Précis des leçons d'architecture données à l'Ecole Polytechnique (second volume)

PRÉCIS DES LEÇONS D'ARCHITECTURE DONNÉES À L'ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE (SECOND VOLUME) Précis des leçons d'architecture données à l'Ecole Polytechnique (-) Précis des leçons d'architecture données à l'Ecole Polytechnique (second volume) (2) (-) Einband (-) Titelseite (-) Errata (-) Discours préliminaire ([1]) Troisième partie: Examen des principaux genres d’Édifices (21) Première section: Des principales parties des villes (21) Deuxième section: Des édifices publics (35) Troisième section: Des édifices particuliers (75) Notice (99) Table des Matières contenues dans ce Volume (103) Planche 1: Tombeaux, Arcs de triomphe (Planche 1) Planche 2: Places publiques (Planche 2) Planche 3: Plan général d'un palais (Planche 3) Planche 4: Palais (Planche 4) Planche 5: Trésor public (Planche 5) Planche 6: Palais de Justice (Planche 6) Planche 7: Justice de paix. Maison commune (Planche 7) Planche 8: Collège (Planche 8) Planche 9: Institut (Planche 9) Planche 10: Bibliothèque (Planche 10) Planche 11: Muséum (Planche 11) Planche 12: Observatoire. Phare (Planche 12) Planche 13: Halle. Boucherie (Planche 13) Planche 14: Bourse. Douane (Planche 14) Planche 15: Foire (Planche 15) Planche 16: Théatre (Planche 16) Planche 17: Bains publics (Planche 17) Planche 18: Hôpitaux (Planche 18) Planche 19: Prisons (Planche 19) Planche 20: Casernes (Planche 20) Planche 21: Diverses dispositions d'édifices particuliers à la ville (Planche 21) Planches 22: Maisons particulières à la ville (Planche 22) Planche 23: Maison particulière executée à Paris, rue du Faubourg Poissonnière (Planche 23) Planche 24: Palais projetté pour St. Petersbourg (Planche 24) Planche 25: Maisons à loyer. Terrains irréguliers (Planche 25) Planche 26: Maison à loyer projettée sur le terrain du Fort l'Evêque à Paris (Planche 26) Planche 27: Maison de ville et de campagne (Planche 27) Planche 28: Maison de ville et de campagne (Planche 28) Planche 29: Maison de campagne (Planche 29) Planche 30: Maison de campagne (Planche 30) Planche 31: Maison de campagne de Mr. Lermina (Planche 31) Planche 32: Hôtellerie et poste. Ferme (Planche 32) Farbinformation (-) Einband (-) Einband (-

Précis des leçons d'architecture données à l'Ecole Polytechnique (premier volume)

