One of the most significant components of the capacity and impact models designed for this purpose is the visual quality of the landscape, which is based on an exhaustive study of the visibility of the territory. The object of analysing the visibility is to determine which areas can be seen from each point or set of points, either simultaneously or in sequence, in order to assess the degree to which each area contributes to the perception of the landscape, and to obtain certain global parameters which allow a territory to be characterised in visual terms. By extension of this objective, the aim of the work is to contribute to the field of visibility studies by designing a visibility model which is subsequently programmed and implemented in GIS (Geographical Information System). We describe the process used to perform this task, with particular emphasis on the difficulties which arose and how they were resolved. The visibility analysis we developed was an important element both in the model for the capacity of acceptance of the activity, and in the model for assessing the possible impact of the activity on the environment. The construction of a visibility model allows an objective assessment of the visibility of the territory from all the points of interest.Hoy en día es necesario reconciliar el desarrollo urbano con el equilibrio ecológico y adoptar un urbanismo con base territorial amplia, para controlar la localización y regulación de los usos y actividades. Dentro de este contexto, el trabajo que se expone en el presente artículo, se planteó como objetivo último la localización de nuevas áreas urbanas de baja densidad en el entorno del Corredor del Henares de Guadalajara (España). Los modelos de capacidad e impacto diseñados al efecto consideran como uno de sus componentes más importantes la calidad visual del paisaje, que se basa, a su vez, en un estudio exhaustivo de la visibilidad del territorio. El objeto de los análisis de visibilidad es determinar las áreas visibles desde cada punto o conjunto de puntos, bien simultáneamente o en secuencia, con vistas a la posterior evaluación de la medida en que cada área contribuye a la percepción del paisaje y a la obtención de ciertos parámetros globales que permitan caracterizar un territorio en términos visuales. Siguiendo la línea enunciada, el trabajo trata de realizar una aportación en el campo de los estudios de visibilidad, mediante el diseño de un modelo de visibilidad, posteriormente programado e implementado en SIG (Sistemas de Información Geográfica); se describe el proceso seguido para realizar esta tarea, centrándose en las dificultadas que se presentaron y su resolución. El análisis de visibilidad desarrollado constituyó un punto importante tanto en el modelo de capacidad de acogida de la actividad como en el modelo del impacto que ésta puede producir en el medio. La construcción de un modelo de visibilidad permite valorar de forma objetiva la visibilidad del territorio desde todos los puntos de interés

VI Congresso Ibero-Americano de Empreendedorismo, Energia, Meio Ambiente e Tecnologia: livro de resumos

Livro de resumos da VI Congresso Ibero-Americano de Empreendedorismo, Energia, Meio Ambiente e Tecnologia, realizada por videoconferência síncrona online, nos dias 25 a 27 de novembro de 2020.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Neodymium doped lanthanide fluoride nanoparticles as contrast agents for luminescent bioimaging and X-ray computed tomography

The synthesis of uniform neodymium-doped lanthanum trifluoride nanoparticles with lenticular shape and a mean diameter around 45 nm by using a homogeneous precipitation method is reported. The luminescent properties of the synthesized samples in terms of their emission spectra and emission lifetime are analyzed as a function of the Nd content to find the optimum phosphor and its suitability for luminescent imaging in the second biological window. The X-ray attenuation properties of the optimum phosphor are evaluated to investigate their additional ability as contrast agent for X-ray computed tomography. Finally, the colloidal stability of the obtained nanoparticles in physiological medium and their cytotoxicity are also analyzed to assess their aptness for in vivo bioimaging applications. En este trabajo se ha desarrollado un método de síntesis de nanopartículas uniformes de trifluoruro de lantano dopadas con neodimio, con forma lenticular y un diámetro medio en torno a 45 nm, basado en un proceso de precipitación homogénea en medio acuoso. Las propiedades luminiscentes de las muestras sintetizadas en términos de sus espectros de emisión y tiempo de vida de las emisiones se han analizado en función del contenido de neodimio (Nd) para determinar el nanofósforo óptimo y su idoneidad para la obtención de imágenes luminiscentes en la segunda ventana biológica. Asimismo, se han evaluado las propiedades de atenuación de rayos X del nanofósforo óptimo para valorar su capacidad adicional como agente de contraste para tomografía computarizada de rayos X. Por último, también se han analizado la estabilidad coloidal de las nanopartículas obtenidas en medio fisiológico y su citotoxicidad para determinar su aplicabilidad para la obtención de imágenes biológicas in vivo

