The last reason of the judicial proof. A philosophical approach

El presente artículo indaga por los fundamentos últimos de la prueba judicial desde la perspectiva del realismo jurídico clásico. Pone en evidencia la necesidad primordial de un sustrato ontológico, lógico y metodológico sustancialista, en el sentido de objetivo, de la prueba judicial, al mismo tiempo que hace manifiestas las antinomias provocadas por los sistemas probatorios y procesales constructivistas a la ciencia del derecho y al propio estatuto epistemológico de la prueba judicial, lo que ha desembocado en un olvido, consciente o inconsciente, del fin último del quehacer del derecho: el acto de justicia.This paper deals with the basic essentials of legal evidence from the perspective of legal realism factor. It underlines the paramount need for a substrate ontological, logical and methodological substantial, objective meaning of legal evidence. At the same time, which makes manifest the antinomies caused by constructivist evidentiary and procedural systems to the science of law and at the same epistemological status of legal evidence. What has led to an oversight, consciously or unconsciously, the ultimate goal of the task of law: the act of justice

Involvement of the cohesin cofactor PDS5 (SPO76) during meiosis and DNA repair in Arabidopsis thaliana

Maintenance and precise regulation of sister chromatid cohesion is essential for faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. Cohesin cofactors contribute to cohesin dynamics and interact with cohesin complexes during cellcycle. One of these, PDS5, also known as SPO76, is essential during mitosis and meiosis in several organisms and also plays a role in DANN repair. In yeast, the complex Wapl-Pds5 controls cohesion maintenance and colocalizes with cohesin complexes into chromosomes. In Arabidopsis, AtWAPL proteins are essential during meiosis, however, the role of AtPDS5 remains to be ascertained. Here we have isolated mutants for each of the five AtPDS5 genes(A–E) and obtained, after different crosses between them, double,triple,and even quadruple mutants (Atpds5a Atpds5b Atpds5c Atpds5e). Depletion of AtPDS5 proteins has a weak impact on meiosis, but leads to severe effects on development, fertility, somatic homologous recombination (HR) and DANN repair. Furthermore, this cohesin cofactor could be important for the function of the AtSMC5/AtSMC6 complex. Contrarily to ist function in other species, our results suggest that AtPDS5 is dispensable during the meiotic division of Arabidopsis, although it plays an important role in DANN repair by HR

Insight into the conformational space of n-benzyl-n-(furan-2-ylmethyl)acetamide by NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations

In this study, the conformational behavior of N-benzyl-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl) acetamide in chloroform was addressed by using a combined experimental/theoretical strategy using NMR spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. The 1H and 13C one‑dimensional NMR spectra, as well as the two-dimensional HSQC-DEPT and HMBC-DEPT NMR spectra, evinced the presence of a hindered cis(E)-trans(Z) rotational equilibrium in solution. DFT calculations were performed at different theoretical levels using the polarizable continuum model (PCM) and predicted nine (four Z and five E structures) stable conformations. The interconversion dynamics among the different confirmations were established in terms of four different rotational equilibria in CDCl3. The chemical shifts in the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the compound are similar to the values calculated for the two most abundant conformational equilibria at room temperature, one caused by two Z rotamers and the other by two E rotamers. The compound was also characterized for the first time by FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and GC/MS spectrometry. Additionally, several acylation methodologies for synthesizing the title compound from N-benzyl-1-(furan-2-yl)methanamine were tested which resulted in high yields (> 90%) under very convenient conditions (10 min, at room temperature).Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicada

Design of an electronic voting system using A blockchain network

Design of a scalable electronic voting system, which, based on a generic model designed for this application called voting cell, guarantees the integrity of the information through the use of a private network Blockchain. For the validation of the system, the implementation of a cell was carried out, for which fifty voters and three voting options were enabled. The stored data was intentionally modified to corroborate the error correction method used by the block chain networks and thus ensure the integrity of the voting system results

Dilution of the magnetic lattice in the Kitaev candidate α\alpha-RuCl3_3 by Rh3+^{3+} doping

