Bioremediation of tannery effluent by using Pseudomonas fluorescens and Eichhornia crassipes and its effect on Wheat seed germination and plant growth

Tannery industries discharge a large quantity of toxic substances like chromium, sodium sulphide, sodium carbonate, ammonium sulphate and chlorides in their effluent, which manifold soil pollution and affect on seed germination and plant growth. In this study, two investigational systems are attempted: i) tannery effluent was treated by aerobic bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens and aquatic macrophyte Eichhornia crassipes and ii) the impact of treated and untreated effluent and soil on seed germination and plant growth were studied. The physicochemical properties such as color, pH, COD, BOD, total solids, suspended solids, dissolved solids, and chromium concentration were found decreased in effluent that treated with bacterial strain for 72 h and Water hyacinth for 20 days. These treated effluent also significantly enhanced chlorophyll content, and biomass production over other of wheat plant. The results revealed that effluent treated by microbes and plants has no negative impact on seed germination and plant growth. Thus, it can be effectively used for irrigation

Bioremediation: An Approach to Sustainable Development

With the increasing human-induced activities a wide range of aquatic and terrestrial habitats are being contaminated which requires an eco-friendly technology for the sustainable development and management of the environment. Bioremediation is now a day’s one of the widely used and popular approach as an alternative to primitive methods for the treatment of waste materials and sources by degrading the contaminants with the help of microbial activity mediated by various bacterial strains. Bioremediation can be broadly divided into three types i.e. Biostimulation, Bioaugmentation and Intrinsic Bioremediation. These bioremediation type marks their action on different pollution task such as degradation of organic wastes with the help of microbes, clean-up of dissolved soil and water contaminants, toxins, heavy metals and oils. Bioremediation is governed by microorganisms which under aerobic and anaerobic reaction create certain enzymatic conditions to eliminate, degrade, and detoxify the hazardous wastes and pollutants. The strategy followed by bioremediation stimulates the basic organic mechanism in order to cleanse both contaminated soil and the groundwater. The consequential threat to ecology is the occupancy of heavy metals in the water bodies which is considered as the enigmatic worldwide environmental distress to deal with. This review discusses about most recent developmental techniques of bioremediation, microbial mode of action to break down different pollutants, and the future aspects of bioremediation in order to decrease the load of pollution from the world

Role of Environmental Education in Shaping Sustainable Behaviors: Perspectives, Challenges and Opportunities

Environmental awareness has become a critical component in addressing global ecological challenges. Environmental awareness is the understanding and recognition of the importance of protecting the natural environment. It involves being conscious of how human activities impact the planet and taking steps to minimize negative effects.  This paper explores the multifaceted perspectives on environmental awareness, examining its historical evolution, current state, and future directions. It highlights the significant challenges faced in promoting environmental consciousness, including socio-economic barriers, political resistance, and the complexity of environmental issues. Additionally, the paper identifies opportunities for enhancing environmental awareness through education, policy reforms, and community engagement. By integrating theoretical insights with practical case studies, this research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how environmental awareness can be effectively fostered to achieve sustainable development goals. The findings underscore the importance of collaborative efforts and innovative strategies in overcoming obstacles and leveraging opportunities to create a more environmentally conscious society

Spatial pattern and hot spots of vegetation change in Uttar Pradesh during 2001 to 2021

This study focuses on analyzing the spatial pattern and hot spots of vegetation change in Uttar Pradesh from 2001 to 2021. The analysis was conducted using spatial autocorrelation and hot spot analysis techniques. The data source used for the study was the "MOD13C2_006_CMG_0_05_Deg_Monthly_NDVI" dataset. The spatial autocorrelation analysis employed Moran\u27s Index to examine the spatial clustering of vegetation change. The results indicated a positive spatial autocorrelation, suggesting the presence of clustered patterns in the vegetation change across the study area. The hot spot analysis, utilizing the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic, identified districts as hot spots and cold spots of vegetation change. These areas exhibited significantly higher or lower rates of vegetation change compared to neighbouring regions. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the spatial dynamics of vegetation cover in Uttar Pradesh. The identification of hot spots and cold spots helps in understanding the areas with the highest rates of vegetation change and highlights the need for targeted conservation and management efforts. These results can inform policymakers, land managers, and conservationists in developing strategies for sustainable land use practices and ecosystem preservation

Challenges and opportunities of dairy farming in Adigrat town, Eastern Tigray, Ethiopia

A dairy product refers to the food produced from the milk of animals. The production of milk in the study area was about 1.2 million liters per year [1]. The main objective of this study was to examine the challenges and opportunities for milk production in Adigrat town. Data for this study was collected via smallholders\u27 and cooperative dairy farmer’s surveys by applying the stratified random sampling method (n =130). Data was gathered using questionnaires, key informants’ interviews, and field observation which were analyzed by using descriptive statistics tools including a one-sample t-test, chi-square, and regression.  The findings of the present study revealed that the average domestic milk consumption per capita per annum (L) at the study area M = 15.16 was significantly less than the world standard of milk product M = 200, t (128) = (-437.620), P= .000. The result of chi-square shows that insignificant association between supply and demand of milk product X2(1, N=129) = 0.425, P< 0.05) Study findings revealed that the Pearson’s correlation analysis indicated a strong and positive association between Milk production per liter and Income and Assets of the farmer\u27s variables (r=+.847, p<0.000). Hence, appropriate and skilful implementation of milk production management will minimize the gap between the supply and demand of milk products. Therefore, it needs further investigation

