Comparing the yield of Staphylococcus aureus recovery with static versus agitated broth incubation

Given the lack of standardization of methodologies for microbial recovery from built environments, we sought to compare the yield of Staphylococcus aureus with a broth enrichment method when incubated in agitated versus static conditions. Five unique strains of S. aureus at five different concentrations were cultured to compare direct plating, agitated broth enrichment, and static broth enrichment culture methods. All samples were incubated at 35° in ambient air. The lowest concentration recovered across three replicates and five strains did not differ between culture methods (Fisher’s exact test, p=0.50); notably, recovery of S. aureus was equivalent between static and agitated broth incubation. When broth enrichment was used (both static and agitated), the burden of S. aureus growth was higher (by semiquantitative assessment of 4-quadrant streaking) compared to the direct plating culture method. Optimizing strategies for microbial recovery is essential, particularly in areas of lower biomass, given the paucity of research concerning microbial communities of built environments. The results of this study, in conjunction with other experiments investigating microbiomes of built environments, can help inform protocols for standardizing culturing methods within built environments

Radical Alkynylations with EthynylBenziodoXolones: from Photocatalysis to Direct Excitation

Ethynylbenziodoxolones (EBXs) have recently emerged as potent reagents for the alkynylation of radicals. Their combination with photocatalysis allows the synthesis of valuable alkynes at room temperature. Herein, we discuss two photomediated strategies for the synthesis of internal alkynes. The first transformation is a 1,2-oxyalkynylation of N- and O-alkenes using 4ClCzIPN as a photocatalyst. The second strategy makes use of EBXs as strong photooxidants allowing the oxidation of a variety of substrates with no need for a photocatalyst

REA and XBRL GL : synergies for the 21st century business reporting system

Incorporating an instance document example, we suggest a framework linking the Resource-Event-Agent (REA) model and eXtensible Business Reporting Language Global Ledger (XBRL GL) as a way to extend the generalized XBRL GL taxonomy. Using the REA semantic model to extend the existing XBRL GL taxonomy provides an ontology and associated process that is reusable. The resulting framework can provide uniform access to information and more reporting and query permutations, thereby facilitating more comprehensive and timely business reporting.Incorporando un ejemplo de documento instancia, sugerimos un marco que une el modelo Resource-Event-Agent (REA) – uno basado en cómo un sistema de contabilidad puede ser redirigido para la época informática – y Extensible Business Reporting Language Global Ledger (XBRL GL) – un marco global para intercambiar información en el mundo de los negocios –, como una manera de extender la taxonomía generalizada de XBRL GL. El uso del modelo semántico REA para extender dicha taxonomía, aporta un proceso ontológico y asociado que es reusable. El marco que resulta puede proporcionar un acceso uniforme a información, y a más permutaciones de informes y consultas, facilitando así información empresarial más completa y oportuna

[Bis­(4-methyl-1,3-thia­zol-2-yl-κN)methane]­tricarbonyl­dichlorido­tungsten(II)

The title compound, [WCl2(C9H10N2S2)(CO)3], is a hepta­coordinate tungsten(II) complex with a capped–octa­hedral coordination sphere in which one CO ligand caps a face formed by a chloro ligand and the two other carbonyls. The chloro ligands are mutually trans positioned at an angle of 156.98 (7)°. The chelating bis­(4-methyl-1,3-thia­zol-2-yl)methane ligand coordinates with the imine N atoms. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into chains parallel to [201] by weak C—H⋯O contacts between the CH2 group of the bis­(4-methyl­thia­zol-2-yl)methane ligand and the O atom of the capping CO group

Bis(1,1,2,2-tetramethyldiphosphane-1,2-dithione-κ2 S,S′)gold(I) trifluoro­methane­sulfonate

In the title compound, [Au(C4H12P2S2)2](CF3SO3), the gold(I) atom is tightly bonded to two S atoms belonging to different ligand mol­ecules and forms two weaker contacts to the remaining S atoms. The coordination geometry around gold is inter­mediate between linear-dicoordinate and tetra­hedral with an S—Au—S angle of 161.49 (3)°

Special Education in Juvenile Residential Facilities: Can Animals Help?

Children with emotional/behavioral disorders (EBD) are arguably one of the highest at-risk groups for dropping out before graduating high school. They are the group of students with disabilities who are most likely to be educated in residential facilities. Residential facilities such as Green Chimneys have incorporated animals into the treatment milieu with success. Animals have been used in various settings to improve the quality of life as well as the emotional and physical needs of people served by these facilities. This article describes the requirements for using animals in residential treatment, the limitations of such programs, and the research findings for the use of animal-assisted therapy or activities (AAT/AAA). Using Gardner’s (1999) iteration of his theory of multiple intelligence, the authors proposed an understanding of how these treatments might be improve the intelligence of a child with EBD. Requirements for effective treatment of special needs children were discussed

BRIC-60: Biological Research in Canisters (BRIC)-60

The Biological Research in Canisters (BRIC) is an anodized-aluminum cylinder used to provide passive stowage for investigations evaluating the effects of space flight on small organisms. Specimens flown in the BRIC 60 mm petri dish (BRIC-60) hardware include Lycoperscion esculentum (tomato), Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress), Glycine max (soybean) seedlings, Physarum polycephalum (slime mold) cells, Pothetria dispar (gypsy moth) eggs and Ceratodon purpureus (moss)