Herschel/PACS Imaging of Protostars in the HH 1-2 Outflow Complex

We present 70 and 160 micron Herschel science demonstration images of a field in the Orion A molecular cloud that contains the prototypical Herbig-Haro objects HH 1 and 2, obtained with the Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS). These observations demonstrate Herschel's unprecedented ability to study the rich population of protostars in the Orion molecular clouds at the wavelengths where they emit most of their luminosity. The four protostars previously identified by Spitzer 3.6-40 micron imaging and spectroscopy are detected in the 70 micron band, and three are clearly detected at 160 microns. We measure photometry of the protostars in the PACS bands and assemble their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) from 1 to 870 microns with these data, Spitzer spectra and photometry, 2MASS data, and APEX sub-mm data. The SEDs are fit to models generated with radiative transfer codes. From these fits we can constrain the fundamental properties of the protostars. We find luminosities in the range 12-84 L_sun and envelope densities spanning over two orders of magnitude. This implies that the four protostars have a wide range of envelope infall rates and evolutionary states: two have dense, infalling envelopes, while the other two have only residual envelopes. We also show the highly irregular and filamentary structure of the cold dust and gas surrounding the protostars as traced at 160 microns.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in the A&A Herschel special issu

Прогнозирование степени перегрузки правых камер сердца у пациентов с острой массивной тромбоэмболией легочной артерии на основании результатов КТ-диагностики

The study group included 147 patients at the stage of preparation for emergency surgical treatment of acute massive PE in the period from March 2012 to December 2019 inclusive. As CT indicators of overload of the right chambers of the heart, the usual CT indicators that do not require the use of expert – class computed tomographs were taken – they were the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, unpaired vein; reflux of the contrast drug into the inferior vena cava; reflux of the contrast drug into the hepatic veins. In the course of the study, a comparative analysis of the average pressure in the pulmonary artery with the above CT indicators was performed. The most stable statistical relationship with the indicators of mean pressure in the pulmonary artery was demonstrated by CT parameters – the diameter of the unpaired vein and the reflux of the contrast agent into the hepatic veins. Based on the results of the work, a method for calculating the actual values of the average pressure in the pulmonary artery based on the CT parameter of the diameter of the unpaired vein is proposed.В группу исследования вошло 147 пациентов на этапе подготовки к экстренному хирургическому лечению острой массивной тромбоэмболии легочной артерии (ТЭЛА) в период с марта 2012 г. по декабрь 2019 г. включительно. В качестве КТ-показателей перегрузки правых камер сердца взяты обычные КТ-показатели, не требующие использования компьютерных томографов экспертного класса, ими стали верхняя полая вена, нижняя полая вена, непарная вена; рефлюкс контрастного препарата в нижнюю полую вену; рефлюкс контрастного препарата в печеночные вены. В ходе исследования проведен сравнительный анализ среднего давления в легочной артерии с вышеуказанными КТ-показателями. Наиболее устойчивую статистическую взаимосвязь с показателями среднего давления в легочной артерии продемонстрировали КТ-параметры – диаметр непарной вены и рефлюкс контрастного препарата в печеночные вены. По результатам работы предложена методика расчета фактических значений среднего давления в легочной артерии на основании КТ-параметра “диаметр непарной вены”

An ammonia spectral map of the L1495-B218 filaments in the Taurus molecular cloud. I. Physical properties of filaments and dense cores

We present deep NH3 observations of the L1495-B218 filaments in the Taurus molecular cloud covering over a 3° angular range using the K-band focal plane array on the 100 m Green Bank Telescope. The L1495-B218 filaments form an interconnected, nearby, large complex extending over 8 pc. We observed NH3 (1, 1) and (2, 2) with a spectral resolution of 0.038 km s−1 and a spatial resolution of 31''. Most of the ammonia peaks coincide with intensity peaks in dust continuum maps at 350 and 500 μm. We deduced physical properties by fitting a model to the observed spectra. We find gas kinetic temperatures of 8–15 K, velocity dispersions of 0.05–0.25 km s−1, and NH3 column densities of 5 × 1012 to 1 × 1014 cm−2. The CSAR algorithm, which is a hybrid of seeded-watershed and binary dendrogram algorithms, identifies a total of 55 NH3 structures, including 39 leaves and 16 branches. The masses of the NH3 sources range from 0.05 to 9.5 ${{M}_{\odot }}$. The masses of NH3 leaves are mostly smaller than their corresponding virial mass estimated from their internal and gravitational energies, which suggests that these leaves are gravitationally unbound structures. Nine out of 39 NH3 leaves are gravitationally bound, and seven out of nine gravitationally bound NH3 leaves are associated with star formation. We also found that 12 out of 30 gravitationally unbound leaves are pressure confined. Our data suggest that a dense core may form as a pressure-confined structure, evolve to a gravitationally bound core, and undergo collapse to form a protostar

