La orientación escolar, profesional y personal en el marco de la educación para el cambio

El presente artículo tiene por finalidad destacar la influencia que el establecimiento de lo cambiante como canon temporal representa para el hecho educativo y la significación que adquiere la implantación de las actividades de orientación escolar, profesional y personal en el marco de una educación para el cambio

La investigación de operaciones como alternativa a la investigación pedagógica estrictamente experimental

El artículo pretende poner de manifiesto la significación que en la actualidad tiene la investigación de operaciones como una de las posibles estrategias de la investigación pedagógica científico-empírica. Está dividido en seis apartados. El primero presenta una visión panorámica de los principales tipos de investigación pedagógica científico-empírica, situando la investigación de operaciones como "ese extraño en el barrio" que se está introduciendo en la Pedagogía Experimental. Los tres aparrados siguientes se dedican a unas breves consideraciones sobre el origen, las etapas y los problemas prototipos de la investigación operativa. Los dos últimos epígrafes constituyen la parte esencial del trabajo dado que explicitan el significado que la investigación operacional tiene para el estudio complejo del proceso educativo y sinteriza las aportaciones más relevantes que este cipo de investigación ha ofrecido al campo pedagógico. El interés del artículo radica fundamentalmente en la novedad del contenido, puesto que apenas se ha escrito sobre este rema ni se han realizado investigaciones de operaciones pedagógicas en España

Air temperature equation derived from sonic temperature and water vapor mixing ratio for air flow sampled through closed-path eddy-covariance flux systems

Air temperar (T) plays a fundamental role in many aspects of the flux exchanges between the atmosphere and ecosystems. Additionally, it is critical to know where (in relation to other essential measurements) and at what frequency T must be measured to accurately describe such exchanges. In closed-path eddy-covariance (CPEC) flux systems, T can be computed from the sonic temperature (Ts) and water vapor mixing ratio that are measured by the fast-response senosrs of three-dimensional sonic anemometer and infrared gas analyzer, respectively. T then is computed by use of either T = Ts( 1+0.51 q), where q is specific humidity, or T = Ts( 1 + 0.32e∕ P) − 1 , where e is water vapor pressure and P is atmospheric pressure. Converting q and e/P into the same water vapor mixing ratio analytically reveals the difference between these two equations. This difference in a CPEC system could reach ±0.18 K, bringing an uncertainty into the accuracy of T from both equations and raises the question of which equation is better. To clarify the uncertainty and to answer this question, the derivation of T equations in terms of Ts and H2O-related variables is thoroughly studied. The two equations above were developed with approximations. Therefore, neither of their accuracies were evaluated, nor was the question answered. Based on the first principles, this study derives the T equation in terms of Ts and water vapor molar mixing ratio (c H2O) without any assumption and approximation. Thus, this equation itself does not have any error and the accuracy in T from this equation (equation-computed T) depends solely on the measurement accuracies of Ts and c H2O . Based on current specifications for Ts and c H2O in the CPEC300 series and given their maximized measurement uncertainties, the accuracy in equation-computed T is specified within ±1.01 K. This accuracy uncertainty is propagated mainly (±1.00K) from the uncertainty in Ts measurements and little (±0.03K) from the uncertainty in c H2O measurements. Apparently, the improvement on measurement technologies particularly for Ts would be a key to narrow this accuracy range. Under normal sensor and weather conditions, the specified accuracy is overestimated and actual accuracy is better. Equation-computed T has frequency response equivalent to high-frequency Ts and is insensitive to solar contamination during measurements. As synchronized at a temporal scale of measurement frequency and matched at a spatial scale of measurement volume with all aerodynamic and thermodynamic variables, this T has its advanced merits in boundary-layer meteorology and applied meteorology

Natural course of post COVID-19 condition and implications for trial design and outcome selection: A population-based longitudinal cohort study

Background Evidence from population-based studies on the longer-term natural course of post COVID-19 condition is limited, but crucial for informing patients and healthcare providers and for effectively designing clinical trials. Objectives To evaluate longer-term symptoms and health outcomes within a cohort of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. Design Population-based, longitudinal cohort. Setting General population, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland. Patients 1543 adults with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and 628 adults without infection. Measurements Changes in self-reported health status over time, factors associated with persistence of non-recovery, and prevalence and excess risk of symptoms at 6 and 12 months post-infection compared to non-infected individuals. Results 25% of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals did not recover by 6 months. Of those, 67% and 58% also did not recover at 12 and 18 months after infection, respectively. Hospitalization for acute COVID-19, pre-existing fatigue and pain or discomfort, and presence of specific systemic, cardiovascular, or musculoskeletal symptoms at 6 months were associated with persistent non-recovery. Symptom prevalence was higher among infected individuals compared to non-infected individuals at 6 months (adjusted risk difference (aRD)=17%) and 12 months (aRD=20%). aRDs for individual symptoms ranged from 2% to 12%, with the highest excess risks observed for altered taste or smell, post-exertional malaise, fatigue, and reduced concentration and memory. Limitations We relied on self-reported assessments and did not assess the effects of vaccination or infection with emerging variants of concern. Conclusion These findings emphasize the need for effective interventions to reduce the burden of post COVID-19 condition. They further demonstrate the importance of using multiple outcome measures and of considering the expected rates of natural recovery and heterogenous patient trajectories in the design and interpretation of clinical trials

Based on Atmospheric Physics and Ecological Principle to Assess the Accuracies of Field CO2 /H2O Measurements From Infrared Gas Analyzers in Closed-Path Eddy-Covariance Systems

