2,405 research outputs found
Is Ladies\u27 Night Really Sex Discrimination?: Public Accommodation Laws, De Minimis Exceptions, and Stigmatic Injury
Is Ladies\u27 Night Really Sex Discrimination?: Public Accommodation Laws, De Minimis Exceptions, and Stigmatic Injury
Weakly Enforced Boundary Conditions for the NURBS-Based Finite Cell Method
In this paper, we present a variationally consistent formulation for the weak enforcement
of essential boundary conditions as an extension to the finite cell method, a fictitious
domain method of higher order. The absence of boundary fitted elements in fictitious domain or
immersed boundary methods significantly restricts a strong enforcement of essential boundary
conditions to models where the boundary of the solution domain coincides with the embedding
analysis domain. Penalty methods and Lagrange multiplier methods are adequate means to
overcome this limitation but often suffer from various drawbacks with severe consequences for
a stable and accurate solution of the governing system of equations. In this contribution, we
follow the idea of NITSCHE [29] who developed a stable scheme for the solution of the Laplace
problem taking weak boundary conditions into account. An extension to problems from linear
elasticity shows an appropriate behavior with regard to numerical stability, accuracy and an
adequate convergence behavior. NURBS are chosen as a high-order approximation basis to
benefit from their smoothness and flexibility in the process of uniform model refinement
Bayesian multiscale deconvolution applied to gamma-ray spectroscopy
A common task in gamma-ray astronomy is to extract spectral information, such as model constraints and incident photon spectrum estimates, given the measured energy deposited in a detector and the detector response. This is the classic problem of spectral âdeconvolutionâ or spectral inversion. The methods of forward folding (i.e., parameter fitting) and maximum entropy âdeconvolutionâ (i.e., estimating independent input photon rates for each individual energy bin) have been used successfully for gamma-ray solar flares (e.g., Rank, 1997; Share and Murphy, 1995). These methods have worked well under certain conditions but there are situations were they donât apply. These are: 1) when no reasonable model (e.g., fewer parameters than data bins) is yet known, for forward folding; 2) when one expects a mixture of broad and narrow features (e.g., solar flares), for the maximum entropy method; and 3) low count rates and low signal-to-noise, for both. Low count rates are a problem because these methods (as they have been implemented) assume Gaussian statistics but Poisson are applicable. Background subtraction techniques often lead to negative count rates. For Poisson data the Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) with a Poisson likelihood is appropriate. Without a regularization term, trying to estimate the âtrueâ individual input photon rates per bin can be an ill-posed problem, even without including both broad and narrow features in the spectrum (i.e., amultiscale approach). One way to implement this regularization is through the use of a suitable Bayesian prior. Nowak and Kolaczyk (1999) have developed a fast, robust, technique using a Bayesian multiscale framework that addresses these problems with added algorithmic advantages. We outline this new approach and demonstrate its use with time resolved solar flare gamma-ray spectroscopy
Observations of the J = 10 manifold of the pure rotational band of phosphine on Saturn
Saturn was observed in the vicinity of the J = 10 manifold of the pure rotational band of phosphine on 1984 July 10 and 12 from NASA's Kuiper Airborne Observatory with the facility far-infrared cooled grating spectrometer. On each night observations of the full disk plus rings were made at 4 to 6 discrete wavelengths which selectively sampled the manifold and the adjacent continuum. The previously reported detection of this manifold is confirmed. After subtraction of the flux due to the rings, the data are compared with disk-averaged models of Saturn. It is found that PH3 must be strongly depleted above the thermal inversion (approx. 70 mbar). The best fitting models consistent with other observational constaints indicate that PH3 is significantly depleted at even deeper atmospheric levels ( or = 500 mbar), implying an eddy diffusion coefficient for Saturn of 10 to the 4 cm sq/sec
Benchmark computations of low and high order shell elements on adaptively generated FE meshes
On the natural stabilization of convection dominated problems using high order BubnovâGalerkin finite elements
In the case of dominating convection, standard Bubnov–Galerkin finite elements are known to deliver oscillating discrete solutions for the convection–diffusion equation. This paper demonstrates that increasing the polynomial degree (p-extension) limits these artificial numerical oscillations. This is contrary to a widespread notion that an increase of the polynomial degree destabilizes the discrete solution. This treatise also provides explicit expressions as to which polynomial degree is sufficiently high to obtain stable solutions for a given PeÌclet number at the nodes of a mesh
Are There Hidden Supernovae?
Ames Research Center and UCSC have been working on the development of a Mid IR Camera for the KAO in order to search for extra galactic supernovae. The development of the camera and its associated data reduction software have been successfully completed. Spectral Imaging of the Orion Bar at 6.2 and 7.8 microns demonstrates the derotation and data reduction software which was developed
Climacteric Lowers Plasma Levels of Platelet-Derived Microparticles: A Pilot Study in Pre-versus Postmenopausal Women
Background: Climacteric increases the risk of thrombotic events by alteration of plasmatic coagulation. Up to now, less is known about changes in platelet-(PMP) and endothelial cell-derived microparticles (EMP). Methods: In this prospective study, plasma levels of microparticles (MP) were compared in 21 premenopausal and 19 postmenopausal women. Results: No altered numbers of total MP or EMP were measured within the study groups. However, the plasma values of CD61-exposing MP from platelets/megakaryocytes were higher in premenopausal women (5,364 x 10(6)/l, range 4,384-17,167) as compared to postmenopausal women (3,808 x 10(6)/l, range 2,009-8,850; p = 0.020). This differentiation was also significant for the subgroup of premenopausal women without hormonal contraceptives (5,364 x 10(6)/l, range 4,223-15,916; p = 0.047; n = 15). Furthermore, in premenopausal women, higher plasma levels of PMP exposing CD62P were also present as compared to postmenopausal women (288 x 10(6)/l, range 139-462, vs. 121 x 10(6)/l, range 74-284; p = 0.024). This difference was also true for CD63+ PMP levels (281 x 10(6)/l, range 182-551, vs. 137 x 10(6)/l, range 64-432; p = 0.015). Conclusion: Climacteric lowers the level of PMP but has no impact on the number of EMP in women. These data suggest that PMP and EMP do not play a significant role in enhancing the risk of thrombotic events in healthy, postmenopausal women. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Base
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