ОЦЕНКА РИСКА ОСЛОЖНЕНИЙ ВО ВРЕМЯ ВВОДНОЙ АНЕСТЕЗИИ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С МАССИВНЫМИ ОПУХОЛЯМИ СРЕДОСТЕНИЯ

Anesthetic management of surgery in patients with large mediastinal mass remains a topical issue of thoracic anesthesiology, since such patients often develop superior mediastinal compression (SMC) which results in a high risk of hemodynamic and respiratory disorders during induction. The degree of compression does not always depend on the mass size, and the prediction of SMC progression during induction becomes a challenge.The method to evaluate the degree of mediastinal compression through the functional orthoclinostatic test was developed – the patient is to be placed in Fowler position for 45 degrees in order to follow changes in the cardiac index.It was found out that the patients with SMC detected during the test (increased cardiac index in Fowler position) had their arterial blood pressure reduced after induction, and the number of critical incidents was statistically significantly higher. The test proved to be a non-invasive and safe method of pre-operative prediction of the risk of SMC development and progression during induction.Анестезиологическое обеспечение оперативных вмешательств у пациентов с массивными опухолями средостения остается актуальной проблемой торакальной анестезиологии, поскольку у больных данной категории заболевание часто осложняется синдромом медиастинальной компрессии (СМК), что приводит к высокому риску гемодинамических и дыхательных нарушений во время вводной анестезии. Степень компрессии не всегда зависит от размеров опухоли, поэтому прогнозирование усугубления СМК во время вводной анестезии остается сложной задачей.Разработали способ оценки степени компрессии средостения методом функциональной ортоклиностатической пробы ‒ перевод пациента в положение Фовлера с наклоном в 45% с определением динамики сердечного индекса.Полученные результаты показали, что у больных с выявленным во время пробы СМК (увеличение сердечного индекса в положении Фовлера) в большей степени происходило снижение артериального давления после вводной анестезии, также было статистически значимо выше количество критических инцидентов. Проба показала себя как неинвазивный и безопасный метод предоперационного прогнозирования риска развития и прогрессирования СМК во время вводной анестезии

Evaluation of the metabolism properties of choline kinase alpha in neoplasms of the parathyroid glands. A pilot study

BACKGROUND: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a widespread endocrine disease characterized by excessive production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) due to parathyroid gland hyperplasia (PGH) or tumor lesions (adenoma or cancer of the parathyroid gland (PG) in 80% and 1–5% of cases respectively). Choline kinase α–alpha (XKα) overexpression is described in tumors of different localization, but there is no data on its expression in PG tumors. AIMS: To study the character of XKα expression in PG neoplasms and its relationship with clinical, laboratory, and visualization characteristics (positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) with 18F–fluorocholine (18F–FC)). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The material for the study was based on tissue samples from 10 patients of 34–70 years old (Me = 61.5; [48; 66]), with a laboratory–confirmed diagnosis of PHT. An immunohistochemical study (IHC) was carried out on materials from 2 patients with hyperplasia of the main cells, from 5 patients with adenoma of PG, from 1 patient with atypical adenoma and 1 with carcinoma of PG; in 1 case the metastasis of cancer of the neck with lymph node was examined. RESULTS: The expression of XKα is spotted in all types of PG cells (chief cells: active and inactive forms), transitional forms between the chief cells and oxyphil; oxyphil cells, but it was most intense in active chief cells. The expression of XKα was observed in neoplasms of PG of various degrees of malignancy. In the most numerous group of PG formations with a favorable prognosis (11 samples from 7 patients), no statistically significant correlation (p> 0.05) was obtained between the intensity expression of the XKα, of the PTH and the proliferative activity index Ki–67, the level of radiopharmaceutical accumulation in PET/CT with 18F–FC (SUVmax) and laboratory data (PTH, Ca, Ca++). CONCLUSIONS: In the majority of investigated cases, moderate and intensive expression of the XKα was detected in PG cells. A small amount of studied cases does not allow us to identify the connection between the intensity of XKα expression and the malignant potential for the formation of PG

The NIKA2 large-field-of-view millimetre continuum camera for the 30 m IRAM telescope

