Helve'tweet: exploration d'un million de tweets géolocalisés en Suisse, février-août 2017

Réseau social utilisé activement par 8% de la population suisse, Twitter permet à ses utilisateurs de géolocaliser leurs messages. Cette étude exploratoire quantitative, basée sur des messages géolocalisés en Suisse écrits entre le 18 février et le 31 août 2017, fait suite au projet GEoTweet consacré aux tweets genevois en 2014-2015. Elle se propose de répondre à trois questions de recherche pour évaluer les possibilités et les limites de l’utilisation des données fournies par l’API de Twitter lors des recherches sur la Suisse, dans les domaines de la sociologie des données et des sciences de l’information. Le focus est porté plus spécifiquement sur l’exploitation des données de géolocalisation, sur la problématique de l’identification des langues et sur les critères définissant un tweet suisse dans une perspective d’archivage. Après l’introduction et la revue de littérature, le rapport présente la méthodologie utilisée, les biais identifiés et les outils créés pour les mesurer, les éviter ou du moins les minimiser. Une concordance a ainsi été créée entre les place.id de Twitter et la liste officielle des communes suisses pour pallier au caractère non vérifié (en partie obsolètes, en partie erronées) des données géographiques fournies par Twitter. Trois séries de tests ont également été menés pour vérifier la fiabilité de l’algorithme de reconnaissance de langue de Twitter pour l’échantillon. Ils montrent une marge d’erreur de 4,25% sur les grandes langues européennes, mais qui peut monter jusqu’à 92% pour une langue « exotique » comme l’indonésien. Les analyses des tweets et des twittos ont permis de dégager des résultats importants. D’une part, elles montrent les fortes variations de leur nombre et de leur diversité linguistique à travers l’espace et le temps (p.ex. plus de comptes actifs en Suisse alémanique, mais plus de tweets en français dans l’ensemble ; plus de tweets pendant les périodes de vacances, mais baisse de la proportion des tweets et des twittos en langues nationales et en anglais). D’autre part la durée et l’étendue géographique de leur activité sont très variables (p.ex. 82% des comptes avec moins de 10 tweets, 68% actifs pendant un seul mois et 71% dans un seul canton). Des hypothèses ont été formulées et vérifiées pour expliquer ces résultats qui relèvent de la propension élevée des germanophones à twitter en anglais et de l’effet positif des loisirs sur l’envie et l’opportunité de twitter avec géolocalisation. Dans la dernière partie, l’étude propose des pistes afin d’établir des critères pour reconnaître un tweet suisse, en se basant sur les analyses menées préalablement ainsi que sur les expériences menées dans d’autres pays du monde. Le contexte international et suisse de l’archivage des tweets est abordé, sans prétention de vouloir proposer une méthode, au vu de la complexité des enjeux sociologiques, techniques et légaux

Post-traumatic overload or acute syndrome of the os trigonum: a possible cause of posterior ankle impingement

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the post-traumatic overload syndrome of the os trigonum as a possible cause of posterior ankle impingement and hindfoot pain. We have reviewed 19 athletes who were referred to our foot unit between 1995 and 2001 because of posterior ankle pain, and in whom a post-traumatic overload syndrome of os trigonum was diagnosed. All these patients were followed up over a period of 2 years. In 11 cases a chronic repetitive movements in forced plantar flexion was found. In the other eight cases the pain appeared to persist after a standard treatment of an ankle sprain in inversion plantar flexion. The diagnosis was based on clinical history, physical examination and X-rays that revealed a non-fused os trigonum. The confirmation of diagnosis was carried-out injecting local anaesthetic under fluoroscopic control. In all cases a corticosteroid injection as first line treatment was performed. In 6 cases a second injection was necessary to alleviate pain because incomplete recovery with the first injection. Three cases (16%) were recalcitrant to this treatment and in these three cases a surgical excision of the os trigonum was carried out. Our conclusion is that after some chronic athletic activity or an acute ankle sprain the os trigonum, if present, may undergo mechanical overload, remain undisrupted and become painful. Treatment by corticosteroid injection often resolves the proble

MRI in multiple myeloma : a pictorial review of diagnostic and post-treatment findings

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly being used in the diagnostic work-up of patients with multiple myeloma. Since 2014, MRI findings are included in the new diagnostic criteria proposed by the International Myeloma Working Group. Patients with smouldering myeloma presenting with more than one unequivocal focal lesion in the bone marrow on MRI are considered having symptomatic myeloma requiring treatment, regardless of the presence of lytic bone lesions. However, bone marrow evaluation with MRI offers more than only morphological information regarding the detection of focal lesions in patients with MM. The overall performance of MRI is enhanced by applying dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and diffusion weighted imaging sequences, providing additional functional information on bone marrow vascularization and cellularity. This pictorial review provides an overview of the most important imaging findings in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, smouldering myeloma and multiple myeloma, by performing a 'total' MRI investigation with implications for the diagnosis, staging and response assessment. Main message aEuro cent Conventional MRI diagnoses multiple myeloma by assessing the infiltration pattern. aEuro cent Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI diagnoses multiple myeloma by assessing vascularization and perfusion. aEuro cent Diffusion weighted imaging evaluates bone marrow composition and cellularity in multiple myeloma. aEuro cent Combined morphological and functional MRI provides optimal bone marrow assessment for staging. aEuro cent Combined morphological and functional MRI is of considerable value in treatment follow-up

Development and Optimization of a GMP-Compliant Manufacturing Process for a Personalized Tumor Lysate Dendritic Cell Vaccine.