Field CO2 /H2O measurements from infrared gas analyzers in closed-path eddy-covariance systems have wide applications in earth sciences. Knowledge about exactness of these measurements is required to assess measurement applicability. Although the analyzers are specified with uncertainty components (zero drift, gain drift, cross-sensitivities, and precision), exactness for individual measurements is unavailable due to an absence of methodology to comprehend the components as an overall uncertainty. Adopting an advanced definition of accuracy as a range of all measurement uncertainty sources, the specified components are composited into a model formulated for studying analyzers’ CO2 /H2O accuracy equations. Based on atmospheric physics and environmental parameters, the analyzers are evaluated using the equations for CO2 accuracy (±0.78 µmolCO2 mol−1, relatively ±0.18%) and H2O accuracy (±0.15 mmolH2 O mol−1). Evaluation shows that precision and cross-sensitivity are minor uncertainties while zero and gain drifts are major uncertainties. Both drifts need adjusting through zero/span procedures during field maintenance. The equations provide rationales to guide and assess the procedures. H2O span needs more attentions under humid conditions. Under freezing conditions while H2O span is impractical, this span is fortunately unnecessary. Under the same conditions, H2O zero drift dominates H2O measurement uncertainty. Therefore, automatic zero becomes a more applicable and necessary tactic. In general cases of atmospheric CO2 background, automatic CO2 zero/ span procedures can narrow CO2 accuracy by 36% (±0.74 to ± 0.47 µmolCO2 mol−1). Automatic/manual H2 O zero/span procedures can narrow H2O accuracy by 27% (±0.15 to ±0.11 mmolH2O mol−1). While ensuring system specifications, the procedures guided by equations improve measurement accuracies

Mental health of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 during mandated isolation and compliance with recommendations-A population-based cohort study

BACKGROUND: Isolation is an indispensable measure to contain the SARS-CoV-2 virus, but it may have a negative impact on mental health and overall wellbeing. Evidence on the isolation experience, facilitating and complicating factors is needed to mitigate negative effects. METHODS AND FINDINGS: This observational, population-based cohort study enrolled 1547 adults from the general population with SARS-CoV-2 infection reported to authorities between 27 February 2020 and 19 January 2021 in Zurich, Switzerland. We assessed the proportion of individuals reporting symptoms of depression and anxiety before, during and after isolation (by DASS-21), and queried worries, positive experiences, and difficulties. We analyzed the association of these outcomes with socio-demographics using ordinal regression. Additionally, we report free-text statements by participants to capture most important aspects of isolation. The proportion of participants affected by depression or anxiety increased during isolation from 10·0% to 17·1% and 9·1% to 17·6%, respectively. Ordinal regression showed that taking care of children increased the difficulty of isolation (OR 2·10, CI 1·43-3·08) and risk of non-compliance (OR 1·63, CI 1·05-2·53), especially in younger participants. A facilitating factor that individuals commonly expressed was receiving more support during isolation. CONCLUSION: Isolation due to SARS-CoV-2 presents a mental burden, especially for younger individuals and those taking care of children. Public health authorities need to train personnel and draw from community-based resources to provide targeted support, information, and guidance to individuals during isolation. Such efforts could alleviate the negative impact isolation has on the mental and physical health of individuals and ensure compliance of the population with recommendations

Interplay between non-coding rna transcription, stringent/relaxed phenotype and antibiotic production in streptomyces ambofaciens

While in recent years the key role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the regulation of gene expression has become increasingly evident, their interaction with the global regulatory circuits is still obscure. Here we analyzed the structure and organization of the transcriptome of Streptomyces ambofaciens, the producer of spiramycin. We identified ncRNAs including 45 small-RNAs (sRNAs) and 119 antisense-RNAs (asRNAs I) that appear transcribed from dedicated promoters. Some sRNAs and asRNAs are unprecedented in Streptomyces and were predicted to target mRNAs encoding proteins involved in transcription, translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis, and regulation of morphological and biochemical differentiation. We then compared ncRNA expression in three strains: (i) the wild-type strain; (ii) an isogenic pirA-defective mutant with central carbon metabolism imbalance, “relaxed” phenotype, and repression of antibiotic production; and (iii) a pirA-derivative strain harboring a “stringent” RNA polymerase that suppresses pirA-associated phenotypes. Data indicated that the expression of most ncRNAs was correlated to the stringent/relaxed phenotype suggesting novel effector mechanisms of the stringent response

Interpretative and predictive modelling of Joint European Torus collisionality scans

Transport modelling of Joint European Torus (JET) dimensionless collisionality scaling experiments in various operational scenarios is presented. Interpretative simulations at a fixed radial position are combined with predictive JETTO simulations of temperatures and densities, using the TGLF transport model. The model includes electromagnetic effects and collisions as well as (E)over-right-arrow x (b)over-right-arrow shear in Miller geometry. Focus is on particle transport and the role of the neutral beam injection (NBI) particle source for the density peaking. The experimental 3-point collisionality scans include L-mode, and H-mode (D and H and higher beta D plasma) plasmas in a total of 12 discharges. Experimental results presented in (Tala et al 2017 44th EPS Conf.) indicate that for the H-mode scans, the NBI particle source plays an important role for the density peaking, whereas for the L-mode scan, the influence of the particle source is small. In general, both the interpretative and predictive transport simulations support the experimental conclusions on the role of the NBI particle source for the 12 JET discharges.Peer reviewe