PRÉCIS DES LEÇONS D'ARCHITECTURE DONNÉES À L'ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE (PREMIER VOLUME) Précis des leçons d'architecture données à l'Ecole Polytechnique (-) Précis des leçons d'architecture données à l'Ecole Polytechnique (premier volume) (1) (-) Einband (-) Einband (-) Brief von Durand an Karl Reinhard Ferdinand Fischer vom 14. Juni[?] 1817: "A Monsieur Ferd. Fischer, architecte du roi de Wirtemberg" (-) "Notice sur M. L.-J.-N. Durand architecte, décédé le 21 décembre 1834". (Extrait du Moniteur [universel] du 6 janvier 1835). Provenienzvermerk: "M. Fischer Elève de M. Durand" (-) Durand, architecte (-) Titelseite (-) Préface (-) Introduction. But de l'Architecture. Moyens qu'elle emploie. Principes généraux qui en découlent. ([1]) Première partie. Élémens des édifices. (25) Première section: Qualité des matériaux. (25) Deuxième section: Emploi des matériaux. (41) Troisième section: Formes et proportions. (65) Première Partie. Planche 1 (-) Première Partie. Planche 2: Construction des Murs, Plans de bois, Colonnes, Plates-bandes, &c. (-) Première Partie. Planche 3: Construction des planchers, des Voutes, des Combles (-) Première Partie. Planche 4: Ensemble des Ordres (-) Première Partie. Planche 5: Détails des Ordres en général - Masses, Moulures, Assemblages de Moulures (-) Première Partie. Planche 6: Détails des Ordres - Dorique Grec, Toscan, Dorique Romain, Ionique, Corinthien (-) Première Partie. Planche 7: Détails particuliers à quelques Ordres &c. (-) Première Partie. Planche 8: Arcades (-) Première Partie. Planche 9: Portes, Croisées (-) Première Partie. Planche 10: Compartimens de Pavé, de Murs, de Lambris, de Voutes &c. (-) Deuxième partie. Composition en général. (-) Première section: Combinaison des élémens. (-) Deuxième section: Partie des édifices. (94) Troisième section: Ensemble des édifices. (103) Notice (107) Division de l'ouvrage (-) Errata (-) Deuxième Partie. Planche 1: Combinaisons horizontales, de Colonnes, de Pilastres, de Murs, de Portes et de Croisées (-) Deuxième Partie. Planche 2: Combinaisons verticales de Colonnes, d'Arcades, de Voutes, &c. (-) Deuxième Partie. Planche 3: Combinaisons verticales de Colonnes, d'Arcades de Croisées, &c., &c. (-) Deuxième Partie. Planche 4: Combinaisons verticales de pilastres (-) Deuxième Partie. Planche 5: Combinaisons verticales de contreforts (-) Deuxième Partie. Planche 6: Combinaisons de Combles (-) Deuxième Partie. Planche 7: Loges (-) Deuxième Partie. Planche 8: Belvedères et Pavillons (-) Deuxième Partie. Planche 9: Porches (-) Deuxième Partie. Planche 10: Porches (-) Deuxième Partie. Planche 11: Vestibules (-) Deuxième Partie. Planche 12: Escaliers (-) Deuxième Partie. Planche 13: Salles (-) Deuxième Partie. Planche 14: Galleries (-) Deuxième Partie. Planche 15: Pièces centrales &c. (-) Deuxième Partie. Planche 16: Cours (-) Deuxième Partie. Planche 17: Escaliers extérieurs, Grottes &c. (-) Deuxième Partie. Planche 18: Emploi des Objets de la Nature dans la Composition des édifices - Eaux (-) Deuxième Partie. Planche 19: Emploi des Objets de la Nature dans la Composition des édifices - Vignes (-) Deuxièmes Partie. Planche 20: Ensemble d'édifices résultants des divisions du quarré, du parallélogramme et de leurs combinaisons avec le cercle (-) Deuxièmes Partie. Planche 21: Assemblages de parties d'édifices (-) Deuxièmes Partie. Planche 22: Assemblages de parties d'édifices (-) Einband (-

Partie graphique des cours d'architecture : faits a l'école royale polytechnique depuis sa réorganisation : précédée d'un sommaire des leçons relatives a ce nouveau travail

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Ten Years of Valuation of the Local Impact of Atmospheric Pollution: from Scientific Assessments to Political Decisions

This paper focuses on the economic valuation of the impact of local air pollution. Two main issues are considered: 1. The scientific issue: what is estimated, how and why? The main studies from the nineties are presented here. Two strong issues are stressed, with the diversity of valuation methods, on the one hand, and the debates on how to take the long term into account and the discount technique, on the other. 2. The political issue: how the results from the economic field are analysed and used to establish official values for public policies? The methods used in the transport sector in three different European countries (France, Sweden and Switzerland) are studied here.To conclude, we highlight the discrepancy between these two processes and, wherever possible, offer solutions to reach better synergy.Local air pollution ; External costs ; Economic valuation ; Official values ; Public decision ; International comparison

GenoLink: a graph-based querying and browsing system for investigating the function of genes and proteins

BACKGROUND: A large variety of biological data can be represented by graphs. These graphs can be constructed from heterogeneous data coming from genomic and post-genomic technologies, but there is still need for tools aiming at exploring and analysing such graphs. This paper describes GenoLink, a software platform for the graphical querying and exploration of graphs. RESULTS: GenoLink provides a generic framework for representing and querying data graphs. This framework provides a graph data structure, a graph query engine, allowing to retrieve sub-graphs from the entire data graph, and several graphical interfaces to express such queries and to further explore their results. A query consists in a graph pattern with constraints attached to the vertices and edges. A query result is the set of all sub-graphs of the entire data graph that are isomorphic to the pattern and satisfy the constraints. The graph data structure does not rely upon any particular data model but can dynamically accommodate for any user-supplied data model. However, for genomic and post-genomic applications, we provide a default data model and several parsers for the most popular data sources. GenoLink does not require any programming skill since all operations on graphs and the analysis of the results can be carried out graphically through several dedicated graphical interfaces. CONCLUSION: GenoLink is a generic and interactive tool allowing biologists to graphically explore various sources of information. GenoLink is distributed either as a standalone application or as a component of the Genostar/Iogma platform. Both distributions are free for academic research and teaching purposes and can be requested at [email protected]. A commercial licence form can be obtained for profit company at [email protected]. See also

Dix ans de monétarisation des effets locaux de la pollution atmosphérique : des évaluations scientifiques aux décisions politiques

