Una taxonomía del término “nativo digital” : nuevas formas de relación y de comunicación

A partir del análisis de las diferentes teorías existentes en torno al término “nativo digital” que han surgido en la última década, se ha esgrimido una taxonomía que explica y define las características que implica dicha expresión. El origen del término “Nativos Digitales”, proviene de la reflexión del ecléctico Marc Prensky que, en su determinante artículo “Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants”, establece una diferencia entre perfiles diversos de uso y acceso a las TIC, y creando como oposición la categoría de inmigrante digital. De forma concisa define a los nativos digitales como la primera generación que ha crecido con las tecnologías digitales y que son "nativos" del lenguaje de los ordenadores, videojuegos e Internet, mientras que los inmigrantes digitales son aquellos que no han crecido en un mundo digital, pero se han acercado a esta tecnología adoptando algunos aspectos. Como método se ha seguido el análisis documental de las teorías y definiciones preexistentes con el fin de obtener una definición global que reúna las características más representativas de la generación digital. Desde la teoría de Globalización de Levit, pasando por la Evolución demográfica de Tapscott, las edades de las audiencias de Palmgreen y Rayburn, la teoría invertida de la Pirámide de Maslow de Jeroen Boschma, Ciudadanos digitales vs nativos digitales de Genius Roca, el Conectivismo de George Siemens, así como la forma y grado de interacción con la información de un nativo digital definido por John Palfrey y Urs Gasser configuran el cuerpo de análisis de la investigación. Teorías que aportan un espectro amplio del término “nativo digital” y que ayudan a configurar su taxonomía. A raíz de dicho análisis las conclusiones se manifiestan en definir una serie de rasgos comunes a los “nativos digitales”. Una serie de atributos o aspectos significativos que delimitan nuevas formas de relación y de comunicación

Metabolómica de la lágrima

Unidad Docente de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORLFac. de Óptica y OptometríaTRUEpu

Contrastar las dificultades y demandas que tienen los estudiantes con diversidad en el acceso a primer curso de los estudios de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Conocer la opinión de los coordinadores de la Oficina para la Inclusión de Personas con Diversidad de las facultades y centros adscritos y del profesorado de primer curso de grado que tengan matriculado estudiantes con diversidad funcional y/o necesidades educativas especificas en sus asignaturas, para identificar las dificultades y demandas que tienen este perfil de estudiantes en las adaptaciones curriculares en el acceso a primer curso de los estudios, en la Universidad Complutense de Madri

Atherosclerotic Pre-Conditioning Affects the Paracrine Role of Circulating Angiogenic Cells Ex-Vivo

In atherosclerosis, circulating angiogenic cells (CAC), also known as early endothelial progenitor cells (eEPC), are thought to participate mainly in a paracrine fashion by promoting the recruitment of other cell populations such as late EPC, or endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFC), to the injured areas. There, ECFC replace the damaged endothelium, promoting neovascularization. However, despite their regenerative role, the number and function of EPC are severely affected under pathological conditions, being essential to further understand how these cells react to such environments in order to implement their use in regenerative cell therapies. Herein, we evaluated the effect of direct incubation ex vivo of healthy CAC with the secretome of atherosclerotic arteries. By using a quantitative proteomics approach, 194 altered proteins were identified in the secretome of pre-conditioned CAC, many of them related to inhibition of angiogenesis (e.g., endostatin, thrombospondin-1, fibulins) and cell migration. Functional assays corroborated that healthy CAC released factors enhanced ECFC angiogenesis, but, after atherosclerotic pre-conditioning, the secretome of pre-stimulated CAC negatively affected ECFC migration, as well as their ability to form tubules on a basement membrane matrix assay. Overall, we have shown here, for the first time, the effect of atherosclerotic factors over the paracrine role of CAC ex vivo. The increased release of angiogenic inhibitors by CAC in response to atherosclerotic factors induced an angiogenic switch, by blocking ECFC ability to form tubules in response to pre-conditioned CAC. Thus, we confirmed here that the angiogenic role of CAC is highly affected by the atherosclerotic environment

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Liver injury in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with urea cycle enzyme dysregulation

The main aim was to evaluate changes in urea cycle enzymes in NAFLD patients and in two preclinical animal models mimicking this entity. Seventeen liver specimens from NAFLD patients were included for immunohistochemistry and gene expression analyses. Three-hundred-and-eighty-two biopsy-proven NAFLD patients were genotyped for rs1047891, a functional variant located in carbamoyl phosphate synthetase-1 (CPS1) gene. Two preclinical models were employed to analyse CPS1 by immunohistochemistry, a choline deficient high-fat diet model (CDA-HFD) and a high fat diet LDLr knockout model (LDLr −/−). A significant downregulation in mRNA was observed in CPS1 and ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC1) in simple steatosis and NASH-fibrosis patients versus controls. Further, age, obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2), diabetes mellitus and ALT werefound to be risk factors whereas A-allele from CPS1 was a protective factor from liver fibrosis. CPS1 hepatic expression was diminished in parallel with the increase of fibrosis, and its levels reverted up to normality after changing diet in CDA-HFD mice. In conclusion, liver fibrosis and steatosis were associated with a reduction in both gene and protein expression patterns of mitochondrial urea cycle enzymes. A-allele from a variant on CPS1 may protect from fibrosis development. CPS1 expression is restored in a preclinical model when the main trigger of the liver damage disappears

Effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral intervention in patients with medically unexplained symptoms: cluster randomized trial

BACKGROUND: Medically unexplained symptoms are an important mental health problem in primary care and generate a high cost in health services.Cognitive behavioral therapy and psychodynamic therapy have proven effective in these patients. However, there are few studies on the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions by primary health care. The project aims to determine whether a cognitive-behavioral group intervention in patients with medically unexplained symptoms, is more effective than routine clinical practice to improve the quality of life measured by the SF-12 questionary at 12 month. METHODS/DESIGN: This study involves a community based cluster randomized trial in primary healthcare centres in Madrid (Spain). The number of patients required is 242 (121 in each arm), all between 18 and 65 of age with medically unexplained symptoms that had seeked medical attention in primary care at least 10 times during the previous year. The main outcome variable is the quality of life measured by the SF-12 questionnaire on Mental Healthcare. Secondary outcome variables include number of consultations, number of drug (prescriptions) and number of days of sick leave together with other prognosis and descriptive variables. Main effectiveness will be analyzed by comparing the percentage of patients that improve at least 4 points on the SF-12 questionnaire between intervention and control groups at 12 months. All statistical tests will be performed with intention to treat. Logistic regression with random effects will be used to adjust for prognostic factors. Confounding factors or factors that might alter the effect recorded will be taken into account in this analysis. DISCUSSION: This study aims to provide more insight to address medically unexplained symptoms, highly prevalent in primary care, from a quantitative methodology. It involves intervention group conducted by previously trained nursing staff to diminish the progression to the chronicity of the symptoms, improve quality of life, and reduce frequency of medical consultations. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01484223 [http://ClinicalTrials.gov].S