Magnetic dilution of a well-established Kitaev candidate system is realized in the substitutional Ru$_{1-x}$Rh$_x$Cl$_3$ series ($x = 0.02-0.6$). Optimized syntheses protocols yield uniformly-doped single crystals and polycrystalline powders that are isostructural to the parental $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ as per X-ray diffraction. The Rh content $x$ is accurately determined by the quantitative energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy technique with standards. We determine the magnetic phase diagram of Ru$_{1-x}$Rh$_x$Cl$_3$ for in-plane magnetic fields from magnetization and specific-heat measurements as a function of $x$ and stacking periodicity, and identify the suppression of the magnetic order at $x \approx 0.2$ towards a disordered phase, which does not show any clear signature of freezing into a spin glass. Comparing with previous studies on the substitution series Ru$_{1-x}$Ir$_x$Cl$_3$, we propose that chemical pressure would contribute to the suppression of magnetic order especially in Ru$_{1-x}$Ir$_x$Cl$_3$ and that the zigzag magnetic ground state appears to be relatively robust with respect to the dilution of the Kitaev--$\Gamma$--Heisenberg magnetic lattice. We also discovered a slight dependence of the magnetic properties on thermal cycling, which would be due to an incomplete structural transition

Diferenciación de Entamoeba histolytica y Entamoeba dispar en muestras de materia fecal por detección de adhesina de E. histolytica mediante ELlSA

lnfections caused by the Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar species complex have a worldwide distribution. E. histolytica is the only pathogenic species. but the differentiation with E. dispar can only be done by biochemical methods. The aim of this work was to detect the E. histolytica specific adhesin molecule to differentiate this parasite from E. dispar in faeces samples, as well as to determine the prevalence of infection by the E. histolytica/E. disparcomplex in a rural population from Cundinamarca, Colombia. One hundred and foity fecal samples were collected at the health center of La Virgen, Quipile, Cundinamarca. They were examined by formalin-ether concentration method to determine the prevalence of E. histolytica/E. dispar Twenty three positive samples (1 6.42%) were submitted to an ELlSA test for detection of E. histolytca specific adhesin, out of which only 2 (8.69%) were found to be positive for E. histolytica. Serum samples from 19 patients infected with E. histolytica/E. disparwere submitted to an ELlSA test for antibodies against E. histolytica; all of them were negative. If the prevalence of specific adhesin test had been applied to al1 the people included in the study, the estimated prevalence of E. histolytica infection would be 1.42% (2/140).The advantage of the ELlSA test for specific detection of the E. histolytica adhesion molecule is its easiness, which allows a rapid diagnosis in order to provide adequate treatment. This methodology could be recommended for nationwide epidemiological studies to determine the prevalence of E. histolytica infection.Las infecciones causadas por el complejo Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar son de distribución cosmopolita. E. histolytica es la única especie patógena, pero la diferenciación con E. dispar se hace por métodos bioquímicos. Este trabajo tuvo como finalidad detectar rápidamente la adhesina especifica de E. histolytica para diferenciarla de E. dispar en materia fecal, así como determinar la frecuencia del complejo E. histolyticdE. disparen una población rural de Cundinamarca. En el puesto de salud de La Virgen, Quipile, Cundinamarca, se recolectaron 140 muestras de materia fecal de niños y adultos y se analizaron por el método de concentración (formol-éter) para determinar la frecuencia del complejo E. histolytica/E. dispar. Las 23 muestras positivas para este complejo (16,42%) se valoraron con la metodología de la prueba de ELlSA para la detección de adhesina; se obtuvo una frecuencia de 8,69% (2/23) de E. histolytica. A 19 pacientes positivos para el complejo E. histolytica/E. disparse les realizó ELlSA para la detección de anticuerpos en sangre contra E. histolyticacon resultado negativo. Extrapolando los resultados de la detección de adhesina a la población total de este estudio (2/140), se obtuvo una frecuencia de 1,42% de E. histolytica. La ventaja de la prueba de ELlSA para la detección de adhesina es su fácil ejecución que permite hacer un diagnóstico rápido para instaurar un manejo adecuado. Se recomienda la realización de estudios de prevalencia a nivel nacional