Melon prdutivity under different soil coverings and irrigation system in Petrolina - PE

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of irrigation system and soil cover on yield of yellow melon in Petrolina / PE. The experiment was carried out in the period from April 09, 2016 to June 8, 2016 and was conducted at the Petrolina campus in the IF Sertão - PE rural area, with a randomized complete block design, 2 x 2 x 3 plot scheme, (One and two lines of drippers per row of plants), and the subsubparcels, three soil cover (black mulching cover), two plots of hybrids (Gladial and 10/00), subplots, two irrigation systems, Cover with mulching grey and without soil cover) and six replicates. Mulching efficiency (MPP) was studied in the soil cover and irrigation system located with drippers for the production of yellow hybrid melon 10/00 and Gladial under field conditions. It was verified the statistical influence of the soil cover on melon productivity

A Topside Equatorial Ionospheric Density and Composition Climatology During and After Extreme Solar Minimum

During the recent solar minimum, solar activity reached the lowest levels observed during the space age. This extremely low solar activity has accompanied a number of unexpected observations in the Earth's ionosphere and thermosphere when compared to previous solar minima. Among these are the fact that the ionosphere is significantly contracted beyond expectations based on empirical models. Climatological altitude profiles of ion density and composition measurements near the magnetic dip equator are constructed from the C/NOFS satellite to characterize the shape of the top side ionosphere during the recent solar minimum and into the new solar cycle. The variation of the profiles with respect to local time, season, and solar activity are compared to the IRI-2007 model. Building on initial results reported by Heelis et al. [2009], here we describe the extent of the contracted ionosphere, which is found to persist throughout 2009. The shape of the ionosphere during 2010 is found to be consistent with observations from previous solar minima

Performance of the IRI-2007 Model for Topside Ion Density and Composition Profiles During the 23/24 Solar Minimum

The recent solar minimum between cycles 23 and 24 was unusually extended and deep, resulting in an ionosphere that is significantly different from that expected based on previous solar minima. The ion density and composition estimates from the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecast System (C/NOFS) satellite are used to evaluate the performance of the IRI-2007 model between 400 and 850 kIn altitude in equatorial regions. The current model is shown to typically overestimate the expected topside density of 0+ and underestimate the density of H+ during 2008 and 2009. The overestimation of ion density by IRI-2007 is found to vary with local time and longitude

Modelling citrus Huanglongbing spread as affected by alternative hosts, vector populations and roguing.

Non-technical summary: We simulated the potential impact of an orange jasmine population on the HLB epidemic in citrus orchards of Recôncavo Baiano region. Our results strongly supports the need of preemptive control actions in a fashion of regional management of HLB. The results also show that measures such as roguing or elimination of alternative hosts will not work if used disconnected from other methods.Na publicação: Francisco F. Laranjeira

Fruit yield and quality of Palmer mango trees under different irrigation systems.

Mango production has been having a great economical expression in the Brazilian agriculture. However, the economic crisis and increased competitiveness of the international market required improvements in the crop efficiency for its sustainability. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation system on the physiology and fruit yield and quality of Palmer mango trees in the semiarid conditions of the Lower Middle São Francisco Valley, Brazil. The experiment was carried out at the Agranvil Farm, in Petrolina, state of Pernambuco, Brazil, with harvests in July 2013 and October 2014. A randomized block statistical design was used, with four treatments replicated in 5 blocks, during two production cycles. The treatments consisted of four irrigation systems: one micro sprinkler under the plant canopy (MSPC); drip system with two lateral lines per plant row (DSLL); one micro sprinkler between plants (MSBP); and ring-shaped drip system around the plants (RSDS). All treatments provided a flow rate of 56 L h-1 plant-1. The physiological characteristics evaluated were: photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration, and leaf temperature. Fruit yield, quantity, mean weight, volume, soluble solid content, titratable acidity (TA), density, and pulp firmness were evaluated after the harvest. The evaluated treatments presented significant differences for the physiological variables. The treatment DSLL provided higher number of fruits and fruit yield, and the treatment MSBP provided the lowest results for these variables