Cette communication s'intéresse à la valorisation monétaire des impacts environnementaux de la pollution atmosphérique locale. Comment, d'un côté, ces chiffres sont-ils construits par les économistes, et comment, de l'autre, sont-ils repris et utilisés pour établir des valeurs officielles dans le cadre des politiques publiques ? Nous mettons en lumière les écarts existant entre les deux et proposons des solutions pour les réduire.Pollution locale ; effets ; monétarisation ; actualisation ; valeurs tutélaires ; décision publique ; comparaison internationale

A new 3MW ECRH system at 105 GHz for WEST

The aim of the WEST experiments is to master long plasma pulses (1000s) and expose ITER-like tungsten wall to deposited heat fluxes up to 10 MW/m$^2$. To increase the margin to reach the H-Mode and to control W-impurities in the plasma, the installation of an upgraded ECRH heating system, with a gyrotron performance of 1MW/1000s per unit, is planned in 2023. With the modifications of Tore Supra to WEST, simulations at a magnetic field B$_0$∼3.7T and a central density n$_{e0}$∼6 × 10$^{19}$ m$^{−3}$ show that the optimal frequency for central absorption is 105 GHz. For this purpose, a 105 GHz/1MW gyrotron (TH1511) has been designed at KIT in 2021, based on the technological design of the 140 GHz/1.5 MW (TH1507U) gyrotron for W7-X. Currently, three units are under fabrication at THALES. In the first phase of the project, some of the previous Tore Supra Electron Cyclotron (EC) system components will be re-installed and re-used whenever possible. This paper describes the studies performed to adapt the new ECRH system to 105 GHz and the status of the modifications necessary to re-start the system with a challenging schedule

Architecture, Multitude and the Analogical City as a Critical Project

This article develops a theory of the multitude for architecture. It is a close-reading of political theorist Paolo Virno’s concept of the multitude and its associated categories of language, repetition and what Virno calls “real abstraction.” The article transposes those categories to the thought of Aldo Rossi on typology, the city as a text and the analogical city. The aim is to explore the conditions of possibility for a renewed critical project for architecture and to articulate architecture’s capacity for framing a collective political subject. The key questions addressed are therefore how does Virno’s grammar of the multitude translate into an architectural grammar for the city; and how can architecture frame a collective political subject

The Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit: a consolidated design for the system requirement review of the preliminary definition phase

The Athena X-ray Integral Unit (X-IFU) is the high resolution X-ray spectrometer studied since 2015 for flying in the mid-30s on the Athena space X-ray Observatory. Athena is a versatile observatory designed to address the Hot and Energetic Universe science theme, as selected in November 2013 by the Survey Science Committee. Based on a large format array of Transition Edge Sensors (TES), X-IFU aims to provide spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy, with a spectral resolution of 2.5 eV (up to 7 keV) over a hexagonal field of view of 5 arc minutes (equivalent diameter). The X-IFU entered its System Requirement Review (SRR) in June 2022, at about the same time when ESA called for an overall X-IFU redesign (including the X-IFU cryostat and the cooling chain), due to an unanticipated cost overrun of Athena. In this paper, after illustrating the breakthrough capabilities of the X-IFU, we describe the instrument as presented at its SRR (i.e. in the course of its preliminary definition phase, so-called B1), browsing through all the subsystems and associated requirements. We then show the instrument budgets, with a particular emphasis on the anticipated budgets of some of its key performance parameters, such as the instrument efficiency, spectral resolution, energy scale knowledge, count rate capability, non X-ray background and target of opportunity efficiency. Finally, we briefly discuss the ongoing key technology demonstration activities, the calibration and the activities foreseen in the X-IFU Instrument Science Center, touch on communication and outreach activities, the consortium organisation and the life cycle assessment of X-IFU aiming at minimising the environmental footprint, associated with the development of the instrument. Thanks to the studies conducted so far on X-IFU, it is expected that along the design-to-cost exercise requested by ESA, the X-IFU will maintain flagship capabilities in spatially resolved high resolution X-ray spectroscopy, enabling most of the original X-IFU related scientific objectives of the Athena mission to be retained. The X-IFU will be provided by an international consortium led by France, The Netherlands and Italy, with ESA member state contributions from Belgium, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, with additional contributions from the United States and Japan.The French contribution to X-IFU is funded by CNES, CNRS and CEA. This work has been also supported by ASI (Italian Space Agency) through the Contract 2019-27-HH.0, and by the ESA (European Space Agency) Core Technology Program (CTP) Contract No. 4000114932/15/NL/BW and the AREMBES - ESA CTP No.4000116655/16/NL/BW. This publication is part of grant RTI2018-096686-B-C21 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. This publication is part of grant RTI2018-096686-B-C21 and PID2020-115325GB-C31 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033