Micosis asociadas a pacientes VIH + / SIDA

Diferentes factores asociados al desarrollo y al progreso, han logrado que la prevalencia de las micosis se haya incrementado dramáticamente en los últimos años, hecho relacionado con el deterioro de los mecanismos defensivos que le permiten al individuo normal contrarrestar estas enfermedades. Indudablemente los avances de la medicina han producido como contrapartida un aumento de las infecciones oportunistas, donde se encuentran mohos y levaduras ambientales y propias del hombre como patógenos potenciales, aunque ninguno de los factores citados han influido tanto en el aumento de la incidencia de las micosis, como la pandemia del SIDA a partir del año 1980, donde la población susceptible a las micosis oportunistas se ha incrementado notablemente, aumentando también el número de especies fúngicas involucradas (emergentes), dando origen a manifestaciones clínicas diversas que van desde un cuadro febril mal definido a un estado septicémico fatal, así como nuevas nomenclaturas, clasificaciones y criterios taxonómicos.Mesa: Micosis HIV-SIDA.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Micosis asociadas a pacientes VIH + / SIDA

Diferentes factores asociados al desarrollo y al progreso, han logrado que la prevalencia de las micosis se haya incrementado dramáticamente en los últimos años, hecho relacionado con el deterioro de los mecanismos defensivos que le permiten al individuo normal contrarrestar estas enfermedades. Indudablemente los avances de la medicina han producido como contrapartida un aumento de las infecciones oportunistas, donde se encuentran mohos y levaduras ambientales y propias del hombre como patógenos potenciales, aunque ninguno de los factores citados han influido tanto en el aumento de la incidencia de las micosis, como la pandemia del SIDA a partir del año 1980, donde la población susceptible a las micosis oportunistas se ha incrementado notablemente, aumentando también el número de especies fúngicas involucradas (emergentes), dando origen a manifestaciones clínicas diversas que van desde un cuadro febril mal definido a un estado septicémico fatal, así como nuevas nomenclaturas, clasificaciones y criterios taxonómicos.Mesa: Micosis HIV-SIDA.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Micosis asociadas a pacientes VIH + / SIDA

Diferentes factores asociados al desarrollo y al progreso, han logrado que la prevalencia de las micosis se haya incrementado dramáticamente en los últimos años, hecho relacionado con el deterioro de los mecanismos defensivos que le permiten al individuo normal contrarrestar estas enfermedades. Indudablemente los avances de la medicina han producido como contrapartida un aumento de las infecciones oportunistas, donde se encuentran mohos y levaduras ambientales y propias del hombre como patógenos potenciales, aunque ninguno de los factores citados han influido tanto en el aumento de la incidencia de las micosis, como la pandemia del SIDA a partir del año 1980, donde la población susceptible a las micosis oportunistas se ha incrementado notablemente, aumentando también el número de especies fúngicas involucradas (emergentes), dando origen a manifestaciones clínicas diversas que van desde un cuadro febril mal definido a un estado septicémico fatal, así como nuevas nomenclaturas, clasificaciones y criterios taxonómicos.Mesa: Micosis HIV-SIDA.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Anatomical Studies of Two Jatropha Species with Importance for Biodiesel Production

Jatropha curcas L. and Jatropha macrocarpa Griseb. (Euphorbiaceae) are perennial species adapted to marginal conditions not suitable for agriculture, and have been recently exploited for oil and biodiesel production. The anatomy of different organs in members of this family exhibits a wide range of variations. However, knowledge of anatomical features is still incomplete. The aim of the present work was to analyze the anatomical structure of stem, leaf and root of J. curcas and J. macrocarpa seedling cultivated in a greenhouse. Fixed samples were properly treated using triple stain hematoxylin, safranin and fast green. Primary roots were diarch and triarch in J. curcas, whereas in J. macrocarpa were diarch and the cortex showed parenchyma cells, larger in J. macrocarpa than J. curcas. Stem cortex was thicker in J. macrocarpa than in J. curcas. Both species had parenchyma cells with cystolith, chloroplasts, laticifers and starch granules, these being more abundant in J. macrocarpa. Leaves were characterized by dorsoventral anatomy, with the epiderm showing amphistomatic condition with high stomata density at the lower surface. Both Jatropha species had paracytic stomata. Druses and non-articulated branched laticifers were recorded in the mesophyll. Some of the different anatomical features of J. curcas and J. macrocarpa could explain the different tolerance to abiotic stress

Numerical study of interface cracking in composite structures using a novel geometrically nonlinear Linear Elastic Brittle Interface Model: Mixed-mode fracture conditions and application to structured interfaces

Interface cracking is one of the most prominent failure modes in fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. Recent trends in high-tech applications of FRP composites exploit the limits of the load bearing capacity, generally encompassing the development of notable nonlinear effects from geometrical and material signatures. In this investigation, we present a comprehensive assessment of the new Linear Elastic Brittle Interface Model (LEBIM) in geometrically nonlinear applications undergoing mixed-mode fracture conditions. This interface model for triggering fracture events is formulated through the advocation of continuum-like assumptions (for initial non-zero interface thickness) and allows the incorporation of the potential role of the in-plane deformation effects. The performance of the present interface model is demonstrated through the simulation of specimens with mixed-mode delamination, with special attention for its application in samples equipped with structured interfaces. Current predictions exhibit an excellent agreement with respect to experimental data, validating the proposed methodology

