Gaps and barriers in the control of blood glucose in people with type 2 diabetes

Background: Glycaemic control is suboptimal in a large proportion of people with type 2 diabetes who are consequently at an increased and avoidable risk of potentially severe complications. We sought to explore attitudes and practices among healthcare professionals that may contribute to suboptimal glycaemic control through a review of recent relevant publications in the scientific literature. Methods: An electronic search of the PubMed database was performed to identify relevant publications from January 2011 to July 2015. The electronic search was complemented by a manual search of abstracts from key diabetes conferences in 2014/2015 available online. Results: Recently published data indicate that glycaemic control is suboptimal in a substantial proportion (typically 40%-60%) of people with diabetes. This is the case across geographic regions and in both low- and higher-income countries. Therapeutic inertia appears to be an important contributor to poor glycaemic control in up to half of people with type 2 diabetes. In particular, prescribers are often willing to tolerate extended periods of 'mild' hyperglycaemia as well as having low expectations for their patients. There are often delays of 3 years or longer in initiating or intensifying glucose-lowering therapy when needed. Conclusion: Many people with type 2 diabetes are failed by current management, with approximately half not achieving or maintaining appropriate target blood glucose levels, leaving these patients at increased and avoidable risk of serious complications. Review criteria: The methodology of this review article is detailed in the 'Methods' section

Iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia (Irida): a propósito de un caso

Poster [PC-130] Introducción: IRIDA es una entidad que cursa con anemia ferropénica, de herencia autosómica recesiva, aunque se han reportado algunos casos que son sólo heterocigotos (herencia autosómica dominante), debidos a mutaciones en el gen TMPRSS6 que codifica la proteína matriptasa-2. Se cree que la prevalencia de IRIDA es inferior a 1: 1.000.000, pero probablemente está infradiagnosticada. Caso clínico: Mujer de 17 años con antecedentes personales de retraso psicomotor y trastorno de espectro autista. Cariotipo 46 XX, descartándose síndrome X-frágil FRAXA, síndrome de Angelman y síndrome de Rett. Ha presentado varios episodios de trastornos de conducta con desorganización motora y dificultad de convivencia. Controlada en Hematología desde 2015 por anemia microcítica hipocrómica ferropénica sin respuesta al hierro oral y con respuesta parcial al hierro intravenoso. A lo largo del seguimiento en esta consulta se han descartado enfermedad celiaca (anticuerpos anti-gliadina (IgG e IgA), anti-transglutaminasa (IgA) negativos), helicobacter pylori (test del aliento negativo), pérdidas digestivas de hierro (sangre oculta en heces negativa), pérdidas urinarias y pulmonares. Ha presentado niveles bajos de hemoglobina (máximo 69 g/L) con microcitosis importante (máximo VCM 68, 50 fl) e índices de saturación de hasta 2, 5%. Desarrollo ponderoestatural y puberal normal. Tras recibir diferentes compuestos de hierro oral, sin respuesta a ninguno de ellos, se inicia tratamiento con hierro endovenoso, precisando medidas de contención para la administración del mismo, motivo por el que ha recibido tratamiento con hierro-carboximaltosa (Ferinject®) 500 mg, permitiendo administrar mayor cantidad de hierro en una sola dosis (Figura 1 y 2). Ante la sospecha de IRIDA se solicita un análisis de mutaciones puntuales en el gen TMPRSS6 que codifica la proteína matriptasa-2. La paciente no presenta mutaciones puntuales en las regiones analizadas, sin embargo, en el análisis de las secuencias se observan los siguientes polimorfismos (SNPs) en el gen TMPRSS6: p.Lys253Glu (exón 7), IVS7+23A>G (intrón 7), p.Val736Ala (exón17) interpretados como variantes benignas (no patogénicas). Conclusiones: Existen aproximadamente 69 defectos diferentes del gen TMPRSS6 en 65 familias diferentes. Sin embargo, están apareciendo nuevas mutaciones, no descritas por el momento y que podrían ser causa IRIDA, respaldando la hipótesis de que este síndrome clínico puede ser más común de lo que se pensaba anteriormente y su genética ser más heterogénea de lo que se describió inicialmente. Además se han descrito nuevos polimorfimos como p.Val736Ala que asocian mayor susceptibilidad al desarrollo de anemia ferropénica. Dado que su cuadro neurológico sigue sin diagnóstico preciso, ante la presencia concomitante de estos polimorfismos, se decide el estudio de secuenciación del exoma completo

Z-inertial fusion energy: power plant final report FY 2006.

