The effect of yeast on the anthocyanin characteristics of fermented model solutions

The sensory quality of red wines is basically determined by the colour, which depends on the amount and on the evolution of anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds extracting from the berries into the wine during wine-making. The anthocyanin-monomers are responsible for the development of the red colour, and their acylated derivatives provide stability for the colour of the wines. The anthocyanin profile of wines is affected by several factors: the grape variety, the conditions during wine-making, and also the yeast culture used for the fermentation. In our experiments a self-compiled model solution was fermented by spontaneous fermentation, as well as by four commercial yeasts under laboratory conditions. After fermentation total polyphenolics, anthocyanins, anthocyanin monomer profile, colour intensity, hue, and the ratio of polymeric anthocyanins were studied. Our results show that the spontaneous yeast fermentation resulted in a higher anthocyanin concentration in the fermented model solution, but the commercial yeast strains provided a more advantageous colour characteristic compared to the spontaneous fermentation. After the spontaneous fermentation less sediment was left than in the commercial yeast fermented samples

Compatibilidad de variedades de cerezo húngaras sobre Adara y otros patrones Prunus

3 Págs. Contribución de los autores originalmente presentada, como comunicación,en el XIII Congreso Nacional de Ciencias Hortícolas (SECH 2012): “Convergencia de las Tecnologías Hortofrutícolas” (Almería, abril 2012)El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar el grado de compatibilidad que presenta el ciruelo Adara y otros patrones Prunus para su utilización con variedades de cerezo húngaras. Entre las variedades estudiadas figuran: ‘Aida’, ‘Alex’, ‘Carmen’, ‘Kavics’, ‘Krupnoplodnaja’, ‘Rita’, ‘Sandor’ y ‘Vera’. El estudio se desarrolla sobre árboles injertados en viveros experimentales establecidos en la Estación Experimental de Aula Dei y fincas privadas comerciales. Para determinar los posibles casos de incompatibilidad del tipo ‘traslocada’ se realizaron observaciones visuales en campo durante el primer período vegetativo del árbol. Hasta la fecha no se han observado síntomas de incompatibilidad ‘traslocada’ para las combinaciones evaluadas. El diagnóstico de la incompatibilidad ‘localizada’ se realizará en años sucesivos mediante el examen macroscópico de las uniones de injerto y la determinación del grado de discontinuidad encontrado en corteza y madera.Este trabajo ha sido financiado por la acción integrada hispano-húngara del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación español (MICINN) (proyecto HH2008-0012) y de la ‘National Innovation Office’ húngara (NIH) (proyecto ES-27/2008), así como por el proyecto AGL-2008-00283 cofinanciado por FEDER, y el Gobierno de Aragón (A44).Peer reviewe

Copper(II)-benzotriazole coordination compounds in click chemistry: a diagnostic reactivity study

This diagnostic study aims to shed light on the catalytic activity of a library of Cu(II) based coordination compounds with benzotriazole-based ligands. We report herein the synthesis and characterization of five new coordination compounds formulated [CuII(L4)(MeCN)2(CF3SO3)2] (1), [CuII(L5)2(CF3SO3)2] (2), [CuII(L6)2(MeCN)(CF3SO3)]·(CF3SO3) (3), [CuII(L6)2(H2O)(CF3SO3)]·(CF3SO3)·2(Me2CO) (4), [CuI4(L1)2(L1’)2(CF3SO3)2]2·4(CF3SO3)·8(Me2CO) (5), derived from similar nitrogen-based ligands. The homogeneous catalytic activity of these compounds along with our previously reported coordination compounds (6 -13), derived from similar ligands, is tested against the well-known Cu(I)-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. The optimal catalyst [CuII(L1)2(CF3SO3)2] (10) activates the reaction to afford 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles with yields up to 98% and without requiring a reducing agent. Various control experiments are performed to optimize the method as well as examine parameters such as ligand variation, metal coordination geometry and environment, in order to elucidate the behaviour of the catalytic system

Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Platinum(II) Complexes Incorporating Racemic and Optically Active 1-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydrophosphinine Ligand

An efficient resolution method was elaborated for the preparation of (+)-4-chloro-5-methyl-1-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophosphinine oxide using the acidic Ca2+ salt of (–)-O,O-di-p-toluoyl-(2R,3R)-tartaric acid. Crystal structure of the diastereomeric complex was evaluated by single crystal X-ray analysis. Beside this, the absolute P-configuration was also determined by a CD spectroscopic study including theoretical calculations. The tetrahydrophosphinine oxide was then converted to the corresponding platinum complex whose stereostructure was investigated by high level quantum chemical calculations. The Pt-complex was tested as catalyst in the hydroformylation of styrene

