IMPACT OF BRAND IMAGE ON BUYING BEHAVIOUR AMONG TEENAGERS

The objective of this research study is to analyze the impact of brand image on teenagers brand choice, source of information, factors affecting buying choice and level of satisfaction. The sample of the study is 300 respondents in which 150 students were chosen from schools and 150 students were selected from colleges of Karachi. Two schools and two colleges were selected for this research study. Through a structured questionnaire data were collected and with the help of SPSS, analysis was made. The results revealed that values of regression analysis shows that there is 33.7% variance of buying behavior of teenagers explain by the impact of advertisement on buying behavior, advertisement’s impact on brand image and brand image impact on brand loyalty. The results of Pearson correlation shows that teenagers buying behavior is significantly 36% correlated with teenager’s loyalty and 49% with advertisement impact on brand image. The teenagers buying behavior is also 38.8% positively and significantly correlated with advertisement. The results of correlation also interpreting that the all relationship is positive and high significant at 0.01 level. There is a practical relation between brand image and consumer teenager buying behaviour. Marketers can utilize the findings in order to come up with carious marketing strategies in order to target teenagers in more precise manner

Advanced Carbon Functional Materials for Superior Energy Storage

In the developing world, energy crisis is the main reason for less progress and development. Renewable and sustainable energy may be of bright future for scientific lagging and low-income countries; further, sustainability through smart materials got a huge potential; so, hereby keeping in view the energy crisis which the developing world is facing for many decades, we are proposing to write a chapter project for obtaining energy through cheap, sustainable, and functional advanced carbon materials. Carbon materials are the future of energy storage devices because of their ability to store energy in great capacity. The graphene is a material with amazing properties like no band gap, which turns graphene a wonderful candidate for use in the photovoltaic. Shortly, this chapter will discuss how superior energy storage may be obtained through various routes like using pyrrolic (N5) and pyridinic (N6) doping in advanced carbon functional materials, or superior energy by KOH activation in carbon materials, or through carbonization in organic matter, respectively. Further, for the advanced carbon functional materials, the superior energy storage using pyrrolic (N5) and pyridinic (N6) doping, or KOH activation, or through carbonization will be discussed one by one for lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors, and relevant energy devices, respectively

Griscelli syndrome type 2 – A case report and clinical approach to silver blonde hair

Griscelli syndrome type 2 is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the RAB27A gene. It is characterized by pigmentary dilution of the skin and hair causing silvery gray hair, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and characteristic light microscopy findings in scalp hair shaft seen as large irregular clumps of pigment as opposed to the evenly distributed pigment along the hair shaft without any clumps. We describe a boy with classic features of Griscelli syndrome type 2 from Pakistan in whom a homozygous mutation in the RAB27A gene was identified that showed a single base substitution (c.598C>T) predicted to cause premature protein termination (p.Arg200∗). We also present a clinical approach to silver blonde hair differentiating between the Griscelli syndrome types 1, 2 and 3, Chediak Hegashi Syndrome and Elejalde Syndrome

Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy disease in three siblings from Pakistan with a novel mutation

Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) is a rare multisystem autosomal recessive disorder. The disease is clinically heterogeneous with gastrointestinal symptoms of intestinal dysmotility and cachexia as well as neurological symptoms of ophthalmoplegia, neuropathy, sensorineural hearing impairment, and diffuse leukoencephalopathy being most prominent. MNGIE is caused by mutations in TYMP , a gene that encodes thymidine phosphorylase (TP)-a cytosolic enzyme. Mutations in TYMP lead to very low TP catalytic activity, resulting in dramatically increased thymidine and deoxyuridine in plasma. We describe the clinical, biochemical, and neuroimaging findings of three boys with MNGIE from a Pakistani family with a novel homozygous mutation, c.798_801dupCGCG p. (Ala268Argfs*?), in exon 7 of TYM

Determination of Kinetic and Thermodynamic Parameters of Pyrolysis of Coal and Sugarcane Bagasse Blends Pretreated by Ionic Liquid: A Step towards Optimization of Energy Systems

Pyrolysis behavior of ionic liquid (IL) pretreated coal and sugarcane bagasse (SCB) blends through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was studied. Three blends of coal and SCB having 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 ratios by weight were treated with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Emim][Cl]) at 150 degrees C for 3 h. Untreated and IL treated blends were then analyzed under pyrolytic conditions in a TGA at a constant ramp rate of 20 degrees C/min. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were evaluated using ten Coats-Redfern (CR) models to assess reaction mechanism. Results showed that the untreated blends followed a definite pattern and were proportional to the concentration of SCB in the blends. IL treated blends exhibited a higher average rate of degradation and total weight loss, indicating that IL had disrupted the cross-linking structure of coal and lignocellulosic structure of SCB. This will enhance the energy generation potential of biomass through thermochemical conversion processes. The lower activation energy (Ea) was calculated for IL treated blends, revealing facile thermal decomposition after IL treatment. Thermodynamic parameters, enthalpy change (Delta H), Gibbs free energy change (Delta G), and entropy change (Delta S), revealed that the pyrolysis reactions were endothermic. This study would help in designing optimized thermochemical conversion systems for energy generation

A Feasibility Study: Testing Whether a Sleep Application Providing Objective Sleep Data to Physicians Improves Patient-Physician Communication Regarding Sleep Experiences, Habits, and Behaviors