Variability in concentrations of potentially toxic elements in urban parks from six European cities

Use of a harmonised sampling regime has allowed comparison of concentrations of copper, chromium, nickel, lead and zinc in six urban parks located in different European cities differing markedly in their climate and industrial history. Wide concentrations ranges were found for copper, lead and zinc at most sites, but for chromium and nickel a wide range was only seen in the Italian park, where levels were also considerably greater than in other soils. As might be expected, the soils from older cities with a legacy of heavy manufacturing industry (Glasgow, Torino) were richest in potentially toxic elements (PTEs); soils from Ljubljana, Sevilla and Uppsala had intermediate metal contents, and soils from the most recently established park, in the least industrialised city (Aveiro), displayed lowest concentrations. When principal component analysis was applied to the data, associations were revealed between pH and organic carbon content; and between all five PTEs. When pH and organic carbon content were excluded from the PCA, a distinction became clear between copper, lead and zinc (the "urban" metals) on the one hand, and chromium and nickel on the other. Similar results were obtained for the surface (0-10 cm depth) and sub-surface (10-20 cm depth) samples. Comparisons with target or limit concentrations were limited by the existence of different legislation in different countries and the fact that few guidelines deal specifically with public-access urban soils intended for recreational use

Computational modelling of hydrogen assisted fracture in polycrystalline materials

We present a combined phase field and cohesive zone formulation for hydrogen embrittlement that resolves the polycrystalline microstructure of metals. Unlike previous studies, our deformation-diffusion-fracture modelling framework accounts for hydrogen-microstructure interactions and explicitly captures the interplay between bulk (transgranular) fracture and intergranular fracture, with the latter being facilitated by hydrogen through mechanisms such as grain boundary decohesion. We demonstrate the potential of the theoretical and computational formulation presented by simulating inter- and trans-granular cracking in relevant case studies. Firstly, verification calculations are conducted to show how the framework predicts the expected qualitative trends. Secondly, the model is used to simulate recent experiments on pure Ni and a Ni-Cu superalloy that have attracted particular interest. We show that the model is able to provide a good quantitative agreement with testing data and yields a mechanistic rationale for the experimental observations

Jatropha curcas L. and J. macrocarpa Griseb : seed morphology, viability, dormancy, germination and growth of seedlings

Tavecchio, Nancy E. de las M. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agropecuarias. Laboratorio Fisiología Vegetal. Villa Mercedes, Argentina.Vigliocco, Ana E. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico - Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Río Cuarto, Argentina.Terenti, Oscar Antonio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Luis (EEA San Luis). San Luis, Argentina.Wassner, Diego Fernán. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Cultivos Industriales. Buenos Aires, Argentina.Reinoso, Herminda E. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico - Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Río Cuarto, Argentina.Pedranzani, Hilda E. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia. Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal. San Luis, Argentina.1835-1854To achieve a good production of a crop, it is essential to know the ability of the species to successfully complete two critical stages in the life cycle such as germination and seedling establishment. In this paper we study in comparative form structure of the seed, the importance of tegument in dormancy, the effect of accelerated aging on seed germination and viability, and the early and late growth in J. curcas and J. macrocarpa . External morphology of the seeds allow difference and internally also the embryos show evident differences. J. macrocarpa germination is around 0% - 4%. The total removal of tegument showed a 50% increase and the other treatments between 0% - 10%. Aging accelerated by Tetrazolium test allowed a comparative analysis of VP and GP. J. curcas maintains both to 96 h, while J. macrocarpa the seed viability is registered along the all treatment. J. macrocarpa seeds have less synchronicity than those of J. curcas. ABA and JAs were detected in tegument of J. macrocarpa and J. curcas seeds. JA could have a roll in inhibition of germination of J. macrocarpa seeds. Early and late growth, FW and DW of root, hypocotyl, epicotyl and leaf of J. curcas were significantly different in both species

A phase-field fracture model for fatigue using locking-free solid shell finite elements: Analysis for homogeneous materials and layered composites

A computational framework to model fatigue fracture in structures based on the phase-field method and the solid-shell concept is herein presented. With the aim of achieving a locking free solid-shell finite element formulation with fracture-prediction capabilities, both the combination of the Enhanced Assumed Strain (EAS) and Assumed Natural Strain (ANS) methods with phase field of fracture is exploited. In order to achieve realistic prediction, the crack driving force is computed using positive/negative split of the stress field. Moreover, the difference between the driving forces are pinpointed. Furthermore, based on thermodynamic considerations, the free energy function is modified to introduce the fatigue effect via a degradation of the material fracture toughness. This approach retrieves the SN curves and the crack growth curve as expected. The predictive capability of the model is evaluated through benchmark examples that include a plate with a notch, a curved shell, mode II shear, and three-point bending for homogeneous materials, as well as a dogbone specimen for homogenized fiber-reinforced composites. Additionally, comparative analysis is performed with previous results for the plate with notch and mode II shear tests, while the dogbone specimen is compared with experimental data to further validate the accuracy of the present model