Dedicated versus mainstreaming approaches in local climate plans in Europe

Cities are gaining prominence committing to respond to the threat of climate change, e.g., by developing local climate plans or strategies. However, little is known regarding the approaches and processes of plan development and implementation, or the success and effectiveness of proposed measures. Mainstreaming is regarded as one approach associated with (implementation) success, but the extent of integration of local climate policies and plans in ongoing sectoral and/or development planning is unclear. This paper analyses 885 cities across the 28 European countries to create a first reference baseline on the degree of climate mainstreaming in local climate plans. This will help to compare the benefits of mainstreaming versus dedicated climate plans, looking at policy effectiveness and ultimately delivery of much needed climate change efforts at the city level. All core cities of the European Urban Audit sample were analyzed, and their local climate plans classified as dedicated or mainstreamed in other local policy initiatives. It was found that the degree of mainstreaming is low for mitigation (9% of reviewed cities; 12% of the identified plans) and somewhat higher for adaptation (10% of cities; 29% of plans). In particular horizontal mainstreaming is a major effort for local authorities; an effort that does not necessarily pay off in terms of success of action implementation. This study concludes that climate change issues in local municipalities are best tackled by either, developing a dedicated local climate plan in parallel to a mainstreamed plan or by subsequently developing first the dedicated and later a mainstreaming plan (joint or subsequent “dual track approach”). Cities that currently provide dedicated local climate plans (66% of cities for mitigation; 26% of cities for adaptation) may follow-up with a mainstreaming approach. This promises effective implementation of tangible climate actions as well as subsequent diffusion of climate issues into other local sector policies. The development of only broad sustainability or resilience strategies is seen as critical.We thank the many council representatives that supported the datacollection. Special thanks to Birgit Georgi who helped in setting up this large net work of researchers across the EU-28. We also thank the EU COST Action TU 0902 (ledbyRichardDawson) that established the core research network and the positive engagement and interaction of th emembers of this group. OH is Fellow of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research and was funded by the UK EPSRC LC Transforms: Low Carbon Transitions of Fleet Operations in Metropolitan Sites Project (grant number EP/N010612/1). EKL was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, Czechia, within the National Sustainability Program I (NPU I) (grant number LO1415). DG ac-knowledges support by the Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR), Italy ("Departments of Excellence" grant L. 232/2016). HO was supported by the Ministry of Education and Research, Estonia (grantnumberIUT34-17). MO acknowledges funding from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), Spain (grant number IJCI-2016-28835). SS acknowledges that CENSE's research is partially funded by the Science Foundation, Portugal (grant number UID/AMB/04085/2019). The paper reflects only the views of the authors. The European Union, the European Environment Agency or other supporting bodies are not liable for any use that may be made of the information that is provided in this manuscript

Produtividade e características físico-químicas dos frutos da lima ácida Tahiti sob diferentes disposições de microaspersores.

O adequado manejo de água de irrigação é fundamental para maximização da produção e melhoria da qualidade dos frutos da lima ácida 'Tahiti' no semiárido. O trabalho visou avaliar a influência de diferentes disposições de microaspersores, na produtividade e características físico-químicas dos frutos, nos diferentes quadrantes da planta, num pomar de lima ácida 'Tahiti', com quatro anos, plantada no espaçamento de 5,0 x 7,0 m. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, sendo: T1 ? um microaspersor por planta, localizado entre plantas ao longo da fileira; T2 ? um microaspersor para duas plantas, também ao longo da fileira; e T3 ? um microaspersor por planta, localizado a 0,3 m da planta, e seis repetições. Foram consideradas parcelas subdivididas, nas quais se avaliou os frutos nos quadrantes norte, sul, leste e oeste da planta. Os valores de produtividade média apresentaram diferença significativa entre os tratamentos T2 (19.506 kg ha-1) e T1 (13.545 kg ha-1). Os frutos do T3 e T2 apresentaram teor de ácido ascórbico superior aos do T1. Os valores de sólidos solúveis, peso médio de frutos e ácido cítrico apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os quadrantes, demonstrando influência da disposição dos microaspersores sobre os parâmetros físico-químicos dos frutos da lima ácida 'Tahiti', em condições semiáridas de cultivo

Sunshine, rainfall, humidity and child pneumonia in the tropics: time-series analyses

Few studies have formally examined the relationship between meteorological factors and the incidence of child pneumonia in the tropics, despite the fact that most child pneumonia deaths occur there. We examined the association between four meteorological exposures (rainy days, sunshine, relative humidity, temperature) and the incidence of clinical pneumonia in young children in the Philippines using three time-series methods: correlation of seasonal patterns, distributed lag regression, and case-crossover. Lack of sunshine was most strongly associated with pneumonia in both lagged regression [overall relative risk over the following 60 days for a 1-h increase in sunshine per day was 0·67 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0·51–0·87)] and case-crossover analysis [odds ratio for a 1-h increase in mean daily sunshine 8–14 days earlier was 0·95 (95% CI 0·91–1·00)]. This association is well known in temperate settings but has not been noted previously in the tropics. Further research to assess causality is needed