Context. Millimetre-wave continuum astronomy is today an indispensable tool for both general astrophysics studies (e.g. star formation, nearby galaxies) and cosmology (e.g. cosmic microwave background and high-redshift galaxies). General purpose, large-field-of-view instruments are needed to map the sky at intermediate angular scales not accessible by the high-resolution interferometers (e.g. ALMA in Chile, NOEMA in the French Alps) and by the coarse angular resolution space-borne or ground-based surveys (e.g. Planck, ACT, SPT). These instruments have to be installed at the focal plane of the largest single-dish telescopes, which are placed at high altitude on selected dry observing sites. In this context, we have constructed and deployed a three-thousand-pixel dual-band (150 GHz and 260 GHz, respectively 2 mm and 1.15 mm wavelengths) camera to image an instantaneous circular field-of-view of 6.5 arcmin in diameter, and configurable to map the linear polarisation at 260 GHz. Aims. First, we are providing a detailed description of this instrument, named NIKA2 (New IRAM KID Arrays 2), in particular focussing on the cryogenics, optics, focal plane arrays based on Kinetic Inductance Detectors, and the readout electronics. The focal planes and part of the optics are cooled down to the nominal 150 mK operating temperature by means of an adhoc dilution refrigerator. Secondly, we are presenting the performance measured on the sky during the commissioning runs that took place between October 2015 and April 2017 at the 30-m IRAM telescope at Pico Veleta, near Granada (Spain). Methods. We have targeted a number of astronomical sources. Starting from beam-maps on primary and secondary calibrators we have then gone to extended sources and faint objects. Both internal (electronic) and on-the-sky calibrations are applied. The general methods are described in the present paper. Results. NIKA2 has been successfully deployed and commissioned, performing in-line with expectations. In particular, NIKA2 exhibits full width at half maximum angular resolutions of around 11 and 17.5 arcsec at respectively 260 and 150 GHz. The noise equivalent flux densities are, at these two respective frequencies, 33±2 and 8±1 mJy s1/2. A first successful science verification run was achieved in April 2017. The instrument is currently offered to the astronomy community and will remain available for at least the following ten years

МРТ- И КТ-венография в диагностике гемодинамических нарушений у пациентов с хроническими заболеваниями вен нижних конечностей Часть II. Возможности МРТ-исслелований в диагностике тромбоза глубоких вен

