THE SYSTEMATIC INSCRIPTIVE OF BUGINES INTERPRETATION BOOK: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN TAFSÎR AL-MUNÎR AND TAFSÎR AL-QUR’ÂN AL-KARÎM

The Books of Tafsîr al-Munîr and Tafsîr al-Qur'ān al-Karîm are the books which compiled using Lontara script and Bugis language fully interpreting 30 Juz of Qur'ān. This research is a qualitative descriptive method which applied in the discipline of interpretation (Tafsîr) known as Muqāran by comparing two books of interpretation (Tafsîr) that are considered commensurate in order to review the differences and similarities methods used. In the systematics of the presentation, it can be concluded that the main difference between the two Books of Tafsîr Bugis is in the introduction of the interpretation (Tafsîr), whereas in Tafsîr al-Qur'ān al-Karîm begins by explaining the general description of the surah, which contains the number of surah verses, the reason for the surah name and the main topic of the surah, while in Tafsῑr al-Munῑr directly listed the verse and translation it with the title of the surah name and the number of verses at the top. In the content section of the interpretation has generally similarities in the two books of interpretation by grouping several verses based on a specific theme, in the closing section of the difference significant is found in the closing juz, each juz in Tafsir al-Munîr is closed with "Alhamdulillah", which different from Tafsîr al-Qur'ān al-Karîm, which closed with "wallāhu a'lam bi al-sawāb"

Konvergensi al-Qur’an dan Teori Pendidikan (Implementasi QS. Al-’Aṣr dalam Proses Pembelajaran di SD Islam Al-Azhar 34 Makassar)

Dalam teori pendidikan umum ada tiga aspek utama yang menjadi dasar dalam perkembangan pendidikan dan pembelajaran pada seseorang yakni: kognitif (pengetahuan, pemahaman, penerapan, analisis dan evaluasi), afektif (perasaan, emosi) dan psikomotorik (kesiapan, gerakan terbimbing, gerakan terbiasa, penyesuaian pola gerakan dan kreativitas), ketiga unsur utama teori pendidikan itu secara praktis digambarkan dalam nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam QS. al-‘Aṣr yakni pertama nilai keimanan termasuk pada ranah kognitif yang berkaitan dengan pengetahuan, pemahaman, penerapan, kedua nilai amal saleh, perintah untuk beramal saleh yang mengacu pada gerak dan aktivitas tubuh dan keterampilan melatih psikomotorik, ketiga nilai kepedulian sosial yakni saling menasehati dalam kebenaran dan kesabaran termasuk dalam ranah afektif dengan mengacu pada unsur-unsur yang ada di dalamnya yaitu, perasaan, emosi yang menuju pada penerimaan, partisipasi penentuan sikap dan pembentukan pola hidup. ndikator implementasi QS. al-‘Aṣr di SD Islam Al Azhar 34 Makassar, dilihat berdasarkan penerapan nilai yang terkandung dalam surah al-‘Aṣr yang bermanfaat membentuk aspek afektif, kognitif dan psikomotorik, diantaranya: a) Briefing pagi oleh tenaga pendidik (aspek afektif, kedisiplinan terhadap waktu; b) Duty pagi menyambut kedatangan siswa disertai tegur sapa, mengucapkan salam dan mencium tangan guru menanamkan adab yang baik (nilai saling menasehati dalam kebaikan); c) Salat duha bersama di kelas (aspek kognitif pemahaman tentang sunnah Nabi dan amal saleh); d) Tadarus bersama di kelas melatih psikomotorik (nilai keimanan dan amal saleh); e) Salat zuhur berjamaah di masjid sekolah (nilai disiplin waktu dan saling berwasiat dalam kebenaran)

Al-Nafs (Analisis Komparatif Kitab Tafsir al-Munir dan Kitab Tafsir al-Qur’an al-Karim Terhadap Q.S. Yusuf/12: 53)

