PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN KEUNTUNGAN DARI INVESTASI ANDA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VA PADA MATA PELAJARAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM DI SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 184 PEKANBARU

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh rendahnya hasil belajar siswa, khususnya pada mata pelajaran IPA. Perumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah penerapan pendekatan keuntungan dari investasi anda dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas V pada mata pelajaran ilmu pengetahuan alam di sekolah dasar negeri 184 Pekanbaru. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V tahun pelajaran 20132014 yang berjumlah 40 orang. Sedangkan objek penelitian ini adalah penerapan pendekatan keuntungan dari investasi anda. Adapun tempat penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilaksanakan di kelas Va SD Negeri 184 Pekanbaru. Adapun waktu penelitian ini bulan September – Januari 2014. Mata pelajaran yang diteliti adalah IPA. Agar penelitian tindakan kelas ini berhasil denganbaik tanpa hambatan yang mengganggu kelancaran penelitian, peneliti menyusun tahapan-tahapan yang dilalui dalam penelitian tindakan kelas ini, yaitu : 1) perencanaan/persiapan tindakan, 2) pelaksanaan tindakan, 3) Observasi dan 4) refleksi. Berhasilnya penerapan pendekatan keuntungan dari investasi anda pada mata pelajaran IPA, diketahui dari adanya peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dari siklus I ke siklus II. Pada siklus I hasil belajar siswa mencapai 65,375, pada siklus II hasil belajar meningkat menjadi 75,5. Keadaaan ini menunjukkan bahwa perbaikan pembelajaran pada mata pelajaran IPA dengan penerapan pendekatan keuntungan dari investasi anda dikatakan berhasil

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME THAI AROMATIC PLANTS AGAINST ORAL PATHOGENS INDUCING HALITOSIS

Objective: The objective of the present work is to analyze that the extracts of 25 Thai aromatic plants used in Thai food recipes were subjected to evaluated antimicrobial activity against Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus mutans which have been known as bacterial inducing halitosis.Methods: Disk diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) by broth microdilution were used to determine the antibacterial activity.Results: The results revealed that three plant extracts, namely Piper betle Linn., Eupatorium stoechadosmum Hance, and Alpinia galangal (L.) Wild can inhibit the growth of both halitosis inducing bacteria with strong activity. Among these, the extract of P. betle Linn. is the most effective in inhibiting both bacteria followed by E. stoechadosmum Hance and A. galangal (L.) Wild, respectively. The MIC (mg/ml) values of the extracts which can inhibit F. nucleatum were ranging from 1.56 to 12.50, and the MBCs (mg/ml) values were ranging from 3.125 to 25.00. In addition, the MICs and MBCs of the extracts which can inhibit S. mutans were found that 1.56–25.00 and 3.125–50.00, respectively.Conclusion: The extracts obtained from P. betle, A. galangal, and E. stoechadosmum displayed good activity against F. nucleatum and S. mutans and these extracts could be a potential source of new antimicrobial agents

Increasing the activity of immobilized enzymes with nanoparticle conjugation

The efficiency and selectivity of enzymatic catalysis is useful to a plethora of industrial and manufacturing processes. Many of these processes require the immobilization of enzymes onto surfaces, which has traditionally reduced enzyme activity. However, recent research has shown that the integration of nanoparticles into enzyme carrier schemes has maintained or even enhanced immobilized enzyme performance. The nanoparticle size and surface chemistry as well as the orientation and density of immobilized enzymes all contribute to the enhanced performance of enzyme–nanoparticle conjugates. These improvements are noted in specific nanoparticles including those comprising carbon (e.g., graphene and carbon nanotubes), metal/metal oxides and polymeric nanomaterials, as well as semiconductor nanocrystals or quantum dots.This is a manuscript of an article from Current Opinion in Biotechnology 34 (2015): 242, doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2015.04.005. </p

