L’intégration socioprofessionnelle des usagers d’un service d’apprentissage d’habitudes de travail

Les programmes de réadaptation socioprofessionnelle offerts aux personnes présentant des troubles mentaux connaissent des succès mitigés. Une proportion substantielle de personnes n'arrivent pas, avec cette aide, à trouver ou à maintenir un emploi ; en outre, plusieurs quittent prématurément leur programme de réadaptation. Cette étude rétrospective tente d'identifier des variables associées au fait de compléter le programme, ou reliées au maintien d'une activité de travail en milieu régulier une fois le programme complété. La recherche est effectuée à partir des dossiers de 67 personnes inscrites à un service d'apprentissage d'habitudes de travail. L'étude montre que le fait d'en être à une première démarche de réadaptation socioprofessionnelle est associé au maintien des participants dans le programme d'apprentissage. Le temps passé dans le programme et le niveau de scolarité sont, d'autre part, reliés au succès de l'intégration. Les variables se rapportant aux diagnostics ne sont pas associées aux différentes trajectoires des personnes. Des suggestions pour orienter l'intervention sont proposées.Programs for the social and professional rehabilitation of people suffering from mental illiness are more or less successful. A substantial proportion of people cannot with this help, find or maintain a job; moreover many prematurely leave their rehabilitation program. This retrospective study attempts to identify variables associated to 1) the fact of completing the program and related to 2) maintaining a working activity in a regular environment, once the program is completed. The research is conducted with 67 people registered in an apprenticeship of working habilities program. The study shows that the fact of being in a first stage of socioprofessional rehabilitation is associated with participants staying in the program. The time spent in the program and the participants' level of education are also related to the success of integration. Variables regarding diagnosis are not associated to the different trajectories of the people. Suggestions to adjust intervention are proposed in this paper

Critérios de diagnóstico precoce da agenesia de terceiros molares : idades cronológica, dentária e esquelética

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas MonizObjetivo: Determinar critérios de idade cronológica, de idade dentária e de idade esquelética que permitam fazer o diagnóstico precoce da agenesia de terceiros molares. Materiais e Métodos: Foram selecionados 282 pacientes (122 rapazes e 160 raparigas) que procuraram tratamento ortodôntico entre o ano 2007 e o ano 2018 e que tinham nos seus registos uma radiografia panorâmica e uma telerradiografia de perfil realizadas antes dos 14 anos de idade, e um segundo registo de radiografia panorâmica, posterior aos 14 anos de idade. Para cada paciente, foram determinadas as idades cronológica, dentária e esquelética. A idade cronológica foi fixada em três intervalos entre os 11,0 e os 13,11 anos de idade. Em relação à idade dentária, foi utilizado como critério a erupção completa dos quatro segundos molares. A idade esquelética foi determinada através do método de maturação vertebral. O diagnóstico da agenesia de terceiros molares foi realizado inicialmente por observação visual da radiografia panorâmica inicial. Posteriormente, o diagnóstico da agenesia de terceiros molares foi confirmado recorrendo à segunda radiografia panorâmica obtida após os 14 anos, sendo realizada a associação da veracidade do diagnóstico com as idades cronológica, dentária e esquelética. Na análise estatística foi utilizado o teste Kappa e o teste Qui-Quadrado para um nível de significância p≤0,05. Resultados: Não se verificou associação estatisticamente significativa entre a idade cronológica e as alterações de diagnóstico da agenesia de terceiros molares. No entanto, a idade dentária e a idade esquelética revelaram associações estatisticamente significativas com as alterações de diagnóstico da agenesia de terceiros molares. Conclusão: A erupção dos quatro segundos molares e o pico de crescimento podem ser considerados como critérios para o diagnóstico precoce da agenesia de terceiros molares, enquanto que, a idade cronológica não é um critério fiável de diagnóstico da agenesia de terceiros molares.Objective: To determine criteria of chronological age, dental age and skeletal age that allows the diagnosis of third molar agenesis. Materials and Methods: A total of 282 patients (122 boys and 160 girls) who sought orthodontic treatment between the year 2007 and 2018, and had on their records a panoramic radiograph and a profile teleradiography performed before the age of 14, and a second register of panoramic radiography, after the age of 14 were selected. For each patient, the chronological, dental and skeletal ages were determined. Chronological age was set at three intervals between 11.0 and 13.11 years old. In relation to dental age, the complete eruption of the four second molars were used as criterion. Skeletal age was determined using the vertebral maturation method. The diagnosis of third molar agenesis was performed initially by visual observation of the initial panoramic radiograph. Subsequently, the diagnostic of third molar agenesis was confirmed using a second panoramic radiograph obtained after the age of 14, and the association of diagnostic accuracy with the chronological, dental and skeletal ages was performed. In the statistical analysis, the Kappa test was used and the Chi-squared test for p≤0,05. Results: There was no statistically significant association between chronological age and alterations in the diagnosis of third molar agenesis. However, dental age and skeletal age revealed statistically significant associations with alterations in the diagnosis of third molar agenesis. Conclusion: The eruption of the four second molars and the peak of growth can be considered as criteria for the early diagnosis of third molar agenesis, whereas chronological age is not a reliable diagnostic criteria for third molar agenesis