Introduction: Sleep tracker data have not been utilized routinely in sleep-related disorders and their management. Sleep-related disorders are common in primary care practice and incorporating sleep tracker data may help in improving patient care. We conducted a pilot study to assess the feasibility of a sleep program using the Fitbit Charge 2™ device and SleepLife® application. The main aim of the study was to examine whether a program using a commercially available wearable sleep tracker device providing objective sleep data would improve communication in primary care settings between patients and their providers. Secondary aims included whether patient satisfaction with care would improve as result of the program. Methods: A prospective, randomized, parallel group, observational pilot study was conducted in 20 primary care clinics in Indianapolis, IN from June 2018 to February 2019. Inclusion criteria included patients over the age of 18, have a diagnosis of insomnia identified by electronic medical record and/or a validated questionnaire, and were on a prescription sleep aid. The study was not specific to any sleep aid prescription, branded or generic, and was not designed to evaluate a drug or drug class. Each primary care clinic was randomized to either the SleepLife® intervention or the control arm. All patients were provided with a Fitbit Charge 2™ device. Only patients in the intervention arm were educated on how to use the SleepLife® application. Physicians in the intervention arm were set up with the SleepLife® portal on their computers. Results: Forty-nine physicians and 75 patients were enrolled in the study. Patients had a mean age of 57 (SD 12.8) years and 61% were female. Mean age of physicians was 47 (SD 10.6) years. Patients showed high rates of involvement in the program with 83% completing all survey questions. Physician survey completion rate was 55%. Only one physician logged into the SleepLife portal to check their patients' sleep status. At the end of the 6-week intervention, patients' composite general satisfaction scores with sleep health management decreased significantly in the intervention arm when compared to controls (p = 0.03). Patients' satisfaction with communication also decreased significantly in the intervention group (p = 0.01). The sleep outcomes, which were calculated on the basis of study questionnaire answers, improved significantly in the intervention group as compared to the control group (p = 0.04). Physician communication satisfaction scores remained unchanged (p = 0.12). Conclusions: SleepLife® and its related physician portal can facilitate physician-patient communication, and it captures patient sleep outcomes including behaviors and habits. Patients were highly engaged with the program, while physicians did not demonstrate engagement. The study design and questionnaires do not specifically address the reasons behind the decreased patient satisfaction with care and communication, but it was perceived to be a result of physician non-responsiveness. Sleep quality scores on the other hand showed an improvement among SleepLife® users, suggesting that patients may have implemented good sleep practices on their own. Given that it was a feasibility study, and the sample size was small, we were not able to make major inferences regarding the difference between sleep disorder types. Additionally, we excluded patients with a history of alcohol use, substance abuse, or depression because of concerns that they may affect sleep independently. To promote the growth of technology in primary care, further research incorporating results from this study and physician engagement techniques should be included

Decreasing Delirium Through Music: A Randomized Pilot Trial

Background Management of delirium in intensive care units is challenging because effective therapies are lacking. Music is a promising nonpharmacological intervention. Objectives To determine the feasibility and acceptability of personalized music (PM), slow-tempo music (STM), and attention control (AC) in patients receiving mechani- cal ventilation in an intensive care unit, and to estimate the effect of music on delirium. Methods A randomized controlled trial was performed in an academic medical-surgical intensive care unit. After particular inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, patients were randomized to groups listening to PM, relax- ing STM, or an audiobook (AC group). Sessions lasted 1 hour and were given twice daily for up to 7 days. Patients wore noise-canceling headphones and used mp3 players to listen to their music/audiobook. Delirium and delirium severity were assessed twice daily by using the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) and the CAM-ICU-7, respectively. Results Of the 1589 patients screened, 117 (7.4%) were eligible. Of those, 52 (44.4%) were randomized, with a recruitment rate of 5 patients per month. Adherence was higher in the groups listening to music (80% in the PM and STM groups vs 30% in the AC group; P = .01), and 80% of patients surveyed rated the music as enjoyable. The median number (interquartile range) of delirium/ coma-free days by day 7 was 2 (1-6) for PM, 3 (1-6) for STM, and 2 (0-3) for AC (P = .32). Median delirium sever- ity was 5.5 (1-7) for PM, 3.5 (0-7) for STM, and 4 (1-6.5) for AC (P = .78). Conclusions Music delivery is acceptable to patients and is feasible in intensive care units. Further research test- ing use of this promising intervention to reduce delirium is warranted. (American Journal of Critical Care. 2020; 29:e31-e38

Risk Factors for Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) Among Young and Old Age Groups Patients of District Peshawar

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is an important health care problem worldwide. Various associated risk factors have been identified for the disease. Prevention of these risk factors in the public may improve the attributed mortality rate. To determine the most frequent risk factors among IHD patients of District Peshawar, Pakistan. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted for this study. Adult IHD patients were recruited from two tertiary healthcare centers of Peshawar, KP Pakistan. Thestudy patients were divided into two age groups. A questionnaire depicting demographic and clinical details of the patients was filled out for each patient. The data collected was analyzed between the two age groups employing SPSS version 22. A majority of the younger age group patients lacked in exercise. Smoking and hypertension were also found to be more frequent, in respective order, than other risk factors among younger age group patients. High body mass index (BMI) was the most frequent finding in the older age group patients, followed by consumption of fatty diet. Inactivity, smoking, and HTN were The most frequent risk factors found in young adult CAD patients of KP, whereas fatty diet and a consequential high BMI were the most frequent findings among the older patients