Biomechanical aspects of the technical and tactical actions in the judo

Рассмотрены подходы в конструировании биомеханических моделей в спортивных единоборствах. Построена расчетная схема для определения опорных реакций. Определены величины внешних нагрузок на организм спортсмена. Установлена зависимость общего момента сил тяги мышц, вертикальной реакции опоры, суставного момента от направления силы действия соперника. Определены наибольшие значения статических нагрузок на суставы нижних конечностей. Показаны возможности использования результатов моделирования в технико-тактической подготовке спортсменов.It is shown the approaches in the construction of biomechanical models in combative sports. It is constructed analytical model to determine the support reactions. It is defined the values of external loads on the athlete’s body. The dependence of the total torque pull muscles, the vertical ground reaction, since the direction of the articular forces of the opponent are shown. It is determined the highest values of static loads in the joints of the lower extremities. It is shown the possibility of using the simulation results in technical and tactical training of athlete

Modeling and rational determination of the main biomechanical characteristics in javelin throwing

Показаны возможности использования биомеханических моделей в подготовке спортсменов. Рассмотрены подходы в конструировании биомеханических моделей. Разработана биомеханическая модель метания копья. Приведено решение задачи динамики о влиянии на дальность полета копья абсолютной начальной скорости вылета, угла вылета, высоты выпуска копья. Определены наиболее значимые биомеханические характеристики системы «спортсменкопье». Показаны возможности использования индивидуальные особенностей спортсмена в достижении лучших результатов.The possibilities of the use of biomechanical models in training athletes. The approaches in the construction of biomechanical models. A biomechanical model of throwing the javelin. An solution to the problem of dynamic influence on flight range spear absolute initial rate of departure, departure angle, height of release of the spear. The most important biomechanical characteristics of the "athlete-spear". The possibilities of using individual features of the athlete to achieve better result

Energy and economic analysis of Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIPs) used in non-domestic buildings

The potential savings in space heating energy from the installation of Fumed Silica (FS) and Glass Fibre (GF) Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIPs) were compared to conventional expanded polystyrene (EPS) insulation for three different non-domestic buildings situated in London (UK). A discounted payback period analysis was used to determine the time taken for the capital cost of installing the insulation to be recovered. VIP materials were ranked using cost and density indexes. The methodology of the Payback analysis carried out considered the time dependency of VIP thermal performance, fuel prices and rental income from buildings. These calculations show that VIP insulation reduced the annual space heating energy demand and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by approximately 10.2%, 41.3% and 26.7% for a six storey office building, a two floor retail unit building and a four storey office building respectively. FS VIPs had the shortest payback period among the insulation materials studied, ranging from 2.5 years to 17 years, depending upon the rental income of the building. For GF VIPs the calculated payback period was considerably longer and in the case of the typical 4 storey office building studied its cost could not be recovered over the life time of the building. For EPS insulation the calculated payback period was longer than its useful life time for all three buildings. FS VIPs were found to be economically viable for installation onto non-domestic buildings in high rental value locations assuming a lifespan of up to 60 years

ELECtric Tibial nerve stimulation to Reduce Incontinence in Care homes: protocol for the ELECTRIC randomised trial

Background Urinary incontinence (UI) is highly prevalent in nursing and residential care homes (CH) and profoundly impacts on residents’ dignity and quality of life. Care homes predominantly use absorbent pads to contain UI rather than actively treat the condition. Transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation (TPTNS) is a non-invasive, safe, low-cost intervention with demonstrated effectiveness for reducing UI in adults. However, the effectiveness of TPTNS to treat UI in older adults living in care homes is not known. The ELECTRIC Trial aims to establish if a programme of TPTNS is a clinically effective treatment for UI in care home residents and investigate the associated costs and consequences. Methods This is a pragmatic, multicentre, placebo controlled randomised parallel group trial comparing effectiveness of TPTNS (target n=250) with sham stimulation (target n=250) in reducing volume of UI in CH residents. CH residents (men and women) with self- or staff- reported UI of more than once per week are eligible to take part, including those with cognitive impairment. Outcomes will be measured at 6, 12 and 18 weeks post randomisation using the following measures: 24-hour pad weight tests (PWT), post void residual urine (bladder scans), Patient Perception of Bladder Condition (PPBC), Minnesota Toileting Skills Questionnaire (MTSQ) and Dementia Quality of Life (DEMQOL). Economic evaluation based on a bespoke Resource Use Questionnaire will assess the costs of providing a programme of TPTNS. A concurrent process evaluation will investigate fidelity to the intervention and influencing factors and qualitative interviews will explore the experiences of TPTNS from the perspective of CH residents, family members, CH staff and managers. Discussion TPTNS is a non-invasive intervention that has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing UI in adults. The ELECTRIC Trial will involve CH staff delivering TPTNS to residents and establish whether TPTNS is more effective than sham stimulation for reducing the volume of UI in CH residents. Should TPTNS be shown to be an effective and acceptable treatment for UI in older adults in CHs, it will provide a safe, low-cost and dignified alternative to the current standard approach of containment and medication. Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov. NCT03248362. Registered on 14/08/2017. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ ISRCTN, ISRCTN 98415244. Registered on 25/04/2018. https://www.isrctn.com

Isolation, purification, and conditional immortalization of murine glomerular endothelial cells of microvascular phenotype

Glomerular endothelial cells (GEnC) are a specialized microvascular subset of endothelial cells that, when injured, result in many types of diseases within the kidney. Thus, techniques to study GEnC in a cell culture system are important to investigate mechanisms of GEnC injury. Studies of endothelial cell function in culture have predominately relied on using macrovascular endothelial cells from vascular areas other than the glomerulus. Over the last 15 years, glomerular endothelial cells lines have been created but were isolated by targeting cells expressing CD31. Some studies identified endothelial cells isolated from the microvasculature do not express CD31 and some suggest that CD31+ cells are phenotypically different than endothelial cells found in capillaries. Here we detail our method of isolation, purification, and conditional immortalization of mouse glomerular endothelial cells targeting endothelial cells that do not express CD31 / This method allows for isolation, purification, and conditional immortalization of glomerular endothelial cells for continued passage of GEnCs beyond that of primary cell culture. / This method can be used in genetically modified mice to investigate how a modification of a specific gene or protein affects the glomerular endothelium at the cellular level