540 research outputs found
Electron-phonon interaction and antiferromagnetic correlations
We study effects of the Coulomb repulsion on the electron-phonon interaction
(EPI) in a model of cuprates at zero and finite doping. We find that
antiferromagnetic correlations strongly enhance EPI effects on the electron
Green's function with respect to the paramagnetic correlated system, but the
net effect of the Coulomb interaction is a moderate suppression of the EPI.
Doping leads to additional suppression, due to reduced antiferromagnetic
correlations. In contrast, the Coulomb interaction strongly suppresses EPI
effects on phonons, but the suppression weakens with doping.Comment: 4 pages and 5 figure
Local magnetic moments in iron and nickel at ambient and Earth's core conditions
Some Bravais lattices have a particular geometry that can slow down the
motion of Bloch electrons by pre-localization due to the band-structure
properties. Another known source of electronic localization in solids is the
Coulomb repulsion in partially filled d- or f-orbitals, which leads to the
formation of local magnetic moments. The combination of these two effects is
usually considered of little relevance to strongly correlated materials. Here
we show that it represents, instead, the underlying physical mechanism in two
of the most important ferromagnets: nickel and iron. In nickel, the van Hove
singularity has an unexpected impact on the magnetism. As a result, the
electron-electron scattering rate is linear in temperature, in violation of the
conventional Landau theory of metals. This is true even at Earth's core
pressures, at which iron is instead a good Fermi liquid. The importance of
nickel in models of geomagnetism may have therefore to be reconsidered.Comment: Supplementary Information available at
https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms16062#supplementary-informatio
TANNINS FROM RUBUS AND FRAGARIA BERRIES FOR THE CONTROL OF GASTRIC INFLAMMATION: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES
Gastritis and ulcers are very common inflammatory-based diseases which can be caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, chemical factors or immunological disorders[3]. H. pylori is the leading cause of gastritis[1], it colonizes the gastric mucosa of over 80% of human population in developing countries[3] and at least 50% of the world\u2019s human population[36]. Gastric epithelial cells, during H. pylori infection, show increased levels of cytokines/chemokines including IL-1\u3b2, IL-6, TNF\u3b1 and IL-8[66]. Epithelial cells stimulated with TNF\u3b1, IL-1\u3b2 or bacterial infection, release a variety of cytokines (TNF\u3b1, IL-1\u3b2, IL-8) and increase expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS). The activation of nuclear factor \u3baB (NF-\u3baB) is deeply involved in the control of transcription of inflammatory mediators in the stomach[95]. Ellagitannins (ET) have shown anti-inflammatory and anti-H.pylori properties; however, their anti-inflammatory activity at gastric level was not previously investigated. Rubus berries (raspberries and blackberries) and Fragaria berries (strawberries) are considered a rich source of phenolic compounds, including anthocyanins, tannins, ET and ellagic acid (EA) derivatives conjugated[308].
The aim of the present research was to evaluate the effects of tannins, in particular ET, from Rubus and Fragaria berries, the most common sources of ET in the European diet, on gastric inflammation.
Tannin enriched extracts (TEs) were prepared from Rubus fruticosus L. (blackberry), Rubus idaeus L. (raspberry), Fragaria X ananassa Duch. (strawberry) and Fragaria vesca L. (wild strawberry). The anti-inflammatory activity was tested in vitro on gastric cell line AGS stimulated by TNF\u3b1 and IL-1\u3b2. TEs inhibited TNF\u3b1-induced NF-\u3baB driven transcription and reduced NF-kB nuclear translocation. TEs inhibited also IL-8 secretion induced by TNF\u3b1 and IL-1\u3b2 at low concentrations (IC50 range: 0.5\u20138.8 \ub5g/mL). The effect of an in vitro gastric digestion on TEs activity was also evaluated. Sanguiin H-6, lambertianin C, (the major ET present in Rubus berries) and agrimoniin (ET from Fragaria berries), were found to be responsible, at least in part, for the effect of the mixtures. In vivo the protective effect of TEs was evaluated in a rat model of ethanol-induced gastric lesions. Rats were treated orally for ten days with 20 mg/kg/day of TEs, and ethanol was given one hour before the sacrifice. Gastric mucosa was isolated and used for the determination of IL-8 release, NF-\u3baB nuclear translocation, Trolox equivalents, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. TEs of blackberry and raspberry decreased Ulcer Index by 88% and 75% respectively and protected from the ethanol-induced oxidative stress in rats. CINC-1 (the rat homologue of IL-8) secretion in the gastric mucosa was reduced in the animals receiving blackberry and raspberry TEs. The effect of TEs on CINC-1 was associated to a decrease of NF-\u3baB nuclear translocation in TEs treated animals.