Chemical analysis of non-volatile flower oils and related bee nest cell linings

Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit sind Untersuchungen zur chemischen Zusammensetzung von nichtflüchtigen Blütenölen, insbesonde von ölsekretierenden Pflanzen der Familien Cucurbitaceae, Iridaceae, Malpighiaceae, Orchidaceae, Myrsinaceae and Scrophulariaceae. Die Hauptverbindungen der Blütenöle, die aus freien Fettsäuren, (3R)-Acetoxyfettsäuren, partiell acetylierten Dihydroxyfettsäuren sowie Mono-, Di- und Triacylglycerolen bestehen, wurden mittels ESI-FTICR-MS und GC/EI-MS analysiert. Die identifizierten Acylglycerole besitzen ein oder zwei Acetylreste und eine einfache langkettige Fettsäure oder eine Mono- oder Diacetoxyfettsäure (Oxidation an C-3 und/oder C-9). Die in verschiedenen Stadien (knospig, blühend und abgeblüht) gesammelten ölproduzierenden Blüten von Heteropterys chrysophylla (Malpighiaceae) wurden mittels Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie (TEM) untersucht. Die TEM-Aufnahmen zeigen deutlich, dass sowohl Zahl als auch Größe der Lipidtröpfchen während der Blütenentwicklung zunehmen. Während sich die großen Lipidtröpfchen vor allem in der Blühphase in der Umgebung der Mitochodrien befinden, konnten im abgeblühten Stadium nur noch wenige beobachtet werden. Basierend auf Untersuchungen mittels GC-EIMS, ESI-FTICR-MS and LC-ESI-MS/MS wurden im Bienennest Biotransformationsprodukte von Monoacylglyceriden aus Lysimachia punctata (Myrsinaceae), die durch weibliche Bienen der ölsammelnden solitären Spezies Macropis fulvipes (Melittidae) gebildet werden, analysiert. Diese neu gebildeten Verbindungen entstehen durch Umesterung eines Monoacylglycerols des Lysimachia Blütenöls mit einer weiteren 3-Hydroxyfettsäure. Neben der möglichen Bildung von 1,2- und 1,3-Diglycerolen konnte erstmals auch eine Veresterung über die 3-Hydroxygruppe des Fettsäureteils (Oligoesterbildung) nachgewiesen werden. In vitro Experimente mit L. punctata Öl, das mit Labialdrüsensekret von M. fulvipes behandelt ist, weisen neue Intermediate auf, die bereits die relevanten Strukturmerkmale der neu gebildeten Bienennestbestandteile aufweisen. Damit konnte erstmalig die Bedeutung der Labialdrüsensekrete für diese Biotransformationsprozesse bewiesen werden, was deren wichtige Rolle beim Nestbau von M.  fulvipes zeigt.The chemical constituents of non-volatile floral oils secreted by specialized flowers belonging to plants of the families Cucurbitaceae, Iridaceae, Malpighiaceae, Orchidaceae, Myrsinaceae and Scrophulariaceae were investigated by both ESI-FTICR-MS and GC/EI-MS techniques. These oils consist of fatty acids, (3R)-acetoxy fatty acids, partially acetylated dihydroxy fatty acids and mono-, di-, and triacylglycerols. The identified acylglycerols possess one or two acetyl residues and one long chain fatty acid, or a mono- or diacetoxy fatty acid (oxidation at C-3 and/or C-9). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations were performed to study the origin of the flower oils. The calyx gland of Heteropterys chrysophylla (Malpighiaceae) revealed large lipid droplets located around the mitochondria during the blooming stage, whereas only some small lipid droplets were present in the cytoplasm at the senescence stage. A chemical study dealing with the biotransformation of the oil constituents from Lysimachia punctata (Myrsinaceae) by solitary oil-collecting females of the bee Macropis fulvipes (Melittidae) in the course of the nest cell lining preparation was carried out with GC/EI-MS, ESI-FTICR-MS and LC-ESI-MS/MS techniques. New compounds were formed by hydrolysis and transesterification of the monoacylglycerols of the Lysimachia oil. Besides the possible formation of a 1,2-and/or 1,3-diglycerols, an oligoester formation with a coupling via the 3-hydroxy group of the 3-hydroxy fatty acid moiety could be shown. In vitro experiments of L. punctata oil treated with M. fulvipes labial gland secretion have revealed novel intermediate compounds. This establishes for the first time the role of the labial gland secretion of M.  fulvipes as a biocatalyst for the nest cell lining formation.von Kanchana Dumr