In this literature review, the analysis of the studies of venous blood flow pathology in the inferior Vena cava system using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is carried out. Special attention is paid to the attempts made to use this method in the diagnosis of chronic lower limb vein disorders (CVD) through magnetic resonance venography (MRV). Historically and methodically, the gradual introduction of MRV methods in the diagnosis of lower limb vein thrombosis (LEDVT) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been shown.Methods of non-contrast MRV based on the effect of blood flow, as in the case of MR-Angiography, are divided into two principal groups: methods based on the amplitude effects of Time-of-Flight (TOF) and methods based on Phase Contrast effects (PC). Techniques for conducting contrast-free MRV are described in detail. Attention is paid to pulse sequences used in the world for visualization of veins in contrast-free MRV in TOF and PC mode (FR-FBI, SPADE, SSFP) and post-processing methods: 2D-TOF MRV FLASH, 2D-TOF MRV CRASS, FIPS, VED, VENS.Contrast-enhanced MRV (CE MRV) is based on the use of “blood pool” contrast agents, which feature the ability to form stable compounds with blood plasma proteins. Worldwidesubstances with magnetic and supermagnetic properties based on gadolinium or iron oxide are used as contrast agents for CE MRV. The result of using these contrast agents is an increase in the quality of visualization due to a better signal to noise ratio (SNR) using 3D image processing (3D CE MRV) using fast sequences: GRE, TFLAS, VESPA, CAT, in conditions of direct and indirect CE MRV.It is noted that in recent years, certain restrictions have been imposed on certain linear contrast agents containing gadolinium in their further use. Therefore, for the purpose of CE MRV, it is efficientl to use only cyclic contrast agents to avoid unnecessary risks.Contrast-free MRV has again received intensive development in recent years, due to the restrictions imposed, one of these methods is direct thrombus imaging (Direct Thrombus Imaging – DTI or Magnetic Resonance Direct Thrombus Imaging - MRDTI) using fast pulse sequences: bSSFP, BBTI, DANTE. The latest research on this LEDVT diagnostic method was published in 2019 and has shown high diagnostic value.For all the most commonly used methods of MRV, specificity and sensitivity are shown.Further MRV in patients with CVD and DVT is a promising diagnostic task in modern phlebology. MRV should be introduced into clinical practice more actively than it is today.В данном обзоре литературы проводится анализ исследований патологии венозного кровотока в системе нижней полой вены с помощью магнитно-резонансной томографии (Magnetic Resonance Imaging – MRI). Особое внимание уделяется предпринятым попыткам использования этого метода в диагностике хронических заболеваний вен нижних конечностей (Chronic Venous Disorders – CVD) посредством проведения магнитно-резонансной венографии (MRV). Исторически и методически показано поэтапное внедрение методов MRV в диагностику тромбоза вен нижних конечностей (LEDVT) и венозного тромбоэмболизма (VTE).Методы бесконтрастной MRV, основанные на эффекте потока крови, как и в случае применения MR-Angiography, подразделяются на две принципиальные группы: методы, основанные на амплитудных эффектах время-пролета (Time-of-Flight – TOF), и методы, основанные на фазовых эффектах (Phase Contrast – PC). Техники проведения бесконтрастной MRV подробно описаны. Уделено внимание импульсным последовательностям, используемым в мире для визуализации вен при бесконтрастной MRV в режиме TOF и РС (FR-FBI, SPADE, SSFP), и методам постобработки изображения: 2D-TOF MRV FLASH, 2D-TOF MRV CRASS, FIPS, VED, VENS.В основе выполнения контрастно-усиленной MRV (Contrast-Enhanced MRV – CE MRV) лежит использование контрастных препаратов “пула крови”, особенностью которых является способность образовывать устойчивые соединения с белками плазы крови. В мире в качестве контрастных препаратов для CE MRV используются вещества, обладающие магнитными и супермагнитными свойствами на основе гадолиния или оксида железа. Результатом использования данных контрастных препаратов является повышение качества визуализации за счет лучшего соотношения сигнал/шум (Signal to Noise Ratio – SNR) с использованием обработки изображения в режиме 3D (3D-CE MRV) с использованием быстрых последовательностей: GRE, TFLAS, VESPA, CAT в условиях проведения прямой и непрямой СE MRV.Отмечено, что в последнее время в отношении некоторых линейных контрастных препаратов, содержащих гадолиний, в их дальнейшем использовании предприняты определенные ограничения. В связи с этим с целью проведения СE MRV рационально применять только циклические контрастные вещества, чтобы избежать неоправданных рисков.Бесконтрастная MRV вновь получила интенсивное развитие в последние годы в связи с введенными ограничениями. Одним из таких методов стал прямая визуализация тромба (Direct Thrombus Imaging – DTI или Magnetic Resonance Direct Thrombus Imaging – MRDTI) с использование быстрых импульсных последовательностей: bSSFP, BBTI, DANTE. Последние исследования в отношении этого метода диагностики LEDVT были опубликованы в 2019 г. и показали высокую диагностическую ценность.В отношении всех наиболее часто используемых методов проведения MRV показана специфичность и чувствительность.Дальнейшее проведение MRV у пациентов с CVD и DVT является перспективной диагностической задачей в современной флебологии. MRV должна внедряться в клиническую практику более активно, чем это происходит сегодня

МРТ и КТ-венография в диагностике гемодинамических нарушений у пациентов с хроническими заболеваниями вен нижних конечностей. Часть III. Возможности КТ-исследований в диагностике нарушений венозной гемодинамики