This report summarizes the work conducted for the Z-inertial fusion energy (Z-IFE) late start Laboratory Directed Research Project. A major area of focus was on creating a roadmap to a z-pinch driven fusion power plant. The roadmap ties ZIFE into the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP) initiative through the use of high energy fusion neutrons to burn the actinides of spent fuel waste. Transmutation presents a near term use for Z-IFE technology and will aid in paving the path to fusion energy. The work this year continued to develop the science and engineering needed to support the Z-IFE roadmap. This included plant system and driver cost estimates, recyclable transmission line studies, flibe characterization, reaction chamber design, and shock mitigation techniques

Proceedings of the 3rd Biennial Conference of the Society for Implementation Research Collaboration (SIRC) 2015: advancing efficient methodologies through community partnerships and team science

It is well documented that the majority of adults, children and families in need of evidence-based behavioral health interventionsi do not receive them [1, 2] and that few robust empirically supported methods for implementing evidence-based practices (EBPs) exist. The Society for Implementation Research Collaboration (SIRC) represents a burgeoning effort to advance the innovation and rigor of implementation research and is uniquely focused on bringing together researchers and stakeholders committed to evaluating the implementation of complex evidence-based behavioral health interventions. Through its diverse activities and membership, SIRC aims to foster the promise of implementation research to better serve the behavioral health needs of the population by identifying rigorous, relevant, and efficient strategies that successfully transfer scientific evidence to clinical knowledge for use in real world settings [3]. SIRC began as a National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)-funded conference series in 2010 (previously titled the “Seattle Implementation Research Conference”; $150,000 USD for 3 conferences in 2011, 2013, and 2015) with the recognition that there were multiple researchers and stakeholdersi working in parallel on innovative implementation science projects in behavioral health, but that formal channels for communicating and collaborating with one another were relatively unavailable. There was a significant need for a forum within which implementation researchers and stakeholders could learn from one another, refine approaches to science and practice, and develop an implementation research agenda using common measures, methods, and research principles to improve both the frequency and quality with which behavioral health treatment implementation is evaluated. SIRC’s membership growth is a testament to this identified need with more than 1000 members from 2011 to the present.ii SIRC’s primary objectives are to: (1) foster communication and collaboration across diverse groups, including implementation researchers, intermediariesi, as well as community stakeholders (SIRC uses the term “EBP champions” for these groups) – and to do so across multiple career levels (e.g., students, early career faculty, established investigators); and (2) enhance and disseminate rigorous measures and methodologies for implementing EBPs and evaluating EBP implementation efforts. These objectives are well aligned with Glasgow and colleagues’ [4] five core tenets deemed critical for advancing implementation science: collaboration, efficiency and speed, rigor and relevance, improved capacity, and cumulative knowledge. SIRC advances these objectives and tenets through in-person conferences, which bring together multidisciplinary implementation researchers and those implementing evidence-based behavioral health interventions in the community to share their work and create professional connections and collaborations

Caracterización de películas delgadas de CdTe crecidas a partir de CdTesinterizado en forma de pastilla

Se depositaron películas delgadas de CdTe a partir de pastilla mediante la técnica de transporte de vapor en espacio cerrado con pared caliente (CSVT-HW). La caracterización óptica (mediante espectroscopía fotoacústica) y estructural (Difracción de Rayos X) demuestran la calidad de las películas obtenidas