Avant-propos

Ce numéro de la revue Comptabilité(s) est la publication des actes du colloque « Histoire des villes à travers leur comptabilité à la fin du Moyen Âge », tenu les 14 et 15 juin 2017, à Montpellier. Le colloque avait été organisé en collaboration entre l’Université de Sherbrooke (Québec, Canada) et le Centre d’études médiévales de Montpellier, de l’Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 (France). Il se présentait comme l’un des aboutissements d’un projet développé par Geneviève Dumas (Université..

Intra-erythrocytic vacuoles in asplenic patients: elusive genesis and original clearance of unique organelles

The spleen plays a dual role of immune response and the filtration of red blood cells (RBC), the latter function being performed within the unique microcirculatory architecture of the red pulp. The red pulp filters and eliminates senescent and pathological RBC and can expell intra-erythrocytic rigid bodies through the so-called pitting mechanism. The loss of splenic function increases the risk of infections, thromboembolism, and hematological malignancies. However, current diagnostic tests such as quantification of Howell-Jolly Bodies and splenic scintigraphy lack sensitivity or are logistically demanding. Although not widely available in medical practice, the quantification of RBC containing vacuoles, i.e., pocked RBC, is a highly sensitive and specific marker for hyposplenism. The peripheral blood of hypo/asplenic individuals contains up to 80% RBC with vacuoles, whereas these pocked RBC account for less than 4% of RBC in healthy subjects. Despite their value as a spleen function test, intraerythrocytic vacuoles have received relatively limited attention so far, and little is known about their origin, content, and clearance. We provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding possible origins and mechanisms of elimination, as well as the potential function of these unique and original organelles observed in otherwise “empty” mature RBC. We highlight the need for further research on pocked RBC, particularly regarding their potential function and specific markers for easy counting and sorting, which are prerequisites for functional studies and wider application in medical practice

Acromegaly, Mr Punch and caricature.

The origin of Mr Punch from the Italian Pulcinella of the Commedia dell'arte is well known but his feature, large hooked nose, protruding chin, kyphosis and sternal protrusion all in an exaggerated form also suggest the caricature of an acromegalic. This paper looks at the physical characteristics of acromegaly, the origin of Mr Punch and the development of caricature linking them together in the acromegalic caricature that now has a life of its own

Influence of root and leaf traits on the uptake of nutrients in cover crops

Aims: Cover crops play an important role in soil fertility as they can accumulate large amounts of nutrients. This study aimed at understanding the nutrient uptake capacity of a wide range of cover crops and at assessing the relevance of acquisition strategies. Methods: A field experiment was conducted to characterize 20 species in terms of leaf and root traits. Plant traits were related to nutrient concentration and shoot biomass production with a redundancy analysis. Acquisition strategies were identified using a cluster analysis. Results: Root systems varied greatly among cover crop species. Five nutrient acquisition strategies were delineated. Significant amounts of nutrients (about 120 kg ha−1 of nitrogen, 30 kg ha−1 of phosphorus and 190 kg ha−1 of potassium) were accumulated by the species in a short period. Nutrient acquisition strategies related to high accumulations of nutrients consisted in either high shoot biomass and root mass and dense tissues, or high nutrient concentrations and root length densities. Species with high root length densities showed lower C/N ratios. Conclusions: The same amounts of nutrients were accumulated by groups with different acquisition strategies. However, their nutrient concentrations offer different perspectives in terms of nutrient release for the subsequent crop and nutrient cycling improvement

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049