As a result of solving a large number of technical problems (increasing the area of anatomical coverage and scanning speed, increasing the signal-to-noise ratio, improving spatial and contrast resolution, building a color image quality in 3D mode, significantly reducing the radiation dose), the method of computed tomography imaging of the vascular system has won a leading position in the world today. However, if CT Angiography is used everywhere and daily in the diagnosis of arterial pathology, this method has not yet received clinical recognition in patients with chronic venous diseases.This review of the literature analyzes the scientific data published in the world on the results of CT Venography. Methods of indirect and direct contrast CT Venography are described. The possibility of using contrast CT Venography in the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis is shown, where the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the method according to foreign authors is up to 97.9%, 96.8% and 100%, respectively. This method acquires particular importance in the diagnosis of pelvic vein thrombosis and inferior Vena cava, where the informative value of USDS is lower. The second clinical direction that is actively developing today is the combined use of CT Venography and CT Angiopulmonography in the diagnosis of a deadly complication of pulmonary embolism. The prospects of these attempts are preferable by the following advantages: the single-time study and the absence of the need for additional administration of contrast agents, the speed of scanning, and obtaining additional information about the state of the peripheral venous system in patients with venous thromboembolism.Another and irreplaceable tool of contrast-enhanced CT Venography can become in the study of the features of the topographic and anatomical structure of the venous bed. Using their own research, the authors demonstrate the possibilities of direct CT Venography in the visualization of the venous system of the lower extremities.The need for more accurate topical diagnostics with 3D visualization of the venous system of the lower extremities and pelvis by CT-Venography is due to the growing interest in recent years of vascular and interventional surgeons to test and more actively implement endovasal methods of correction of venous blood flow in phlebological practice.В результате решения большого количества технических задач (увеличение зоны анатомического покрытия, скорости сканирования и отношения сигнал/шум, улучшение пространственного и контрастного разрешения, построение цветового качественного изображения в 3D-режиме, значительное снижение дозы облучения) метод компьютерно-томографической визуализации сосудистой системы завоевал на сегодня в мире лидирующую позицию. Однако если в диагностике артериальной патологии КТ-ангиография используется повсеместно и ежедневно, то у пациентов с хроническими заболеваниями вен данный метод до сих пор не получил клинического признания.В данном обзоре литературы проводится анализ опубликованных в мире научных данных о результатах использования КТ-венографии. Описаны методики проведения непрямой и прямой контрастной КТ-венографии. Показаны возможности использования контрастной КТ-венографии в диагностике тромбоза глубоких вен, где точность, чувствительность и специфичность метода, по данным зарубежных авторов, составляют до 97,9, 96,8 и 100% соответственно. Особое значение данный метод приобретает в диагностике тромбоза вен таза и нижней полой вены, где информативность УЗДС оказывается ниже. Вторым клиническим направлением, имеющим активное развитие сегодня, является комбинированное использование КТ-венографии и КТ-ангиопульмонографии в диагностике смертельно опасного осложнения тромбоэмболии легочной артерии. Перспективность этих попыток продиктована следующими преимуществами: однократностью исследования и отсутствием необходимости использования дополнительного введения контрастного препарата, скоростью выполнения сканирования, получением дополнительной информации о состоянии периферической венозной системы при наличии у пациентов венозной тромбоэмболии.Еще одним и незаменимым инструментом контрастно-усиленная КТ-венография может стать в изучении особенностей топографоанатомического строения венозного русла. На примере собственных исследований авторы демонстрируют возможности прямой КТ-венографии в визуализации венозной системы нижних конечностей.Необходимость более точной топической диагностики с 3D-визуализацией венозной системы нижних конечностей и таза посредством КТ-венографии обусловлена нарастающим интересом в последние годы сосудистых и интервенционных хирургов к апробации и более активному внедрению во флебологическую практику эндовазальных методов коррекции венозного кровотока

Using dot-immunoassay in decoding the outbreak of pseudotuberculosis in the Tomsk region

Background. Pseudotuberculosis remains a serious healthcare problem, which determines the expediency of developing the express methods for its early diagnosis. To detect the pathogen, we designed test system for dot-immunoassay (DIA) based on antibodies labeled with silver nanoparticles (SNPs) isolated from hyperimmune rabbit serum obtained against killed cells of  Yersinia pseudotuberculosis of O:1b serovariant.The aim. To assess the possibility of using dot-immunoassay for express identification of Y. pseudotuberculosis cultures isolated from clinical material and environmental objects at the initial stage of bacteriological study during laboratory diagnosis of the disease.Methods. We used the materials from the outbreak of pseudotuberculosis in the Krylovskaya Boarding School of the Bakcharsky district of the Tomsk region in 2021. Specific antibodies from hyperimmune rabbit sera obtained against Y. pseudotuberculosis 3704 particulate antigen of O:1b serotype were labeled with SNPs and used in DIA on nitrocellulose membranes with visualization of reaction results with a solution of a physical developer. The presence of the causative agent of pseudotuberculosis in the test material was inferred by the formation of gray spots of different intensity (from 4+ to 1+).Results. All Y.  pseudotuberculosis strains isolated using bacteriological method on  the second day of the study from clinical material obtained from sick people and environmental objects were detected in DIA at concentrations ≥ 3.1 × 104 microbial cells per milliliter (m.c./ml).Conclusion. The designed test system for dot-immunoassay using SNPs as a marker of specific antibodies for the detection of Y.  pseudotuberculosis in cultures isolated from swabs from vegetables and clinical material from patients, including those  with  mixed infection, allows us to  detect a specific corpuscular antigen with a high sensitivity (≥ 3.1 × 104 m.c./ml), providing express identification of isolated cultures at the initial stage of bacteriological study