SNAIL vs vitamin D receptor expression in colon cancer: therapeutics implications

Vitamin D analogues with reduced hypercalcemic activity are under clinical investigation for use against colon cancer and other neoplasias. However, only a subset of patients responds to this therapy, most probably due to loss of vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression during tumour progression. Recent data show that SNAIL transcription factor represses VDR expression, and thus abolishes the antiproliferative and prodifferentiation effects of VDR ligands in cultured cancer cells and their antitumour action in xenografted mice. Accordingly, upregulation of SNAIL in human colon tumours associates with downregulation of VDR. These findings suggest that SNAIL may be associated with loss of responsiveness to vitamin D analogues and may thus be used as an indicator of patients who are unlikely to respond to this therapy

Performance of ab initio and density functional methods for conformational equilibria of CnH2n+2 alkane isomers (n=2-8)

Conformational energies of n-butane, n-pentane, and n-hexane have been calculated at the CCSD(T) level and at or near the basis set limit. Post-CCSD(T) contribution were considered and found to be unimportant. The data thus obtained were used to assess the performance of a variety of density functional methods. Double-hybrid functionals like B2GP-PLYP and B2K-PLYP, especially with a small Grimme-type empirical dispersion correction, are capable of rendering conformational energies of CCSD(T) quality. These were then used as a `secondary standard' for a larger sample of alkanes, including isopentane and the branched hexanes as well as key isomers of heptane and octane. Popular DFT functionals like B3LYP, B3PW91, BLYP, PBE, and PBE0 tend to overestimate conformer energies without dispersion correction, while the M06 family severely underestimates GG interaction energies. Grimme-type dispersion corrections for these overcorrect and lead to qualitatively wrong conformer orderings. All of these functionals also exhibit deficiencies in the conformer geometries, particularly the backbone torsion angles. The PW6B95 and, to a lesser extent, BMK functionals are relatively free of these deficiencies. Performance of these methods is further investigated to derive conformer ensemble corrections to the enthalpy function, $H_{298}-H_0$, and the Gibbs energy function, ${\rm gef}(T)\equiv - [G(T)-H_0]/T$, of these alkanes. While $H_{298}-H_0$ is only moderately sensitive to the level of theory, ${\rm gef}(T)$ exhibits more pronounced sensitivity. Once again, double hybrids acquit themselves very well.Comment: J. Phys. Chem. A, revised [Walter Thiel festschrift

Synonymous GATA2 mutations result in selective loss of mutated RNA and are common in patients with GATA2 deficiency

Deficiency of the transcription factor GATA2 is a highly penetrant genetic disorder predisposing to myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and immunodeficiency. It has been recognized as the most common cause underlying primary MDS in children. Triggered by the discovery of a recurrent synonymousGATA2variant, we systematically investigated 911 patients with phenotype of pediatric MDS or cellular deficiencies for the presence of synonymous alterations inGATA2. In total, we identified nine individuals with five heterozygous synonymous mutations: c.351C>G, p.T117T (N = 4); c.649C>T, p.L217L; c.981G>A, p.G327G; c.1023C>T, p.A341A; and c.1416G>A, p.P472P (N = 2). They accounted for 8.2% (9/110) of cases with GATA2 deficiency in our cohort and resulted in selective loss of mutant RNA. While for the hotspot mutation (c.351C>G) a splicing error leading to RNA and protein reduction was identified, severe, likely late stage RNA loss without splicing disruption was found for other mutations. Finally, the synonymous mutations did not alter protein function or stability. In summary, synonymousGATA2substitutions are a new common cause of GATA2 deficiency. These findings have broad implications for genetic counseling and pathogenic variant discovery in Mendelian disorders

Relationship Between Biogenic Amines and Free Amino Acid Contents of Winesand Musts from Alentejo (Portugal)

The concentration of biogenic amines and free amino acids was studied in 102 Portuguese wines and 18 musts from Alentejo demarcated (D.O.C.) regions. Most wines were commercial, except for 38 monovarietals obtained by micro vinification. Musts from the varieties used to produce the latter wines were also studied. Both biogenic amines and free amino acids were analyzed by HPLC using fluorescence detection for their o-phthalaldehyde/fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (OPA/FMOC) derivatives. The most significant amines (average 10.8 mg/L for histamine+tyramine in red, and 7.4 mg/L for white wines) were found to be present at low levels and, although no important relationship between each individual biogenic amine could be obtained, the total amine content depends significantly on the assimilable amino acid content in wine