Planning transportation of forest products by using GIS based decision support system

Orman ürünlerinin nakliyatı çok sayıda alternatif güzergahın değerlendirilmesini gerektiren karmaşık bir problemdir. Bu durum, orman ürünlerinin nakliyatının planlanmasında ve optimum güzergahın sistematik olarak araştırılmasında bilgisayar destekli yöntemlerin kullanılmasının gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmada, orman ürünlerinin nakliyat maliyetini en aza indiren güzergahın belirlenmesi amacıyla, CBS tabanlı karar destekleme sistemi uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. ArcGIS 9.2 platformunda “Ağ Analist” eklentisi altında yer alan ağ analizi yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Sistemin uygulamasında, Kahramanmaraş Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü, Andırın Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü sınırlarındaki iki orman işletme şefliğinde (Andırın Merkez ve Yeşilova) yer alan yol ağı verileri kullanılmıştır. Andırın Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü’nde bulunan iki ayrı orman deposu (Kurucaova ve Tokmaklı) dikkate alınarak, orman ürünlerinin nakliyatında birim maliyeti en aza indiren optimum güzergah araştırılmıştır.Transportation of forest products is a complex problem that requires evaluation of many alternative routes. This indicates the necessity of using computer-assisted methods in planning transportation of forest products and systematically searching for the optimum route. In this study, an application of GIS based decision support system was implemented to determine the optimum route that minimized the total cost of transporting forest products. The network analyst method under “Network Analyst” extension of ArcGIS 9.2 platform was applied. The road network data of two Forest Enterprise Chiefs (Andırın and Yeşilova) from Forest Regional Directorate of Kahramanmaraş, Forest Enterprise Directorate of Andırın were considered in execution of the system. The optimum route that minimized the unit cost in transportation of forest products was investigated by considering two different forest depots (Kurucaova ve Tokmaklı) in Forest Enterprise Directorate of Andırın

MEKANİK ORMANCILIK ARAÇLARININ BİRİM MALİYETLERİNİN MİCROSOFT EXCEL TABANLI PROGRAM İLE HESAPLANMASI

Ülkemizde mekanik ormancılık araçlarından daha verimli ve etkin bir biçimde yararlanılabilmesi için bu araçların ekonomik analizleri yapılarak birim maliyetleri belirlenmelidir. Bu çalışmada, mekanik ormancılık araçlarının birim maliyetlerini hesaplayan Microsoft Excel tabanlı bir program (Maliyet Analizi 1.5) geliştirilmiş ve ülkemizde ormancılık çalışmalarında yaygın olarak kullanılan mekanik araçlardan bazılarının verimlilik ve planlanmış kullanma saatlerine göre birim maliyetleri hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca, birim maliyeti etkileyen temel faktörler ortaya konulmuştur. Sonuçlara göre birim maliyeti en çok etkileyen parametrelerin başında satın alma fiyatı, ekonomik ömür, motor gücü, birim yakıt fiyatı ve verimlilik oranı gelmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Mekanik orman araçları, Birim maliyet, Mekanizasyon, Ekonomik analiz

Clinical presentations and diagnostic work-up in sarcoidosis: A series of Turkish cases (clinics and diagnosis of sarcoidosis)

Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic granulomatous disease. It usually affects the lung. The diagnosis may be problematic since the known causes of granulomatous inflammation must be excluded. This multicenter study aimed to evaluate the clinical presentations and diagnostic approaches of sarcoidosis. The study protocol was sent via internet, and the participants were asked to send the information (clinical, radiological and diagnostic) on newly diagnosed sarcoidosis cases. 293 patients were enrolled within two years. Pulmonary symptoms were found in 73.3% of the patients, and cough was the most common one (53.2%), followed by dyspnea (40.3%). Constitutional symptoms were occured in half of the patients. The most common one was fatigue (38.6%). The most common physical sign was eritema nodosum (17.1%). The most common chest radiograhical sign was bilateral hilar lymphadenomegaly (78.8%). Staging according to chest X-ray has revealed that most of the patients were in Stage I and Stage II (51.9% and 31.7%, respectively). Sarcoidosis was confirmed histopathologically in 265 (90.4%) patients. Although one-third of the bronchoscopy was revealed normal, mucosal hyperemi (19.8%) and external compression of the bronchial wall (16.8%) were common abnormal findings. The 100% success rate was obtained in mediastinoscopy among the frequently used sampling methods. Transbronchial biopsy was the most frequently used method with 48.8% success rate. Considering sarcoidosis with its most common and also rare findings in the differential diagnosis, organizing the related procedures according to the possibly effected areas, and the expertise of the team would favor multimodality diagnosis

