Suppression of induced but not developmental apoptosis in drosophila by ayurvedic amalaki rasayana and rasa-sindoor

Earlier we showed formulation-specific beneficial effects of dietary supplement of Ayurvedic Amalaki Rasayana (AR, a herbal formulation) and Rasa-Sindoor (RS, a mercury-based organo-metallic formulation) on various biological parameters in Drosophila, parallel to traditional Ayurvedic literature. These formulations also suppressed cell death and pathology in fly models of neurodegeneration. To understand basis of inhibition of apoptosis, we examined effects of AR and RS on induced and developmental apoptosis in Drosophila. Dietary AR or RS significantly reduced apoptosis induced by GMR-GAL4-, sev-GAL4- or hs-GAL4-directed expression of Rpr, Hid or Grim (RHG) pro-apoptotic proteins or by GMR-GAL4-directed DIAP1-RNAi, resulting in significant restoration of organism's viability and eye morphology. AR or RS supplement enhanced levels of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, DIAP1 and DIAP2, and of Bancal/Hrb57A, while the levels of RHG proteins and of initiator Dronc and effecter Drice caspases were reduced in non-apoptotic wild type as well as in RHG over-expressing tissues. Levels of Dronc or Drice remained unaffected in cells developmentally destined to die so that developmental apoptosis occurred normally. Elevated levels of DIAPs and reduced levels of RHG proteins and caspases reflect a more robust physiological state of AR or RS fed organisms allowing them to tolerate greater insults without triggering the cell-death response. Such homeostatic effects of these Rasayanas seem to contribute to ‘healthy ageing’, one of their effects suggested in traditional Ayurvedic practices

Herbal Remedies Used in the Treatment of Scorpion Sting and Snake Bite from the Malwa Region of Madhya Pradesh, India

Traditional medicine has a long history of serving people all over the world. Medicinal plants are an important element of indigenous medical systems in India as well as elsewhere. The enthnobotany and ubiquitous plants provide a rich resource for natural drug research and development. In recent years, the use of traditional medicine information on plant research has again received considerable interest. The circumstances under which the people lived- object poverty, disease and hunger combined with their curiosity towards their closed neighbour, the forest in which they lived and sought help in mitigating their woves and sorrows, must have been the essential factor in preserving their knowledge of herbs and usefulness to mankind. The present paper deals with the survey of 8 medicinal plant used in scorpion sting and snake bite by the aboriginal, tribal and non-tribal people of the Malwa region of India

Oxidative Cleavage of Alpha Amino Acids ℓ–Glycine and ℓ–Valine By1,3-Dichloro-5,5-Dimethylhydantoin in Medium of Aqueous Acetic Acid Medium

Abstract: 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DCDMH) hydrolysed of this compounds leads to the formation of active positive halogen species like HOCl and H2O+Cl. The H2O+Cl in non-polar or less polar media, extensively used as a chlorinating and oxidizing agents in organic substrate. The rate of reaction is enhanced by the increasing [H+] and percentage of acetic acid. The main product of the oxidation is corresponding aldehydes. The thermodynamic parameters for the oxidation have been computed in the show step mechanism. The observed rate law was in good conformity with the mechanism

Effect of Oxidant 1, 3-Dichloro-5-5-Dimethylhydantoin and 5, 5-Dimethylhydantoin with Different Substrates: The Kinetic Measurements

The kinetic measurement with different concentration of oxidant 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin and 5,5-dimethylhydantoin with ℓ–alanine,  ℓ-glycine and ℓ–valine. The catalytic effect of acid in the reaction rate reveal an interaction between oxidants species H2O+Cl and substrates. The observed order of reactivity of ℓ-amino acids (ℓ-glycine > ℓ–alanine > ℓ-valine) was explained on the basis of hydrolysis of reacting species

Standardization Parameters of few India herbal drugs used in the treatment of gynecological disorders

Gynecological disorders are very common among Indian women and are more prone in rural areas as compared with urban due to various issue among with un-hygienic conditions are at the top. As per Ayurvedic literature there are several plants used to cure women disorders, though there proper documentation and validation need to be established for quality and purity of herbal drugs. The present work aims to investigate the acute toxicity profile of few India medicinal plants. In this present study standardization parameters of Achyranthes aspera Linn. (Roots) ASR, Clitoria ternatea Linn. (Roots) CTR, Ipomea cairica Linn. (Leaves) ICL and Plumeria pudica Jacq. (Leaves) PPL were investigated. The present investigation shows the results of morphological features and physicochemical evaluation of selected herbal drugs. Keywords: Herbal drugs, Standardization parameters, Quality, gynecological disorder

Teratogenic Effect of Lamotrigine on Developing Liver of Swiss Albino Mice

Abstract: The aim of present study was to observe the noxious effect of Lamotrigine (LTG

How is India doing on malnutrition and non-communicable diseases? Insights from the National Family Health Surveys (2005-06 to 2019-21)

A set of global nutrition targets for maternal and child nutrition together with diet related non communicable diseases ( to be achieved by 2025 was endorsed by the World Health Assembly in 2013 These targets provide goals against which progress towards ending malnutrition in all its forms can be measured and contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals This data note describes trends in multiple forms of malnutrition and NCD outcomes at the national, state, and district levels for India using survey data from NFHS 3 2005 06 NFHS 4 2015 2016 and NFHS 5 2019 2021 Insights on other malnutrition targets such as anemia and breastfeeding will be forthcomin

Elimination of visceral leishmaniasis in the Indian subcontinent: a comparison of predictions from three transmission models.

We present three transmission models of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the Indian subcontinent (ISC) with structural differences regarding the disease stage that provides the main contribution to transmission, including models with a prominent role of asymptomatic infection, and fit them to recent case data from 8 endemic districts in Bihar, India. Following a geographical cross-validation of the models, we compare their predictions for achieving the WHO VL elimination targets with ongoing treatment and vector control strategies. All the transmission models suggest that the WHO elimination target (<1 new VL case per 10,000 capita per year at sub-district level) is likely to be met in Bihar, India, before or close to 2020 in sub-districts with a pre-control incidence of 10 VL cases per 10,000 people per year or less, when current intervention levels (60% coverage of indoor residual spraying (IRS) of insecticide and a delay of 40days from onset of symptoms to treatment (OT)) are maintained, given the accuracy and generalizability of the existing data regarding incidence and IRS coverage. In settings with a pre-control endemicity level of 5/10,000, increasing the effective IRS coverage from 60 to 80% is predicted to lead to elimination of VL 1-3 years earlier (depending on the particular model), and decreasing OT from 40 to 20days to bring elimination forward by approximately 1year. However, in all instances the models suggest that L. donovani transmission will continue after 2020 and thus that surveillance and control measures need to remain in place until the longer-term aim of breaking transmission is achieved