Supersymmetric Euler-Heisenberg effective action: Two-loop results

The two-loop Euler-Heisenberg-type effective action for N = 1 supersymmetric QED is computed within the background field approach. The background vector multiplet is chosen to obey the constraints D_\a W_\b = D_{(\a} W_{\b)} = const, but is otherwise completely arbitrary. Technically, this calculation proves to be much more laborious as compared with that carried out in hep-th/0308136 for N = 2 supersymmetric QED, due to a lesser amount of supersymmetry. Similarly to Ritus' analysis for spinor and scalar QED, the two-loop renormalisation is carried out using proper-time cut-off regularisation. A closed-form expression is obtained for the holomorphic sector of the two-loop effective action, which is singled out by imposing a relaxed super self-duality condition.Comment: 27 pages, 2 eps figures, LaTeX; V2: typos corrected, comments and reference adde

The BPS Domain Wall Solutions in Self-Dual Chern-Simons-Higgs Systems

We study domain wall solitons in the relativistic self-dual Chern-Simons Higgs systems by the dimensional reduction method to two dimensional spacetime. The Bogomolny bound on the energy is given by two conserved quantities in a similar way that the energy bound for BPS dyons is set in some Yang-Mills-Higgs systems in four dimensions. We find the explicit soliton configurations which saturate the energy bound and their nonrelativistic counter parts. We also discuss the underlying N=2 supersymmetry.Comment: 16 pages, LaTeX, no figure, a minor change in acknowledgment

Far-infrared emission in luminous quasars accompanied by nuclear outflows

Combining large-area optical quasar surveys with the new far-infrared (FIR) Herschel-ATLAS Data Release 1, we search for an observational signature associated with the minority of quasars possessing bright FIR luminosities. We find that FIR-bright quasars show broad C IV emission-line blueshifts in excess of that expected from the optical luminosity alone, indicating particularly powerful nuclear outflows. The quasars show no signs of having redder optical colours than the general ensemble of optically selected quasars, ruling out differences in line-of-sight dust within the host galaxies. We postulate that these objects may be caught in a special evolutionary phase, with unobscured, high black hole accretion rates and correspondingly strong nuclear outflows. The high FIR emission found in these objects is then either a result of star formation related to the outflow, or is due to dust within the host galaxy illuminated by the quasar. We are thus directly witnessing coincident small-scale nuclear processes and galaxy-wide activity, commonly invoked in galaxy simulations that rely on feedback from quasars to influence galaxy evolution

A roadmap to develop dementia research capacity and capability in Pakistan: a model for low- and middle-income countries

Objective To produce a strategic roadmap for supporting the development of dementia research in Pakistan. Background While global research strategies for dementia research already exist, none is tailored to the specific needs and challenges of low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) like Pakistan. Methods We undertook an iterative consensus process with lay and professional experts to develop a Theory of Change-based strategy for dementia research in Pakistan. This included Expert Reference Groups (ERGs), strategic planning techniques, a “research question” priority survey, and consultations with Key Opinion Leaders. Results We agreed on ten principles to guide dementia research in Pakistan, emphasizing pragmatic, resource sparing, real-world approaches to support people with dementia, both locally and internationally. Goals included capacity/capability building. Priority research topics included raising awareness and understanding of dementia, and improving quality of life. Conclusion This roadmap may be a model for other LMIC health ecosystems with emerging dementia research cultures

Herschel-ATLAS/GAMA: How does the far-IR luminosity function depend on galaxy group properties?

We use the Herschel Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey (H-ATLAS) Phase I data to study the conditional luminosity function of far-IR (250 μm) selected galaxies in optically selected galaxy groups from the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) spectroscopic survey, as well as environmental effects on the far-IR-to-optical colour. We applied two methods, which gave consistent results for the far-IR conditional luminosity functions. The direct matching method matches H-ATLAS sources to GAMA/SDSS (Sloan Digital Sky Survey) galaxies, then links the optical counterparts to GAMA groups. The stacking method counts the number of far-IR sources within the projected radii of GAMA groups, subtracting the local background. We investigated the dependence of the far-IR (250 μm) luminosity function on group mass in the range 1012 1012 h−1 M⊙. We also find that the far-IR-to-optical colours of H-ATLAS galaxies are independent of group mass over the range 1012 < Mh < 1014 h−1 M⊙ in the local Universe. We also compare our observational results with recent semi-analytical models, and find that none of these galaxy formation models can reproduce the conditional far-IR luminosity functions of galaxy groups

