Dispute Resolution and Preventive Law: A Reply to Professor Brown

Within our discussion of scientific models and the processes of dispute resolution,\u27 we suggested a single continuum along which the strategies of Preventive Law and of ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) could be arrayed. Beneath that synthesis lay a proposition which we may not have made entirely clear: That the two bodies of hitherto separate principles address problems which are not themselves distinct

Preliminary Analysis of the Uses of Scientific Models in Dispute Prevention, Management and Resolution, A

The ambition of this article is modest-to suggest linkages at a theoretical level rather than to prove them empirically. A fully rigorous analysis, employing the three model-use variants strictly as independent variables, would require the articulation of a comprehensive theory of dispute resolution, a construction which the state of the literature does not yet allow. To the extent that the analysis does lead to at least some preliminary hypotheses about the linkage between process tools and conflict outcomes, it may be useful to the eventual elaboration of such a theory

Measurement of Blade Deflection of an Unmanned Intermeshing Rotor Helicopter

The dynamic behavior of intermeshing rotor blades is complex and subjected to rotor-rotor-interactions like oblique blade-vortex and blade-wake interactions. To gain a better understanding of these effects a blade deflection measurement method is proposed in this paper. The method is based on a single camera per rotor blade depicting the rotor blade from a position fixed to the rotor head. Due to the mounting position of the camera close to the rotational plane the method is called In-Plane Blade Deflection Measurement (IBDM). The basic principles, data processing and measurement accuracy are presented in the paper. The major advantages of the proposed method are the applicability to both, flight and wind tunnel trials, as well as the usability for multi-rotor configurations having a significant rotor overlap. Furthermore comparisons to other blade deflection measurement methods are presented. Finally, experimental data of a flight test of an unmanned intermeshing helicopter is presented

Establishing Students’ Abilities to Reason with Relationships in the Context of Cellular Respiration

This study aims to establish the level at which University of Nebraska-Lincoln students reason with simple relationships in the context of cellular respiration at the levels of glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain. These processes are component processes of cellular respiration and each has multiple inputs and outputs. 633 student consented for this study, from which 18 student models were randomly selected, processed, and analyzed. Classroom observations were used to determine structures and relationships that were inputs and outputs to the three processes. In their models, students did not include different numbers of input or outputs when describing glycolysis, Krebs cycle and the electron transport On average, students had about one input and more than one output per process. The correctness was high for all three processes, however, relationships associated with Krebs cycle were significantly lower than relationships associated with ETC. Relationships associated with glycolysis were intermediate in quality. It was concluded that student\u27s still have a limited understanding of all processes, despite high correctness, because only one input and output for each process was included when three to four should be expected. Students must develop their system thinking skills to comprehend the smaller components at a high level, before they can consider the entire system. Current research suggests that computational modeling is one approach the University can implement as an activity to develop students\u27 system thinking skills

Changes in students’ mental models from computational modeling of gene regulatory networks

Background: Computational modeling is an increasingly common practice for disciplinary experts and therefore necessitates integration into science curricula. Computational models afford an opportunity for students to investigate the dynamics of biological systems, but there is significant gap in our knowledge of how these activities impact student knowledge of the structures, relationships, and dynamics of the system. We investigated how a computational modeling activity affected introductory biology students’ mental models of a prokaryotic gene regulatory system (lac operon) by analyzing conceptual models created before and after the activity. Results: Students’ pre-lesson conceptual models consisted of provided, system-general structures (e.g., activator, repressor) connected with predominantly incorrect relationships, representing an incomplete mental model of gene regulation. Students’ post-lesson conceptual models included more context-specific structures (e.g., cAMP, lac repressor) and increased in total number of structures and relationships. Student conceptual models also included higher quality relationships among structures, indicating they learned about these context-specific structures through integration with their expanding mental model rather than in isolation. Conclusions: Student mental models meshed structures in a manner indicative of knowledge accretion while they were productively re-constructing their understanding of gene regulation. Conceptual models can inform instructors about how students are relating system structures and whether students are developing more sophisticated models of system-general and system-specific dynamics

Regularity in speech rhythm as a social coalition signal

First published: 01 August 2019Regular rhythm facilitates audiomotor entrainment and synchronization in motor behavior and vocalizations between individuals. As rhythm entrainment between interacting agents is correlated with higher levels of cooperation and prosocial affiliative behavior, humans can potentiallymap regular speech rhythmonto higher cooperation and friendliness between interacting individuals.We tested this hypothesis at two rhythmic levels: pulse (recurrent acoustic events) and meter (hierarchical structuring of pulses based on their relative salience).We asked the listeners to make judgments of the hostile or collaborative attitude of two interacting agents who exhibit either regular or irregular pulse (Experiment 1) or meter (Experiment 2). The results confirmed a link between the perception of social affiliation and rhythmicity: evenly distributed pulses (vowel onsets) and consistent grouping of pulses into recurrent hierarchical patterns are more likely to be perceived as cooperation signals. People are more sensitive to regularity at the level of pulse than at the level of meter, and they are more confident when they associate cooperation with isochrony in pulse. The evolutionary origin of this faculty is possibly the need to transmit and perceive coalition information in social groups of human ancestors. We discuss the implications of these findings for the emergence of speech in humans.The authors acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), through the “Severo Ochoa” Programme for Centres/Units of Excellence in R&D (SEV-2015-0490) to the BCBL, from European Commission as Marie Skłodowska-Curie fellowDLV- 792331 to L.P., fromMinisterio de Ciencia E Innovacion by grant PSI2017-82563-P to A.G.S., and grant RTI2018-098317-B-I00 to M.O

Rhythm in the speech of a person with right hemisphere damage: Applying the pairwise variability index

Although several aspects of prosody have been studied in speakers with right hemisphere damage (RHD), rhythm remains largely uninvestigated. This study compares the rhythm of an Australian English speaker with right hemisphere damage (due to a stroke, but with no concomitant dysarthria) to that of a neurologically unimpaired individual. The speakers' rhythm is compared using the pairwise variability index (PVI) which allows for an acoustic characterization of rhythm by comparing the duration of successive vocalic and intervocalic intervals. A sample of speech from a structured interview between a speech and language therapist and each participant was analysed. Previous research has shown that speakers with RHD may have difficulties with intonation production, and therefore it was hypothesized that there may also be rhythmic disturbance. Results show that the neurologically normal control uses a similar rhythm to that reported for British English (there are no previous studies available for Australian English), whilst the speaker with RHD produces speech with a less strongly stress-timed rhythm. This finding was statistically significant for the intervocalic intervals measured (t(8) = 4.7, p < .01), and suggests that some aspects of prosody may be right lateralized for this speaker. The findings are discussed in relation to previous findings of dysprosody in RHD populations, and in relation to syllable-timed speech of people with other neurological conditions