Kitab Tafsir al-Munir dan Kitab Tafsir al-Qur’an al-Karim, adalah diantara kitab tafsir yang disusun menggunakan bahasa Bugis dalam menjelaskan makna ayat-ayat alQur’an, kedua kitab ini disusun oleh para Ulama Karismatik di Sulawesi Selatan dalam usaha menyebarkan agama islam yang rahmatan li al-‘alamin. Adapun skripsi ini membahas tentang al-nafs dalam QS. Yusuf/12: 53 dengan menganalisis secara komparatif dua kitab tafsir berbahasa Bugis yakni Kitab Tafsir al-Munir dan Kitab Tafsir al-Qur’an al-Karim. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dalam skripsi ini disimpulkan bahwa, Secara bahasa kata(nafs) berasal dari kata kerja (nafasa) terdiri dari huruf nun, fa’ dan sin yang menunjukkan atas berhembusnya sesuatu bagaimana pun keadaanya, diantaranya angin dan selainnya, seperti ketika bernapas karena mengeluarkan udara dari paru-paru, secara istilah dapat berarti jiwa atau kepribadian. Dari segi bentuk secara umum kitab Tafsir al-Munir dapat dikategorikan sebagai tafsir bi al-ra’yi, dari segi metode cenderung disajikan secara ringkas atau menggunakan metode ijmali, dan dari segi corak, tidak didominasi oleh kecenderungan tertentu. Dari segi bentuk, kitab Tafsir al-Qur’an al- Karim dikategorikan sebagai tafsir bi al-ra’yi, dari segi metode termasuk Tafsir Tahlili dengan sistematika penyajian runtut, dari aspek analisisnya menggunakan metode Ijmali, dan dari segi corak, tidak didominasi oleh kecenderungan tertentu. Makna al-nafs dalam QS. Yusuf ayat 53, berdasarkan penafsiran AGH. Daud Ismail maupun AGH. Abdul Muin Yusuf, ialah terdapat perbedaan pendapat tentang kata nafs yang muncul yakni kata nafsi, bersambung dengan al-ya’ mutakallim, menunjukkan sebagai orang yang berbicara, perbedaan tersebut berkisar antara ungkapan tersebut adalah milik Zulaykah atau Yusuf as. Adapun makna al-nafs yang kedua yakni (inna al-nafsa laamaaratun bi al-suu'i) ialah dorongan hawa nafsu yang tidak terkendali dapat menjerumuskan seseorang dalam kebinasaan kecuali bagi orang yang dirahmati oleh Allah swt, sehingga tidak menuruti hawa nafsunya, adapun orang-orang yang terlanjur melakukan keburukan karena menuruti hawa nafsunya, maka janganlah ia berputus dari rahmat Allah karena sesungguhnya Allah swt. maha pengampun dan menerima taubat hambaNya

The Systematic Inscriptive of Bugines Interpretation Book: Comparative Analysis Between Tafsîr Al-Munîr and Tafsîr Al-Qur’ân Al-Karîm

The Books of Tafsîr al-Munîr and Tafsîr al-Qur'ān al-Karîm are the books which compiled using Lontara script and Bugis language fully interpreting 30 Juz of Qur'ān. This research is a qualitative descriptive method which applied in the discipline of interpretation (Tafsîr) known as Muqāran by comparing two books of interpretation (Tafsîr) that are considered commensurate in order to review the differences and similarities methods used. In the systematics of the presentation, it can be concluded that the main difference between the two Books of Tafsîr Bugis is in the introduction of the interpretation (Tafsîr), whereas in Tafsîr al-Qur'ān al-Karîm begins by explaining the general description of the surah, which contains the number of surah verses, the reason for the surah name and the main topic of the surah, while in Tafsῑr al-Munῑr directly listed the verse and translation it with the title of the surah name and the number of verses at the top. In the content section of the interpretation has generally similarities in the two books of interpretation by grouping several verses based on a specific theme, in the closing section of the difference significant is found in the closing juz, each juz in Tafsir al-Munîr is closed with "Alhamdulillah", which different from Tafsîr al-Qur'ān al-Karîm, which closed with "wallāhu a'lam bi al-sawāb"

Drinking and Flying: Does Alcohol Consumption Affect the Flight and Echolocation Performance of Phyllostomid Bats?

In the wild, frugivorous and nectarivorous bats often eat fermenting fruits and nectar, and thus may consume levels of ethanol that could induce inebriation. To understand if consumption of ethanol by bats alters their access to food and general survival requires examination of behavioural responses to its ingestion, as well as assessment of interspecific variation in those responses. We predicted that bats fed ethanol would show impaired flight and echolocation behaviour compared to bats fed control sugar water, and that there would be behavioural differences among species. (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) sugar water (44 g of table sugar in 500 ml of water) or sugar water with ethanol before challenging them to fly through an obstacle course while we simultaneously recorded their echolocation calls. We used bat saliva, a non-invasive proxy, to measure blood ethanol concentrations ranging from 0 to >0.3% immediately before flight trials. Flight performance and echolocation behaviour were not significantly affected by consumption of ethanol, but species differed in their blood alcohol concentrations after consuming it.The bats we studied display a tolerance for ethanol that could have ramifications for the adaptive radiation of frugivorous and nectarivorous bats by allowing them to use ephemeral food resources over a wide span of time. By sampling across phyllostomid genera, we show that patterns of apparent ethanol tolerance in New World bats are broad, and thus may have been an important early step in the evolution of frugivory and nectarivory in these animals

Body mass and hibernation microclimate may predict bat susceptibility to white-nose syndrome

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Glutamatergic Receptors Modulate Normoxic but Not Hypoxic Ventilation and Metabolism in Naked Mole Rats