Laser-Induced Crystallization of Sputtered Unhydrogenated Silicon at Low Temperatures

10-um-thick non-hydrogenated amorphous-silicon (a-Si) films were deposited at relatively high rates (_>10 Å/s) by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering (RFMS) on different large-area buffer-layer-coated glass substrates at deposition temperatures ranging from room temperature (RT) to 300oC. These amorphous samples were subsequently crystallized by means of a continuous-wave diode laser, looking for conditions to reach liquid-phase crystallization. The influence of deposition conditions on the quality of the final micro-crystalline silicon films has been studied

Evaluación del crecimiento en cabritos hipotiroideos en un rodeo de la Provincia de Formosa, Argentina

Las hormonas tiroideas regulan el metabolismo intermedio del animal y el bocio es el agrandamiento de la glándula tiroides que aparece como mecanismo compensatorio en respuesta al estado de hipofunción. Bajos niveles hormonales estimulan la liberación de tirotrofina hipofisaria llevando a la hiperplasia glandular característica. En adultos esta patología provoca principalmente trastornos reproductivos y en animales jóvenes un deficiente crecimiento y desarrollo. Con el objeto de cuantificar el efecto sobre estos últimos aspectos y correlacionar los niveles de hormonas tiroideas con la evolución de parámetros morfoestructurales, luego de ser confirmada la funcionalidad glandular a través de dosajes hormonales, se desarrolló el presente ensayo determinando peso vivo, condición corporal y medidas morfoestructurales: alzada a la cruz, diámetro longitudinal, perímetro torácico, diámetro dorsoesternal, ancho de grupa y perímetro de caña del miembro anterior. Combinando estos valores se obtuvieron diferentes índices: corporal, de proporcionalidad (IPRO), metacarpotorácico, de profundidad relativa de tórax (IPRP) y pelviano transversal (IPET) en cabritos de ambos sexos y de tres meses de edad, recientemente destetados. Se trabajó con dos lotes de diez animales, uno con claros síntomas de bocio y el otro sin evidencias clínicas (grupo control). Se realizaron cuatro mediciones mensuales sucesivas de las variables dependientes, utilizando un diseño de medidas repetidas completo al azar. No se hallaron diferencias significativas en la evolución del peso vivo y la condición corporal. En cuanto a las medidas morfométricas, hubo diferencias significativas (p<0,05) en los valores de alzada a la cruz, que resultaron ser menores en los animales hipotiroideos, y en consecuencia los índices IPRO, IPRP e IPET resultaron significativamente mayores. En el análisis de correlación entre esta variable y el estado hipo o eutiroideo, se obtuvo un coeficiente de 0,70 con alto grado de significancia (p=0,01); las otras variables morfométricas no mostraron diferencias significativas

Loss of Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2 leads to impaired islet mass and beta cell survival

The regulation of pancreatic β cell mass is a critical factor to help maintain normoglycemia during insulin resistance. Nutrient-sensing G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) contribute to aspects of β cell function, including regulation of β cell mass. Nutrients such as free fatty acids (FFAs) contribute to precise regulation of β cell mass by signaling through cognate GPCRs, and considerable evidence suggests that circulating FFAs promote β cell expansion by direct and indirect mechanisms. Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2 (FFA2) is a β cell-expressed GPCR that is activated by short chain fatty acids, particularly acetate. Recent studies of FFA2 suggest that it may act as a regulator of β cell function. Here, we set out to explore what role FFA2 may play in regulation of β cell mass. Interestingly, Ffar2(-/-) mice exhibit diminished β cell mass at birth and throughout adulthood, and increased β cell death at adolescent time points, suggesting a role for FFA2 in establishment and maintenance of β cell mass. Additionally, activation of FFA2 with Gαq/11-biased agonists substantially increased β cell proliferation in in vitro and ex vivo proliferation assays. Collectively, these data suggest that FFA2 may be a novel therapeutic target to stimulate β cell growth and proliferation