With the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive T-cell therapies, there is a considerable interest in using personalized autologous dendritic cell (DC) vaccines in combination with T cell-targeting immunotherapies to potentially maximize the therapeutic impact of DC vaccines. Here, we describe the development and optimization of a Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-compliant manufacturing process based on tumor lysate as a tumor antigen source for the production of an oxidized tumor cell lysate loaded DC (OC-DC) vaccine. The manufacturing process required one day for lysate preparation and six days for OC-DC vaccine production. Tumor lysate production was standardized based on an optimal tumor digestion protocol and the immunogenicity was improved through oxidation using hypochloric acid prior to freeze-thaw cycles resulting in the oxidized tumor cell lysate (OC-L). Next, monocytes were selected using the CliniMACS prodigy closed system and were placed in culture in cell factories in the presence of IL-4 and GM-CSF. Immature DCs were loaded with OC-L and matured using MPLA-IFNγ. After assessing the functionality of the OC-DC cells (IL12p70 secretion and COSTIM assay), the OC-DC vaccine was cryopreserved in multiple doses for single use. Finally, the stability of the formulated doses was tested and validated. We believe this GMP-compliant DC vaccine manufacturing process will facilitate access of patients to personalized DC vaccines, and allow for multi-center clinical trials

Patients' satisfaction with community treatment: a pilot cross-sectional survey adopting multiple perspectives.

ACCESSIBLE SUMMARY: Patients' satisfaction is scarcely studied within the context of community treatment for adolescents. Thus, this study adopts a multiple perspective on patients' satisfaction (including service users as well as staff members). The results highlighted that all informants (patients, foster carers in foster homes and professional caregivers from community treatment teams) perceived the patients to be satisfied, with foster carers reporting the highest patient satisfaction rate. Considering the patient satisfaction rate from multiple perspectives provides complementary understandings. Clinical outcomes and, specifically, a reduction in emotional difficulties were related to patient's satisfaction, but only from the patients' perspective. ABSTRACT: Community treatment (CT) teams in Switzerland provide care to patients who are unable to use regular child and adolescent mental health services (i.e. inpatient and outpatients facilities). No study has considered patients' self-rated satisfaction alongside with staff members' perspectives on patient satisfaction. Thus, adopting a cross-sectional survey design, we collected patients' satisfaction using the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8), rated by multiple informants (patients, foster carers in foster homes and professional caregivers from CT teams). Professional caregivers assessed clinical outcomes using the Health of the Nation Outcome Scale for Children and Adolescents. The results indicated that all informants were satisfied with the community treatment teams. The satisfaction scores were not correlated across informants; however, the alleviation of emotional symptoms was correlated with patients' satisfaction. This study indicated that the use of a combined approach including the views of service users and professionals gives important complementary information. Finally, in our sample, lower emotional symptoms were linked to enhanced patient satisfaction. This study demonstrated the importance of considering multiple perspectives to obtain the most accurate picture of patients' satisfaction. Second, focusing on the reduction of emotional symptoms might lead to a higher degree of patients' satisfaction

Quantifying the Effects of Prosody Modulation on User Engagement and Satisfaction in Conversational Systems

As voice-based assistants such as Alexa, Siri, and Google Assistant become ubiquitous, users increasingly expect to maintain natural and informative conversations with such systems. However, for an open-domain conversational system to be coherent and engaging, it must be able to maintain the user's interest for extended periods, without sounding boring or annoying. In this paper, we investigate one natural approach to this problem, of modulating response prosody, i.e., changing the pitch and cadence of the response to indicate delight, sadness or other common emotions, as well as using pre-recorded interjections. Intuitively, this approach should improve the naturalness of the conversation, but attempts to quantify the effects of prosodic modulation on user satisfaction and engagement remain challenging. To accomplish this, we report results obtained from a large-scale empirical study that measures the effects of prosodic modulation on user behavior and engagement across multiple conversation domains, both immediately after each turn, and at the overall conversation level. Our results indicate that the prosody modulation significantly increases both immediate and overall user satisfaction. However, since the effects vary across different domains, we verify that prosody modulations do not substitute for coherent, informative content of the responses. Together, our results provide useful tools and insights for improving the naturalness of responses in conversational systems.Comment: Published in CHIIR 2020, 4 page

How a haemosporidian parasite of bats gets around: the genetic structure of a parasite, vector and host compared.

Parasite population structure is often thought to be largely shaped by that of its host. In the case of a parasite with a complex life cycle, two host species, each with their own patterns of demography and migration, spread the parasite. However, the population structure of the parasite is predicted to resemble only that of the most vagile host species. In this study, we tested this prediction in the context of a vector-transmitted parasite. We sampled the haemosporidian parasite Polychromophilus melanipherus across its European range, together with its bat fly vector Nycteribia schmidlii and its host, the bent-winged bat Miniopterus schreibersii. Based on microsatellite analyses, the wingless vector, and not the bat host, was identified as the least structured population and should therefore be considered the most vagile host. Genetic distance matrices were compared for all three species based on a mitochondrial DNA fragment. Both host and vector populations followed an isolation-by-distance pattern across the Mediterranean, but not the parasite. Mantel tests found no correlation between the parasite and either the host or vector populations. We therefore found no support for our hypothesis; the parasite population structure matched neither vector nor host. Instead, we propose a model where the parasite's gene flow is represented by the added effects of host and vector dispersal patterns

Charge-ordering induces magnetic axes rotation in organic materials (TMTTF)₂X (with X = SbF₆, AsF₆, and PF₆)

We have performed a comprehensive EPR investigation of the quasi-one-dimensional organic systems (TMTTF)₂X with centrosymmetrical anions X (X = SbF₆, AsF₆, and PF₆). We observe a strong rotation of g-factor principal axes when the temperature decreases below charge-ordering temperature TCO. The possible origin of this rotation is analyzed on the basis of quantum chemical calculations performed using density functional theory method. A good agreement between theory and experiment is found