Naked mole rats (Heterocephalus glaber) are among the most hypoxia-tolerant mammals, but their physiological responses to acute and chronic sustained hypoxia (CSH), and the molecular underpinnings of these responses, are poorly understood. In the present study we evaluated the acute hypoxic ventilatory response and the occurrence of ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia following CSH exposure (8–10 days in 8% O2) of naked mole rats. We also investigated the role of excitatory glutamatergic signaling in the control of ventilation and metabolism in these conditions. Animals acclimated to normoxia (control) or CSH and then exposed to acute hypoxia (7% O2 for 1 h) exhibited elevated tidal volume (VT), but decreased breathing frequency (fR). As a result, total ventilation (V.E) remained unchanged. Conversely, VT was lower in CSH animals relative to controls, suggesting that there is ventilatory plasticity following acclimatization to chronic hypoxia. Both control and CSH-acclimated naked mole rats exhibited similar 60–65% decreases in O2 consumption rate during acute hypoxia, and as a result their air convection requirement (ACR) increased ∼2.4 to 3-fold. Glutamatergic receptor inhibition decreased fR, V.E, and the rate of O2 consumption in normoxia but did not alter these ventilatory or metabolic responses to acute hypoxia in either the control or CSH groups. Taken together, these findings indicate that ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia is atypical in naked mole rats, and glutamatergic signaling is not involved in their hypoxic ventilatory or metabolic responses to acute or chronic hypoxia

Similar hibernation physiology in bats across broad geographic ranges

This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Journal of Comparative Physiology B. The final authenticated version is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00360-021-01400-xSpecies with broad geographic ranges may experience varied environmental conditions throughout their range leading to local adaptation. Variation among populations reflects potential adaptability or plasticity, with implications for populations impacted by disease, climate change, and other anthropogenic influences. However, behavior may counteract divergent selection among populations. We studied intraspecific variation in hibernation physiology of Myotis lucifugus (little brown myotis) and Corynorhinus townsendii (Townsend's big-eared bat), two species of bats with large geographic ranges. We studied M. lucifugus at three hibernacula which spanned a latitudinal gradient of 1500 km, and C. townsendii from 6 hibernacula spread across 1200 km latitude and 1200 km longitude. We found no difference in torpid metabolic rate among populations of either species, nor was there a difference in the effect of ambient temperature among sites. Evaporative water loss was similar among populations of both species, with the exception of one C. townsendii pairwise site difference and one M. lucifugus site that differed from the others. We suggest the general lack of geographic variation is a consequence of behavioral microhabitat selection. As volant animals, bats can travel relatively long distances in search of preferred microclimates for hibernation. Despite dramatic macroclimate differences among populations, hibernating bats are able to find preferred microclimate conditions within their range, resulting in similar selection pressures among populations spread across wide geographic ranges.Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program || United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Grant F17AP00593 || Texas Tech University || Alberta Conservation Association

Evidence of Latitudinal Migration in Tri-colored Bats, Perimyotis subflavus

Background: Annual movements of tri-colored bats (Perimyotis subflavus) are poorly understood. While this species has been considered a regional migrant, some evidence suggests that it may undertake annual latitudinal migrations, similar to other long distance North American migratory bat species. Methodology/Principal Findings: We investigated migration in P. subflavus by conducting stable hydrogen isotope analyses of 184 museum specimen fur samples and comparing these results (dDfur) to published interpolated dD values of collection site growing season precipitation (dDprecip). Results suggest that the male molt period occurred between June 23 and October 16 and 33 % of males collected during the presumed non-molt period were south of their location of fur growth. For the same time period, 16 % of females were south of their location of fur growth and in general, had not travelled as far as migratory males. There were strong correlations between dDfur from the presumed molt period and both growing season dD precip (males – r 2 = 0.86; p,0.01; females – r 2 = 0.75; p,0.01), and latitude of collection (males – r 2 = 0.85; p,0.01; females – r 2 = 0.73; p,0.01). Most migrants were collected at the northern (.40uN; males and females) and southern (,35uN; males only) extents of the species ’ range. Conclusions/Significance: These results indicate a different pattern of migration for this species than previously documented, suggesting that some P. subflavus engage in annual latitudinal migrations and that migratory tendency varie

A burning question: what are the risks and benefits of mammalian torpor during and after fires?

Although wildfires are increasing globally, available information on how mammals respond behaviourally and physiologically to fires is scant. Despite a large number of ecological studies, often examining animal diversity and abundance before and after fires, the reasons as to why some species perform better than others remain obscure. We examine how especially small mammals, which generally have high rates of energy expenditure and food requirements, deal with fires and postfire conditions. We evaluate whether mammalian torpor, characterised by substantial reductions in body temperature, metabolic rate and water loss, plays a functional role in survival of mammals impacted by fires. Importantly, torpor permits small mammals to reduce their activity and foraging, and to survive on limited food. Torpid small mammals (marsupials and bats) can respond to smoke and arouse from torpor, which provides them with the possibility to evade direct exposure to fire, although their response is often slowed when ambient temperature is low. Post-fire conditions increase expression of torpor with a concomitant decrease in activity for free-ranging echidnas and small forest-dwelling marsupials, in response to reduced cover and reduced availability of terrestrial insects. Presence of charcoal and ash increases torpor use by captive small marsupials beyond food restriction alone, likely in anticipation of detrimental post-fire conditions. Interestingly, although volant bats use torpor on every day after fires, they respond by decreasing torpor duration, and increasing activity, perhaps because of the decrease in clutter and increase in foraging opportunities due to an increase in aerial insects. Our summary shows that torpor is an important tool for post-fire survival and, although the physiological and behavioural responses of small mammals to fire are complex, they seem to reflect energetic requirements and mode of foraging. We make recommendations on the conditions during management burns that are least likely to impact heterothermic mammals