Using Automatic Differentiation for Adjoint CFD Code Development

This paper addresses the concerns of CFD code developers who are facing the task of creating a discrete adjoint CFD code for design optimisation. It discusses how the development of such a code can be greatly eased through the selective use of Automatic Differentiation, and how the software development can be subjected to a sequence of checks to ensure the correctness of the final software

Algorithm Developments for Discrete Adjoint Methods

This paper presents a number of algorithm developments for adjoint methods using the 'discrete' approach in which the discretisation of the non-linear equations is linearised and the resulting matrix is then transposed. With a new iterative procedure for solving the adjoint equations, exact numerical equivalence is maintained between the linear and adjoint discretisations. The incorporation of strong boundary conditions within the discrete approach is discussed, as well as a new application of adjoint methods to linear unsteady flow in turbomachinery

Implementasi Ketersediaan Beras Dalam Rangka Ketahanan Pangan Di Kabupaten Batang

Availability of good rice is expected to maintain food security. However, riceavailability in Batang Regency decreases although the consumption of rice is always increases. When this occurs continuously, it is feared that there will be deficits that cause weak food security.Location of the research was in Badan Pelaksana Penyuluhan dan KetahananPangan Batang Regency. Selection of informants was done using a purposive sampling.To test the quality of the obtained data, technique of triangulation was employed. As the focus of study, implementation of the policy observed through results and process, based on the policy performance of observable indicators of effectiveness, efficiency, fairness, adequacy, responsiveness and accuracy. Based on theories of Edwards III, and Van Meter & Van Horn\u27s implementation model synthesis, acquired the factors that support and hinder the implementation of the policy, namely communications, disposition, bureaucratic structure and resources.Based on the results of this research, implementation of the policy on theavailability of rice on Batang has yet to pan out. There are still weakness in efficiency, fairness and effectiveness.The recommendations are (1) addition of equitable distribution and infrastructures; (2) equity of efforts increased production; (3) equitable socialization and counseling services; (4) monitoring during the production process; and (5) intensive socialization and counseling

Intensive laparoscopic laparoscopic training in live tissues – 11 years of experience in Pius Branzeu center from timisoara, Romania

Surgical Clinic II , University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania, Al XI-lea Congres al Asociației Chirurgilor „Nicolae Anestiadi” din Republica Moldova și cea de-a XXXIII-a Reuniune a Chirurgilor din Moldova „Iacomi-Răzeșu” 27-30 septembrie 2011Aims: To assess the effectiveness of intensive laparoscopic training on pigs during 10 years of training. Method: Between 2000 and 2010, 25 intensive (3 days) and 7 advanced (2 days) laparoscopic courses (gastric, biliary, colo-rectal and bariatric) on live tissue were organized, with 324 participants coming from 13 countries. This poster presents the effectiveness of the training of the 244 surgeons who followed the 3 days laparoscopy skills courses. At the beginning of the first day, during the training and at the end of each day the acquirement of the skills participants were evaluated. Three groups where studied: the first group with no experience in laparoscopic surgery; the second group with less than 10 laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the third group with more than 10 laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Results: The first group had a lot of difficulty and were able to acquire only less than 32% of the taught techniques, the second group performed better and acquired 62% of the taught techniques and the third group performed very well acquiring 95% of the taught techniques. Conclusion: Surgeons with no previous laparoscopic surgery experience take little benefit from these courses. They should be encouraged to acquire basic skills on trainer boxes or on virtual reality simulators before the training on pigs. Surgeons with very little experience in laparoscopic surgery acquire important skills, but the best benefit is taken by surgeons with some laparoscopic surgery experience

Measurement of gauge blocks by interferometry

The key comparison EURAMET.L-K1.2011 on gauge blocks was carried out in the framework of a EURAMET project starting in 2012 and ending in 2015. It involved the participation of 24 National Metrology Institutes from Europe and Egypt, respectively. 38 gauge blocks of steel and ceramic with nominal central lengths between 0.5 mm and 500 mm were circulated. The comparison was conducted in two loops with two sets of artifacts. A statistical technique for linking the reference values was applied. As a consequence the reference value of one loop is influenced by the measurements of the other loop although they did not even see the artifacts of the others. This influence comes solely from three "linking laboratories" which measure both sets of artifacts. In total there were 44 results were not fully consistent with the reference values. This represents 10% of the full set of 420 results which is a considerable high number. At least 12 of them are clearly outliers where the participants have been informed by the pilot as soon as possible. The comparison results help to support the calibration and measurement capabilities (CMCs) of the laboratories involved in the CIPM MRA

The upgrade of the ALICE TPC with GEMs and continuous readout

The upgrade of the ALICE TPC will allow the experiment to cope with the high interaction rates foreseen for the forthcoming Run 3 and Run 4 at the CERN LHC. In this article, we describe the design of new readout chambers and front-end electronics, which are driven by the goals of the experiment. Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors arranged in stacks containing four GEMs each, and continuous readout electronics based on the SAMPA chip, an ALICE development, are replacing the previous elements. The construction of these new elements, together with their associated quality control procedures, is explained in detail. Finally, the readout chamber and front-end electronics cards replacement, together with the commissioning of the detector prior to installation in the experimental cavern, are presented. After a nine-year period of R&D, construction, and assembly, the upgrade of the TPC was completed in 2020.publishedVersio

Regulation of Bestrophins by Ca2+: A Theoretical and Experimental Study

Bestrophins are a recently discovered family of Cl− channels, for which no structural information is available. Some family members are activated by increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Bestrophins feature a well conserved Asp-rich tract in their COOH terminus (Asp-rich domain), which is homologous to Ca2+-binding motifs in human thrombospondins and in human big-conductance Ca2+- and voltage-gated K+ channels (BKCa). Consequently, the Asp-rich domain is also a candidate for Ca2+ binding in bestrophins. Based on these considerations, we constructed homology models of human bestrophin-1 (Best1) Asp-rich domain using human thrombospondin-1 X-ray structure as a template. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to identify Asp and Glu residues binding Ca2+ and to predict the effects of their mutations to alanine. We then proceeded to test selected mutations in the Asp-rich domain of the highly homologous mouse bestrophin-2. The mutants expressed in HEK-293 cells were investigated by electrophysiological experiments using the whole-cell voltage-clamp technique. Based on our molecular modeling results, we predicted that Asp-rich domain has two defined binding sites and that D301A and D304A mutations may impact the binding of the metal ions. The experiments confirmed that these mutations do actually affect the function of the protein causing a large decrease in the Ca2+-activated Cl− current, fully consistent with our predictions. In addition, other studied mutations (E306A, D312A) did not decrease Ca2+-activated Cl− current in agreement with modeling results