Effects of inorganic fertilizer on agricultural productivity in Ganta Afeshum woreda, Tigray region, Ethiopia

oai:ojs2.gjestenv.com:article/2A study was conducted to assess the practice, causes and effects of inorganic fertilizer on agricultural productivity in Ganta Afeshum woreda. The study area was selected, simple random sampling and the development agent respondents were selected in terms of purposive sampling methods of the 134 household respondents. The data collected was used, administering written questionnaires, interviews and direct observation techniques, and calculated mean, SD, tabular, percentages, one sample t-test, chi-square, correlation and regression methods were used for analyzing the data. Based on the finding the research shows a strong positive correlation between land holding in hectares and household monthly income, which was statistically significant, and the variance of inorganic fertilizer applied in farmland area was influenced by household monthly income in Birr. The study shows that there is a difference between the users and non-users of inorganic fertilizer on agricultural productivity in the study area. The final output of the study shows that the effect of inorganic fertilizer on the productivity of irrigated farmland was both positive effects such as increment of productivity, increment of soil fertility, fulfilment food consumption and increment of income earnings and negative effects such as adding acidity, adding salinity and changing the physical and biological properties of soil

Hot Spot analysis of vegetation cover in Uttar Pradesh during 2011 to 2021

This study presents a hot spot analysis of vegetation cover in Uttar Pradesh from 2011 to 2021 using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The MODIS satellite data product "MOD13C2_006_CMG_0_05_Deg_Monthly_NDVI" was utilized for the analysis. The hot spot analysis technique employed was the Getis-Ord Gi*, which identifies clusters of high and low vegetation cover. The results revealed distinct patterns of hot and cold spots across different districts of Uttar Pradesh. Cold spots, indicating lower vegetation cover, were identified in districts such as Auraiya, Banda, Etawah, and Fatehpur. On the other hand, hot spots, indicating higher vegetation cover, were observed in districts including Bijnor, Meerut, Moradabad, and Muzaffarnagar. The findings contribute to our understanding of the dynamics of vegetation cover and its implications for ecosystem health and resilience in the region. These results can guide policymakers and land managers in making informed decisions to promote vegetation growth and improve ecological conditions in Uttar Pradesh

City Biodiversity Index of Lucknow City: A case study

Biodiversity index of a city is a self-assessment tool which helps the city to evaluate the present condition of the urban biodiversity, what are the current conservation strategies, the strength and weaknesses of the existing plan and what policies we need to take in the future for improvement. The whole work is conducted by extensive field survey and data collection and by the implementation of a Geographical Information System (GIS). The indicators are calculated by collected data following the manual of the ‘Singapore index of cities biodiversity’. This is the first application of the index to the city where we describe the profile of the city and baseline measurements were done as indicators. All indicators are assigned with a particular range of points i.e., 0-4, which helps us to determine the current condition of biodiversity in Lucknow City. The total score of the 12 indicators (excluding indicators 4-8) is 30 points and the maximum point is 92 i.e., 32.60% which is below average that means a new conservation strategy needs to be taken and needs to improve the old ones. This index is not a tool to be used only once, it needs to apply at regular time intervals for better results and development

Seasonal Variation of Phytoplankton Community in the river Deorania at Bareilly district of Uttar Pradesh, India

The river Deorania is a good source of irrigation in Bareilly district but today this river is in much worse condition in this region. During extreme months of summer, winter and rainy seasons the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the phytoplankton community of river water Deorania were carried out for three sampling stations. The investigation was carried out during 2005-2006 and 2019-2020 at three different sampling sites. Phytoplankton are prominent primary producers in water bodies. They constitute the main food for zooplankton as well as the majority of fish. Four major groups viz. chlorophyceae, cyanophyceae, euglenophyceae and bacillariophyceae are reported in this water body. In the river deorania, a total of 12 phytoplanktonic genera were identified in the present study. chlorophyceae include 7 genera, Basillariophyceae include 2 genera, Cyanophyceae include 2 genera and Euglenophyceae include 1 genus

Critical Review of Oil Spill Data and Spill Management in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

Readily available and reliable oil spill data is at the forefront of any meaningful attempt to manage the attendant negative effects of oil spills on the environment and livelihoods. The management of oil spills in the Niger Delta region (NDR) of Nigeria is an activity that brings together different stakeholders with the sole aim of mitigating and ameliorating the negative impacts of oil spills on the environment. However, it is evident that despite these concerted efforts in the attempts to manage the oil spill problem in the NDR, the problem persists. New cases of oil spill incidents are reported almost on a weekly basis with the attendant negative consequences accompanied by these spill incidents. Moreover, the vera city of these spill data is viewed with suspicion and apathy. This review is an attempt to appraise the state of oil spill data reporting in the Niger Delta and management efforts geared towards the reduction of oil spill incidents in the region. Data on reported oil spill incidents were reviewed and analysed. Evidence from the review suggests that effective management of the oil spill problem is hampered by excessive red tapism that exists in the management framework of spills in the region. The review concludes that significant investment in oil infrastructure will provide lasting solutions to the problem and recommends the adoption of powerful modelling software to monitor oil spills as well as the use of geospatial techniques, community engagement and proper environmental surveys of the region