Leaded brass alloys for gamma-ray shielding applications

The leaded brasses show high machinability and atmospheric corrosion resistance. Hence, they are being used in different applications such as machine parts, valves, fittings etc. Besides, they can serve as radiation shields as they contain lead and their radiation shielding properties were not investigated so far. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the radiation shielding properties of leaded brasses. Standard (CuZn) and leaded (CuZnPb) brasses were prepared and their mass attenuation coefficients (?/?), half-value layers (HVL), tenth-value layers (TVL), mean free paths (MFP) and effective atomic numbers (Z eff ) were determined. Linear attenuation coefficients (?) of the alloys were measured first at 53, 276, 302, 356 and 383 keV using a HPGe detector and a 133 Ba radioactive source. These values were then used to obtain other parameters. A good agreement was observed between experimental and theoretical results for HVL, TVL and MFP (Dif. ? 9%). Photon buildup through the present materials was studied in terms of exposure buildup factor (EBF). Results were presented and discussed regarding the photon energy and penetration depths. Fast neutron removal cross sections were also calculated for the given alloys. Some alloys were also evaluated morphologically by using EDX mapping. The leaded brasses were compared with standard shielding concretes and superior shielding properties against gammas and fast neutrons were obtained when compared with concretes. © 2019 Elsevier Lt

Stakeholder engagement via social media: an analysis of third-party logistics companies [社会媒体下的利益相关者参与：第三方物流企业的分析]

Social media helps firms establish a connection with their stakeholders by mitigating geographic and demographic barriers. Firms using social media can effectively engage in close relationships with their stakeholders. Firms must measure engagement levels to manage such fruitful relationships and develop social media strategies accordingly. Although studies have examined B2C industries’ levels of stakeholder engagement via social media, corresponding research on B2B industries has been limited. Thus, in this study, the relationship between global 3PLs and their stakeholders through social media is examined. The study is based on a content analysis of Facebook posts of 30 global 3PLs analyzed from 1 November 2017 to 31 January 2018. In this paper, original findings for 3PL firms’ social media usage are presented. The findings contribute to social media theory by showing that vivid posts and special day celebration posts strengthen relationships with stakeholders. © 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

Colorectal cancer in young patients: Characteristics and outcome

Colorectal cancer is predominantly a disease of the elderly population, but this disease is unusual in patients 40 years of age or under, and controversy persists as to prognosis in this subset of patients. The aim of this study was to determine the clinicopathologic features and their impact on patients survival of colorectal cancer in patients aged 40 years or younger, and to compare them with those of older patients. The records of 466 patients with non-metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma who were referred between 1991 and 1999 to the University of Istanbul, Institute of Oncology, following curative surgery were retrospectively analysed. The clinicopathologic features of 84 (18%) colorectal cancers (group A; male: female ratio 48: 36) which occurred in patients aged 40 years or younger were compared with 382 colorectal. cancers in older patients (group B; male: female ratio 194: 188). Patient gender, performance status, T stage, N stage, TNM stage, histologic grade, location of tumor, lymphatic invasion, serum levels of LDH and CEA, and survival rates were compared as prognostic factors. There was no statistically significant difference between group A and group B with respect to patient gender, performance status, T stage, N stage, TNM stage, histologic grade, location of tumor, serum levels of LDH and CEA, and survival rates of colorectal cancers. The proportion of lymphatic invasion was present in 27% of patients in group A vs. 12% in group B. With median follow-up of 69 months, the overall 5-year survival rate was 61% in group A and 56% in group B. In the univariate survival analysis according to age groups (group A and B), advanced TNM stage, location of rectal tumor, presence of lymphatic invasion, and presence of high serum LDH and CEA levels are predictors of poorer survival in young patients with colorectal. cancer. In the Cox-Regression analysis, location of tumor and TNM stage were determined as independent prognostic factors for survival. This study revealed no difference in clinicopathologic characteristics in patients with colorectal cancer aged 40 years or younger compared with those aged above 40 years. However, in patients aged 40 years or younger, distal location of tumor and advanced stage should be considered as poor prognostic factors for overall survival. (C) 2003 Tohoku University Medical Press

Fabrication of Ni, Cr, W reinforced new high alloyed stainless steels for radiation shielding applications

Stainless steel is commonly used in radiation applications for its high temperature resistance and fine mechanical properties. In this study, three types of high alloyed stainless-steel samples were produced. Before the production, GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit was used to estimate the total fast neutron macroscopic cross sections and gamma mass attenuation coefficients. The hot-pressing process and the powder metallurgy method were applied. We tested samples’ chemical and mechanical strength. Samples were exposed to both gamma rays and fast neutrons. The obtained simulation and experimental results for both neutron and gamma radiation are compatible. According to the simulation and experimental results, neutron shielding capacity of the new stainless-steel alloys is higher than the most commonly used 316LN stainless steel in nuclear applications. Among the prepared samples, SSA1 steel has the smallest half value layer at the all examined energies. All the prepared samples posses higher mass attenuation coefficient values and lower half value layer than 316LN steel. This indicates that the produced three new high alloyed stainless-steel samples have high gamma absorption capacity when compared to 316LN steel. Keywords: Neutron, Gamma shielding, Stainless steel, GEANT