The anti-inflammatory activity exerted by TEs occurs at extremely low concentrations, even below the concentration of 1 \u3bcg/mL, values that are considered easy to reach by the ingestion of a portion of berries (approximately 5 mg/mL). These results show that tannins interfere with the metabolic cascade deriving from the activation and translocation of NF-\u3baB that in turn activates the transcription of target genes involved in inflammation, including IL-8. ET do not require any absorption to reach the stomach and their concentrations are not reduced by metabolic processes in this district. In this study was demonstrated for the first time that ET from blackberries and raspberries are able to protect the stomach against the gastric lesions caused by ethanol. The outcome of this research suggests the use of ET as integration in dietary regimens designed for treat or prevent inflammatory gastric diseases
Evidence for a Bulk Complex Order-Parameter in Y0.9Ca0.1Ba2Cu3O7-delta Thin Films
We have measured the penetration depth of overdoped Y0.9Ca0.1Ba2Cu3O7-delta
(Ca-YBCO) thin films using two different methods. The change of the penetration
depth as a function of temperature has been measured using the parallel plate
resonator (PPR), while its absolute value was obtained from a quasi-optical
transmission measurements. Both sets of measurements are compatible with an
order parameter of the form: Delta*dx2-y2+i*delta*dxy, with Delta=14.5 +- 1.5
meV and delta=1.8 meV, indicating a finite gap at low temperature. Below 15 K
the drop of the scattering rate of uncondensed carriers becomes steeper in
contrast to a flattening observed for optimally doped YBCO films. This decrease
supports our results on the penetration depth temperature dependence. The
findings are in agreement with tunneling measurements on similar Ca-YBCO thin
films.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure
Phonon softening and dispersion in the 1D Holstein model of spinless fermions
We investigate the effect of electron-phonon interaction on the phononic
properties in the one-dimensional half-filled Holstein model of spinless
fermions. By means of determinantal Quantum Monte Carlo simulation we show that
the behavior of the phonon dynamics gives a clear signal of the transition to a
charge-ordered phase, and the phase diagram obtained in this way is in
excellent agreement with previous DMRG results. By analyzing the phonon
propagator we extract the renormalized phonon frequency, and study how it first
softens as the transition is approached and then subsequently hardens in the
charge-ordered phase. We then show how anharmonic features develop in the
phonon propagator, and how the interaction induces a sizable dispersion of the
dressed phonon in the non-adiabatic regime.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure
Static vs. dynamical mean field theory of Mott antiferromagnets
Studying the antiferromagnetic phase of the Hubbard model by dynamical mean
field theory, we observe striking differences with static (Hartree-Fock) mean
field: The Slater band is strongly renormalized and spectral weight is
transferred to spin-polaron side bands. Already for intermediate values of the
interaction the overall bandwidth is larger than in Hartree-Fock, and the
gap is considerably smaller. Such differences survive any renormalization of
. Our photoemission experiments for Cr-doped VO show spectra
qualitatively well described by dynamical mean field theory.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures - one figure added and further details about
quasiparticle dispersio
Adaptive hard and tough mechanical response in single-crystal B1 VNx ceramics via control of anion vacancies
High hardness and toughness are generally considered mutually exclusive
properties for single-crystal ceramics. Combining experiments and ab initio
molecular dynamics (AIMD) atomistic simulations at room temperature, we
demonstrate that both the hardness and toughness of single-crystal
NaCl-structure VNx/MgO(001) thin films are simultaneously enhanced through the
incorporation of anion vacancies. Nanoindentation results show that VN0.8, here
considered as representative understoichiometric VNx system, is ~20% harder, as
well as more resistant to fracture than stoichiometric VN samples. AIMD
modeling of VN and VN0.8 supercells subjected to [001] and [110] elongation
reveal that the tensile strengths of the two materials are similar.
Nevertheless, while the stoichiometric VN phase systematically cleaves in a
brittle manner at tensile yield points, the understoichiometric compound
activates transformation-toughening mechanisms that dissipate accumulated
stresses. AIMD simulations also show that VN0.8 exhibits an initially greater
resistance to both {110} and {111} shear deformation than VN.
However, for progressively increasing shear strains, the VN0.8 mechanical
behavior gradually evolves from harder to more ductile than VN. The transition
is mediated by anion vacancies, which facilitate {110} and {111}
lattice slip by reducing activation shear stresses by as much as 35%.
Electronic-structure analyses show that the two-regime hard/tough mechanical
response of VN0.8 primarily stems from its intrinsic ability to transfer d
electrons between 2nd-neighbor and 4th-neighbor (i.e., across vacancy sites)
V-V metallic states. Our work offers a route for electronic-structure design of
hard materials in which a plastic mechanical response is triggered with
loading
Effect of hypoxia on gene expression in cell populations involved in wound healing
Wound healing is a complex process regulated by multiple signals and consisting of several phases known as haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. Keratinocytes, endothelial cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts are the major cell populations involved in wound healing process. Hypoxia plays a critical role in this process since cells sense and respond to hypoxic conditions by changing gene expression. This study assessed the in vitro expression of 77 genes involved in angiogenesis, metabolism, cell growth, proliferation and apoptosis in human keratinocytes (HaCaT), microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1), differentiated macrophages (THP-1), and dermal fibroblasts (HDF). Results indicated that the gene expression profiles induced by hypoxia were cell-type specific. In HMEC-1 and differentiated THP-1, most of the genes modulated by hypoxia encode proteins involved in angiogenesis or belonging to cytokines and growth factors. In HaCaT and HDF, hypoxia mainly affected the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in cell metabolism. This work can help to enlarge the current knowledge about the mechanisms through which a hypoxic environment influences wound healing processes at the molecular level
- …