Anatomical review of Skin in Immune System as Primary Immune Response

The skin immune system comprises a complex network of cells, functioning both in immunity against invading pathogens but also tolerogenic mechanisms to ensure maintenance of immune homeostasis. The Skin is the first barrier to penetration by microbes. The skin not only defends the body by providing a nearly on penetrable barrier but also reinforces this defense with chemical weapons on the surfaces. The immune system is a wonderful collaboration between cells and proteins that work together to providing defense against infection. The skin immune system comprises a complex network of cell functioning immunity to ensure maintenance of immune system. The paper reviews the functional roles of components of immune system in the skin.&nbsp

Microbial Population in Rhizospheric and Non-Rhizospheric Soils of Soybean Crop

The current research paper aims at the study of the microbial population in rhizospheric and nonrhizospheric soils of soybean crop. The Phosphate solubilizing bacteria and fungi play a central role in increasing the soil fertility and promote plant growth. Plate count method for bacterial and fungal population analysis showed that the bacterial and fungal population in rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soil of Sitapur region was higher compared to rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soils of other two regions i.e. Lucknow and Kanpur. Kanpur ranked second having higher bacterial and fungal populations, whereas Lucknow ranked third. It was observed that the microbial count was higher in rhizospheric soils of the entire three regions i.e. Sitapur, Kanpur and Lucknow compared to the non-rhizospheric soils

Effect of irrigation scheduling and nitrogen levels on growth, yield and water productivity of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) under Vertisols

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2015-16 at the Instructional cum Research Farm, IGKV, Raipur to study the effect of different irrigation scheduling and nitrogen levels on growth, yield attributes, yield, water and nitrogen productivity of linseed (Linum usitatissimumL.). The experiment was laid out in split plot design keeping four irrigation schedules viz., come-up (I1), one (I2), two (I3) and three irrigation (I4) in main plots and four levels of nitrogen viz., control (N0), 30 kg (N1), 60 kg (N2) and 90 kg N ha-1 (N3) in sub plots with three replications. Results revealed that highest seed yield was obtained with linseed provided two irrigations (1683 kg ha-1) and application of 90 kg N ha-1 (1604 kg ha-1). Moreover, crop supplied with two irrigations in combination with 90 kg N ha-1 (I3×N3) gave significantly (P=0.05) highest seed yield (2097 kg ha-1) compared to rest of the treatment combinations. The excessive use of irrigation and fertilizers also affects farmer’s economy, as the crop is relatively low yielder. Two irrigations are better than three irrigations in terms of seed yield and water productivity; and application of 60 kg N is better than 90 kg N ha-1 in view of nitrogen productivity. The WP and IWP were decreasing as increasing the number of irrigation, but increasing with increasing the levels of nitrogen, while NP was highest with two irrigations (11.09 kg, kg-1 N) and application of 60 kg N ha-1 (8.90 kg, kg-1 N)

NT pro BNP as a potential marker of left atrial dysfunction in rheumatic mitral stenosis and its correlation with improvement in left atrial functions post percutaneous balloon mitral volvotomy (PBMV) with intermediate term follow up of 1 year

Primer pla de la façana d'un edifici del s. XVIII. Consta de quatre pisos. Els baixos, s'obren a través del pas amb embigat de fusta al carrer del Civader

Detecting Human-Object Contact in Images

Humans constantly contact objects to move and perform tasks. Thus, detecting human-object contact is important for building human-centered artificial intelligence. However, there exists no robust method to detect contact between the body and the scene from an image, and there exists no dataset to learn such a detector. We fill this gap with HOT ("Human-Object conTact"), a new dataset of human-object contacts for images. To build HOT, we use two data sources: (1) We use the PROX dataset of 3D human meshes moving in 3D scenes, and automatically annotate 2D image areas for contact via 3D mesh proximity and projection. (2) We use the V-COCO, HAKE and Watch-n-Patch datasets, and ask trained annotators to draw polygons for the 2D image areas where contact takes place. We also annotate the involved body part of the human body. We use our HOT dataset to train a new contact detector, which takes a single color image as input, and outputs 2D contact heatmaps as well as the body-part labels that are in contact. This is a new and challenging task that extends current foot-ground or hand-object contact detectors to the full generality of the whole body. The detector uses a part-attention branch to guide contact estimation through the context of the surrounding body parts and scene. We evaluate our detector extensively, and quantitative results show that our model outperforms baselines, and that all components contribute to better performance. Results on images from an online repository show reasonable detections and generalizability

Genetic resources conservation and strategies for enhanced utilization in crop improvement

Global food production will need to double to feed the more than 9 billion people by 2050..

