Violences sexuelles en milieu universitaire au Québec : rapport de recherche de l’enquête ESSIMU

Cette recherche, intitulée « Enquête Sexualité, Sécurité et Interactions en Milieu Universitaire(ESSIMU) : Ce qu’en disent étudiant.es, enseignant.es et employé.es », a permis d’établir un portrait des violences sexuelles se déroulant en contexte universitaire au Québec. Cette enquête d’envergure provinciale regroupe 12 chercheures provenant des 6 universités suivantes : Université du Québec à Montréal, Université de Montréal, Université Laval, Université de Sherbrooke, Université du Québec en Outaouais et Université du Québec à Chicoutimi. L’équipe interdisciplinaire et interuniversitaire compte également le Regroupement québécois des centres d’aide et de lutte contre les agressions à caractère sexuel et le Service aux collectivités de l’UQAM. Afin de documenter les situations de violence sexuelle vécues en milieu universitaire (VSMU), l’équipe ESSIMU a réalisé en 2016 une vaste étude auprès de 9 284 répondant.es dans 6 universités québécoises francophones. Le questionnaire, administré en ligne, a permis de rendre compte d’un large éventail de manifestations de violence sexuelle vécues par l’ensemble de la communauté universitaire (étudiant ou travaillant à l’université). La mesure de victimisation distinguait le harcèlement sexuel (comportements verbaux et non verbaux qui traduisent des attitudes insultantes, hostiles et dégradantes), les comportements sexuels non désirés (comportements verbaux et non verbaux à caractère sexuel, offensants, non désirés ou non réciproques, incluant la tentative de viol et l’agression sexuelle) et la coercition sexuelle (chantage en retour de récompenses)

Spatial analysis of the glioblastoma proteome reveals specific molecular signatures and markers of survival

Molecular heterogeneity is a key feature of glioblastoma that impedes patient stratification and leads to large discrepancies in mean patient survival. Here, we analyze a cohort of 96 glioblastoma patients with survival ranging from a few months to over 4 years. 46 tumors are analyzed by mass spectrometry-based spatially-resolved proteomics guided by mass spectrometry imaging. Integration of protein expression and clinical information highlights three molecular groups associated with immune, neurogenesis, and tumorigenesis signatures with high intra-tumoral heterogeneity. Furthermore, a set of proteins originating from reference and alternative ORFs is found to be statistically significant based on patient survival times. Among these proteins, a 5-protein signature is associated with survival. The expression of these 5 proteins is validated by immunofluorescence on an additional cohort of 50 patients. Overall, our work characterizes distinct molecular regions within glioblastoma tissues based on protein expression, which may help guide glioblastoma prognosis and improve current glioblastoma classification

Prevalence of mental disorders in French prisons for men

BACKGROUND: Psychiatric surveys conducted in prison populations find high prevalence rates, but diagnoses may be difficult in this particular context. None of these surveys have been conducted in France. METHODS: 800 incarcerated male were sampled at random. Each prisoner was interviewed by a group of 2 clinicians, at least one of them being a senior psychiatrist. One of the clinicians used a structured clinical interview which generated DSM IV diagnosis (MINI plus); the second completed the procedure with an open clinical interview. RESULTS: Prevalence rates for a diagnosis given independently by both clinicians and for a consensual diagnosis were respectively: 3.8% (6.2%) for schizophrenia, 17.9% (24%) for major depressive disorder, 12.0% (17.7%) for generalized anxiety and 10.8% (14.6%) for drug dependence. CONCLUSION: Psychiatric diagnosis can be difficult to interpret in prison, especially using traditional standardized interviews. The approach proposed here, with good reliability and closer to a day-to-day clinical practice, yields high prevalence rates

Prevalence and factors associated with alcohol and drug-related disorders in prison: a French national study

BACKGROUND: Most studies measuring substance-use disorders in prisons focus on incoming or on remand prisoners and are generally restricted to drugs. However, there is evidence that substance use initiation or continuation occurs in prison, and that alcohol use is common. The aim of this study is 1) to assess prevalence of both drug and alcohol abuse and dependence (DAD/AAD) in a national randomised cohort of French prisoners, short or long-term sentence 2) to assess the risk factors associated with DAD/AAD in prison. a stratified random strategy was used to select 1) 23 prisons among the different types of prison 2) 998 prisoners. Diagnoses were assessed according to a standardized procedure, each prisoner being assessed by two psychiatrists, one junior, using a structured interview (MINI 5 plus), and one senior, completing the procedure with an open clinical interview. At the end of the interview the clinicians met and agreed on a list of diagnoses. Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was also used. RESULTS: More than a third of prisoners presented either AAD or DAD in the last 12 months. Cannabis was the most frequent drug and just under a fifth of prisoners had AAD. AAD and DAD were clearly different for the following: socio-demographic variables, childhood history, imprisonment characteristics, psychiatric comorbidity and Cloninger's TCI. Profiles of AAD in prison are similar to type II alcoholism. CONCLUSION: Regular screening of AAD/DAD in prison, and specific treatment programmes taking into account differences between prisoners with an AAD and prisoners with a DAD should be a public health priority in priso