The QCD Phase Diagram at Nonzero Temperature, Baryon and Isospin Chemical Potentials in Random Matrix Theory

We introduce a random matrix model with the symmetries of QCD at finite temperature and chemical potentials for baryon number and isospin. We analyze the phase diagram of this model in the chemical potential plane for different temperatures and quark masses. We find a rich phase structure with five different phases separated by both first and second order lines. The phases are characterized by the pion condensate and the chiral condensate for each of the flavors. In agreement with lattice simulations, we find that in the phase with zero pion condensate the critical temperature depends in the same way on the baryon number chemical potential and on the isospin chemical potential. At nonzero quark mass, we remarkably find that the critical end point at nonzero temperature and baryon chemical potential is split in two by an arbitrarily small isospin chemical potential. As a consequence, there are two crossovers that separate the hadronic phase from the quark-gluon plasma phase at high temperature. Detailed analytical results are obtained at zero temperature and in the chiral limit.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, REVTeX

PREDICTING THE SUMMER TEMPERATURE OF SMALL STREAMS IN SOUTHWESTERN WISCONSIN 1

One of the biggest challenges in managing cold water streams in the Midwest is understanding how stream temperature is controlled by the complex interactions among meteorologic processes, channel geometry, and ground water inflow. Inflow of cold ground water, shade provided by riparian vegetation, and channel width are the most important factors controlling summer stream temperatures. A simple screening model was used to quantitatively evaluate the importance of these factors and guide management decisions. The model uses an analytical solution to the heat transport equation to predict steady-state temperature throughout a stream reach. The model matches field data from four streams in southwestern Wisconsin quite well (typically within 1°C) and helps explain the observed warming and cooling trends along each stream reach. The distribution of ground water inflow throughout a stream reach has an important influence on stream temperature, and springs are especially effective at providing thermal refuge for fish. Although simple, this model provides insight into the importance of ground water and the impact different management strategies, such as planting trees to increase shade, may have on summer stream temperature.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/74032/1/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03714.x.pd

The Designers Leap: Boundary Jumping to foster interdisciplinarity between Textile Design and Science

Creative thinking is an instinctive problem-solving process for designers however, designers alone cannot solve real-world problems. Collaboration between higher education and industry, and across design and science disciplines can create new paradigms of research to address societal and economic challenges. This paper argues from the perspective of fashion and textile designers, for design to be at the heart of the collaborative research process and advocates for co-design, speculative-design and scenario design to be considered as valid methodologies to foster interdisciplinarity. Perspectives on interdisciplinary partnerships across academic disciplines and with industry are typified by two very different reflections of collaborative projects between fashion designers, textile designers, scientists and industrial partners. The paper identifies commonalities and differences between scientists and designers, with particular relevance to textiles, in a bid to understand how they may collaborate more effectively in the context of interdisciplinary work, and the paper further identifies factors needed for establishing common enablers for engaging in co-design. This is an under-explored field and highlights the changing role of the designer, and as such is of value to researchers in textiles, fashion and product design

Herschel*-ATLAS: correlations between dust and gas in local submm-selected galaxies

We present an analysis of CO molecular gas tracers in a sample of 500 μ m-selected Herschel -ATLAS galaxies at z < 0 . 05 ( cz < 14990 km s − 1 ). Using 22 − 500 μ m photom- etry from WISE , IRAS and Herschel , with H i data from the literature, we investigate correlations between warm and cold dust, and tracers of the gas in different phases. The correlation between global CO(3–2) line fluxes and FIR–submm fl uxes weakens with increasing IR wavelength ( λ & 60 μ m), as a result of colder dust being less strongly associated with dense gas. Conversely, CO(2–1) and H i line fluxes both ap- pear to be better correlated with longer wavelengths, suggesting that cold dust is more strongly associated with diffuse atomic and molecular gas phases, co nsistent with it being at least partially heated by radiation from old stellar populations . The increased scatter at long wavelengths implies that sub-millimetre fluxes are a po orer tracer of SFR. Fluxes at 22 and 60 μ m are also better correlated with diffuse gas tracers than dense CO(3–2), probably due to very-small-grain emission in the diffu se interstellar medium, which is not correlated with SFR. The FIR/CO luminosity ratio a nd the dust mass/CO luminosity ratio both decrease with increasing luminosit y, as a result of either correlations between mass and metallicity (changing CO/H 2 ) or between CO luminosity and excitation [changing CO(3–2)/CO(1–0)].Web of Scienc