Reactivity of permethylscandocene derivatives with acetylene. Structure of acetylenediylbis(permethylscandocene), (η^5-C_5Me_5)_2Sc-C≡C-Sc(η^5-C_5Me_5)_2

Excess acetylene reacts with Cp*_2Sc-R (Cp* = η-C5Me_5; R = H, alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amide) below -78 °C to yield R-H and Cp*_2Sc-C≡CH; the latter then reacts with excess C_2H_2 to form polyacetylene. Cp*_2Sc-C≡CH cleanly decomposes to Cp*_2Sc-C≡C-ScCp*_2, most likely via u bond metathesis involving the Sc-acetylide and terminal C-H bonds for two molecules of Cp*_2Sc-C≡CH. The structure of this unusual acetylenediyl-bridged dimer has been determined by X-ray diffraction methods. It crystallizes with a half-molecule of toluene per scandium dimer in the tetragonal system, space group P42_1c (No. 114), with a = 15.057 (3) Å, c = 18.617 (6) Å, V = 4220.7 (18) Å^3, and z = 4

Implications for career counseling using Schlossberg’s Transition Theory with at-risk college students

Abstract: This roundtable will explain the basic tenets of Schlossberg’s Transition Theory, as well as its applicability and utility in working with at-risk college students. Case examples will be used to generate discussion on the theory’s use in this context as well as to facilitate conversation on further research and application. Proposal Summary: Provide program description (refer to instructions for more information regarding requirements). One of the main tasks in career counseling is to identify barriers, or career blocks, which are psychological, physiological, environmental, or interpersonal obstacles that prevent clients from making informed, meaningful career decisions. When academically at-risk college students seek out career counseling, they are most frequently in the middle of a difficult vocational transition that is related to their educational path. A theory of adult transitions exists called the Schlossberg Transition Theory, which provides a parsimonious and practical format for conceptualizing and counseling this population. While Schlossberg’s theory is not as well-known as traditional career counseling theories, it offers a means of quickly assessing a client’s situation, identifying key elements that are hindering successful transitions, and still allows room for the use of vocational assessments and traditional counseling techniques within the bounds of often brief counseling relationships. The purpose of this presentation is to show and discuss the utility of this model in career counseling, and its potential to be a bridge to reach clients, and more specifically, at-risk college students. The plan for the discussion will begin with a didactic portion to explain the theory, and the context in which it has been used. Next, a case example will be presented to illustrate the practical application of the theory which will include a template for how to use the theory in career counseling case conceptualization. Finally, semi-structured discussion questions will be used to elicit feedback and dialogue, as well as to generate ideas for future research

Reactivity of permethylscandocene derivatives with acetylene. Structure of acetylenediylbis(permethylscandocene), (η^5-C_5Me_5)_2Sc-C≡C-Sc(η^5-C_5Me_5)_2

Excess acetylene reacts with Cp*_2Sc-R (Cp* = η-C5Me_5; R = H, alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amide) below -78 °C to yield R-H and Cp*_2Sc-C≡CH; the latter then reacts with excess C_2H_2 to form polyacetylene. Cp*_2Sc-C≡CH cleanly decomposes to Cp*_2Sc-C≡C-ScCp*_2, most likely via u bond metathesis involving the Sc-acetylide and terminal C-H bonds for two molecules of Cp*_2Sc-C≡CH. The structure of this unusual acetylenediyl-bridged dimer has been determined by X-ray diffraction methods. It crystallizes with a half-molecule of toluene per scandium dimer in the tetragonal system, space group P42_1c (No. 114), with a = 15.057 (3) Å, c = 18.617 (6) Å, V = 4220.7 (18) Å^3, and z = 4

Hydrodynamic transport functions from quantum kinetic theory

Starting from the quantum kinetic field theory [E. Calzetta and B. L. Hu, Phys. Rev. D37, 2878 (1988)] constructed from the closed-time-path (CTP), two-particle-irreducible (2PI) effective action we show how to compute from first principles the shear and bulk viscosity functions in the hydrodynamic-thermodynamic regime. For a real scalar field with $\lambda \Phi ^{4}$ self-interaction we need to include 4 loop graphs in the equation of motion. This work provides a microscopic field-theoretical basis to the ``effective kinetic theory'' proposed by Jeon and Yaffe [S. Jeon and L. G. Yaffe, Phys. Rev. D53, 5799 (1996)], while our result for the bulk viscosity reproduces their expression derived from linear response theory and the imaginary-time formalism of thermal field theory. Though unavoidably involved in calculations of this sort, we feel that the approach using fundamental quantum kinetic field theory is conceptually clearer and methodically simpler than the effective kinetic theory approach, as the success of the latter requires clever rendition of diagrammatic resummations which is neither straightforward nor failsafe. Moreover, the method based on the CTP-2PI effective action illustrated here for a scalar field can be formulated entirely in terms of functional integral quantization, which makes it an appealing method for a first-principles calculation of transport functions of a thermal non-abelian gauge theory, e.g., QCD quark-gluon plasma produced from heavy ion collisions.Comment: 25 pages revtex, 11 postscript figures. Final version accepted for publicatio