Predicting changing pattern: building model for consumer decision making in digital market

YesConsumers have the multiple options to choose their products and services, which have a significant impact on the pattern of consumer decision making in digital market and further increases the challenges for the service providers to predict their buying pattern. In this sense, the purpose of this paper is to propose a structural hierarchy model for analyzing the changing pattern of consumer decision making in digital market by taking an Indian context. Design/methodology/approach: To accomplish the objectives, the research is conducted in two phases. An extensive literature review is performed in the first phase to list the factors related to the changing pattern of consumer decision making in digital market and then fuzzy Delphi method is applied to finalize the factors. In the second phase, fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is employed to find the priority weights of finalized factors. The fuzzy set theory allows capturing the vagueness in the data. Findings: The findings obtained in this study shows that consumers are much conscious about innovative and trendy products as well as brand and quality; therefore, the service providers must think about these two most important factors so that they can able to retain their consumer in their online portal. Practical implications: The analysis shows that “innovative and trendy” is the first priority factor for the consumers followed by “brand and quality” and “fulfilment and time energy.” The proposed model can help the marketers and service providers in predicting customers’ preferences and their changing pattern efficiently under vague surroundings. The outcomes of this research work not only help the service provider to update their products and services according to consumers’ needs but can also help them to increase profit and minimize their risk. Originality/value: This work contributes to consumer research literature focusing on problem evaluation in the context of changing pattern of consumer decision making in digital era

Gravitational collapse of a Hagedorn fluid in Vaidya geometry

The gravitational collapse of a high-density null charged matter fluid, satisfying the Hagedorn equation of state, is considered in the framework of the Vaidya geometry. The general solution of the gravitational field equations can be obtained in an exact parametric form. The conditions for the formation of a naked singularity, as a result of the collapse of the compact object, are also investigated. For an appropriate choice of the arbitrary integration functions the null radial outgoing geodesic, originating from the shell focussing central singularity, admits one or more positive roots. Hence a collapsing Hagedorn fluid could end either as a black hole, or as a naked singularity. A possible astrophysical application of the model, to describe the energy source of gamma-ray bursts, is also considered.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Modelling and Prediction of Soil Organic Carbon using Digital Soil Mapping in the Thar Desert Region of India

Not AvailableIn the present study, the distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) was investigated using digital soil mapping for an area of ~29 lakhs ha in Bikaner district, Rajasthan, India. To achieve this goal, 187 soil profiles were used for SOC estimation by Quantile regression forest (QRF) model technique. Landsat data, terrain attributes and bioclimatic variables were used as environmental variables. 10-fold cross-validation was used to evaluate model. Equal-area quadratic splines were fitted to soil profile datasets to estimate SOC at six standard soil depths (0-5, 5-15, 15-30, 30-60, 60-100 and 100-200 cm). Results showed that the mean SOC concentration was very low with values varied from 1.18 to 1.53 g kg-1 in different depths. While predicting SOC at different depths, the model was able to capture low variability (R2 = 1–7%). Overall, the Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) values ranged from 0.01 to 0.18, indicating poor agreement between the predicted and observed values. Root mean square error (RMSE) and mean error (ME) were 0.97 and 0.16, respectively. The values of prediction interval coverage probability (PICP) recorded 87.2–89.7% for SOC contents at different depths. The most important variables for predicting SOC concentration variations were the annual range of temperature, latitude, Landsat 8 bands 2, 5 and 6. Temperature-related variables and remote sensed data products are important for predicting SOC concentrations in arid regions. We anticipate that this digital information of SOC will be useful for frequent monitoring and assessment of carbon cycle in arid regions.Not Availabl