Activation of MEK1 or MEK2 isoform is sufficient to fully transform intestinal epithelial cells and induce the formation of metastatic tumors

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Ras-dependent ERK1/2 MAP kinase signaling pathway plays a central role in cell proliferation control and is frequently activated in human colorectal cancer. Small-molecule inhibitors of MEK1/MEK2 are therefore viewed as attractive drug candidates for the targeted therapy of this malignancy. However, the exact contribution of MEK1 and MEK2 to the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer remains to be established.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Wild type and constitutively active forms of MEK1 and MEK2 were ectopically expressed by retroviral gene transfer in the normal intestinal epithelial cell line IEC-6. We studied the impact of MEK1 and MEK2 activation on cellular morphology, cell proliferation, survival, migration, invasiveness, and tumorigenesis in mice. RNA interference was used to test the requirement for MEK1 and MEK2 function in maintaining the proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found that expression of activated MEK1 or MEK2 is sufficient to morphologically transform intestinal epithelial cells, dysregulate cell proliferation and induce the formation of high-grade adenocarcinomas after orthotopic transplantation in mice. A large proportion of these intestinal tumors metastasize to the liver and lung. Mechanistically, activation of MEK1 or MEK2 up-regulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinases, promotes invasiveness and protects cells from undergoing anoikis. Importantly, we show that silencing of MEK2 expression completely suppresses the proliferation of human colon carcinoma cell lines, whereas inactivation of MEK1 has a much weaker effect.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>MEK1 and MEK2 isoforms have similar transforming properties and are able to induce the formation of metastatic intestinal tumors in mice. Our results suggest that MEK2 plays a more important role than MEK1 in sustaining the proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells.</p

Substances critiques : Quel potentiel en France et en Europe ?

International audienceLa crise sanitaire et économique a accentué et renforcé le constat de la dépendance de la France et de l'Europe aux importations de matières premières. Une réflexion sur le mode de gestion des ressources et la réappropriation de la production de matières premières sur le territoire européen et national s'impose. Il est déterminant de savoir quelles substances sont les plus critiques. Comment les trouver sur notre territoire? Quelles habitudes peuvent être changées

Validation of the MORET 5 Monte Carlo Transport Code on Reactor Physics Experiments

International audienceThe MORET 5 code, which has been developed over more than 50 years at IRSN, has recently evolved, in its continuous energy version, from a criticality oriented code to a code also focused on reactor physics applications. Some developments such as the implementation of kinetics parameters contribute to that evolution. The aim of the paper is to present the validation of the code for the keff multiplication factor used in criticality studies as well as for other parameters commonly used in reactor physics applications. Special attention will be paid on commission tests performed in the CABRI French Reactor (CABRI is a pool-type research reactor operated by CEA and located in the Cadarache site in southern France used to simulate a sudden and instantaneous increase in power, known as a power transient, typical of a reactivity-initiated accident (RIA).) and the IPEN/MB-01 LCT-077 benchmark

Le tourisme dans le Monde

Une approche plurielle. Un ensemble interactif. Renvois multiples, complémentarité des développements. Une instrumentation pratique. Un index hiérarchisé, des clés et repères permettant une maîtrise immédiate des notions, des documents illustrant les enjeux. Une problématique soutenue. Le tourisme est devenu une activité humaine et économique majeure à l'aube du XXIe siècle. L'analyse d'un certain nombre de situations et la connaissance des dynamiques récentes permettront d'en saisir l'ampleur, le sens et les effets sur les lieux et les sociétés. Un outil didactique et préparatoire Un cours structuré regroupant l'essentiel des savoirs. Des mises au point synthétiques sur des questions clés ou des sujets controversés. Une liste sélective des sujets proposés ou susceptibles de l'être : annales choisies, propositions de thèmes nouveaux. Des plans détaillés, problématiques, organisation des acquis. Les références bibliographiques essentielles. Renvois à la bibliographie fondamentale, citation des ouvrages récents.</p

Le tourisme dans le Monde

Une approche plurielle. Un ensemble interactif. Renvois multiples, complémentarité des développements. Une instrumentation pratique. Un index hiérarchisé, des clés et repères permettant une maîtrise immédiate des notions, des documents illustrant les enjeux. Une problématique soutenue. Le tourisme est devenu une activité humaine et économique majeure à l'aube du XXIe siècle. L'analyse d'un certain nombre de situations et la connaissance des dynamiques récentes permettront d'en saisir l'ampleur, le sens et les effets sur les lieux et les sociétés. Un outil didactique et préparatoire Un cours structuré regroupant l'essentiel des savoirs. Des mises au point synthétiques sur des questions clés ou des sujets controversés. Une liste sélective des sujets proposés ou susceptibles de l'être : annales choisies, propositions de thèmes nouveaux. Des plans détaillés, problématiques, organisation des acquis. Les références bibliographiques essentielles. Renvois à la bibliographie fondamentale, citation des ouvrages récents.</p