Shared genetic influences between dimensional ASD and ADHD symptoms during child and adolescent development

Abstract Background Shared genetic influences between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms have been reported. Cross-trait genetic relationships are, however, subject to dynamic changes during development. We investigated the continuity of genetic overlap between ASD and ADHD symptoms in a general population sample during childhood and adolescence. We also studied uni- and cross-dimensional trait-disorder links with respect to genetic ADHD and ASD risk. Methods Social-communication difficulties (N ≤ 5551, Social and Communication Disorders Checklist, SCDC) and combined hyperactive-impulsive/inattentive ADHD symptoms (N ≤ 5678, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ-ADHD) were repeatedly measured in a UK birth cohort (ALSPAC, age 7 to 17 years). Genome-wide summary statistics on clinical ASD (5305 cases; 5305 pseudo-controls) and ADHD (4163 cases; 12,040 controls/pseudo-controls) were available from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Genetic trait variances and genetic overlap between phenotypes were estimated using genome-wide data. Results In the general population, genetic influences for SCDC and SDQ-ADHD scores were shared throughout development. Genetic correlations across traits reached a similar strength and magnitude (cross-trait r g ≤ 1, p min  = 3 × 10−4) as those between repeated measures of the same trait (within-trait r g ≤ 0.94, p min  = 7 × 10−4). Shared genetic influences between traits, especially during later adolescence, may implicate variants in K-RAS signalling upregulated genes (p-meta = 6.4 × 10−4). Uni-dimensionally, each population-based trait mapped to the expected behavioural continuum: risk-increasing alleles for clinical ADHD were persistently associated with SDQ-ADHD scores throughout development (marginal regression R 2 = 0.084%). An age-specific genetic overlap between clinical ASD and social-communication difficulties during childhood was also shown, as per previous reports. Cross-dimensionally, however, neither SCDC nor SDQ-ADHD scores were linked to genetic risk for disorder. Conclusions In the general population, genetic aetiologies between social-communication difficulties and ADHD symptoms are shared throughout child and adolescent development and may implicate similar biological pathways that co-vary during development. Within both the ASD and the ADHD dimension, population-based traits are also linked to clinical disorder, although much larger clinical discovery samples are required to reliably detect cross-dimensional trait-disorder relationships

Autistic people’s perspectives on stereotypes: An interpretative phenomenological analysis

Autism stereotypes can often portray autistic people in a negative way. However, few studies have looked at how autistic people think they are perceived by others, and none have specifically asked autistic people what they think the autistic stereotypes are. Semi-structured interviews with twelve autistic adults (aged between 20-63 years) were conducted. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, three main themes emerged from the data. These were: (1) primary stereotype is that autistic people are ‘weird’; (2) autistic stereotypes have negative effects and consequences; (3) autistic people are heterogeneous. This study makes an important and novel contribution to understanding the experience of being autistic in several ways by exploring how autistic people feel they are perceived by others and identifying some of the ways in which negative stereotypes are believed to have negative consequences for autistic people

Phylogeny of Prokaryotes and Chloroplasts Revealed by a Simple Composition Approach on All Protein Sequences from Complete Genomes Without Sequence Alignment

The complete genomes of living organisms have provided much information on their phylogenetic relationships. Similarly, the complete genomes of chloroplasts have helped to resolve the evolution of this organelle in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In this paper we propose an alternative method of phylogenetic analysis using compositional statistics for all protein sequences from complete genomes. This new method is conceptually simpler than and computationally as fast as the one proposed by Qi et al. (2004b) and Chu et al. (2004). The same data sets used in Qi et al. (2004b) and Chu et al. (2004) are analyzed using the new method. Our distance-based phylogenic tree of the 109 prokaryotes and eukaryotes agrees with the biologists tree of life based on 16S rRNA comparison in a predominant majority of basic branching and most lower taxa. Our phylogenetic analysis also shows that the chloroplast genomes are separated to two major clades corresponding to chlorophytes s.l. and rhodophytes s.l. The interrelationships among the chloroplasts are largely in agreement with the current understanding on chloroplast evolution