10 research outputs found

    Image - discours et discours sur l’image

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    Dans les années soixante on nous parlait beaucoup du « professeur et des images ». Davantage du professeur, du reste, que des images. L'image déferlait sur nous, la télévision se démocratisait et nous nous demandions ce que l'on allait pouvoir en faire, avec une double inquiétude ainsi résumée : si nous n'introduisons pas ces moyens « modernes » dans notre enseignement, on va nous prendre pour des enseignants d'un autre ùge ; si nous plaçons des circuits fermés partout, nous allons devenir de..

    Une expĂ©rience : chorĂšmes et modĂšles Ă  l’école Ă©lĂ©mentaire

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    Within a current pedagogical experiment young pupils are made familiar with choremes and graphic models. Studies of urban space and of town are resourceful since the main characteristic elements can easily be identified.Les jeunes Ă©lĂšves, selon une expĂ©rience pĂ©dagogique en cours, utilisent facilement chorĂšmes et modĂšles graphiques. L’étude du paysage urbain et de la ville est particuliĂšrement riche, et l’essentiel sur chacune d’elles peut s’exprimer sans grandes difficultĂ©s.Segun una experiencia pedagĂłgica en curso, los jĂłvenes alumnos utilizan fĂĄcilmente coremas y mode-los grĂĄficos. El estudio del paisaje urbano y de la ciudad resulta particularmente fecundo, y lo esencial de ambos anĂĄlisis puede expresarse sin grandes dificultades.Clary Maryse, Dufau Guy, Durand Raoul, Ferras Robert. Une expĂ©rience : chorĂšmes et modĂšles Ă  l’école Ă©lĂ©mentaire . In: Mappemonde, 1986/4. pp. 7-11

    AprÚs la leçon de Christophe Cauquil

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    Guy Dufau Si j'Ă©tais dans l'exercice normal de mon mĂ©tier (ce qui n'est, et de trĂšs loin pas le cas) je dirais... Avant de dire je voudrais remercier chaudement Christophe Cauquil d'avoir acceptĂ© de se prĂȘter Ă  cet exercice qui ne correspond pas tout Ă  fait Ă  ce qu'il fait habituellement. J'aurais donc dit : On est ici dans le droit fil des programmes. Au CM2 (Cours Moyen deuxiĂšme annĂ©e) on aborde l'Ă©tude de la rĂ©gion oĂč l'Ă©lĂšve vit et sa place dans la France. On est ici dans le droit fil des..

    Suite de la discussion sur la peine de mort, lors de la séance du 1er juin 1791

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    Le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau Louis-Michel, Garat Dominique (Aßné), BarrÚre de Vieuzac Bertrand, Custine Adam-Philippe, comte de, Legrand Jérome, Dufau Antoine, Bureaux de Pusy Jean-Xavier, Aubergeon de Murinais Guy Joseph d', Briois de Beaumetz Bon-Albert, Lavie Marc Antoine, Thévenot de Maroise Jean-Baptiste, Lameth Charles Malo, comte de, LachÚze Murel Pierre Joseph de, Duquesnoy Adrien, Madier de Montjau Noel Joseph. Suite de la discussion sur la peine de mort, lors de la séance du 1er juin 1791. In: Archives Parlementaires de 1787 à 1860 - PremiÚre série (1787-1799) Tome XXVI - Du 12 mai au 5 juin 1791. Paris : Librairie Administrative P. Dupont, 1887. pp. 685-689

    Suite de la discussion sur la peine de mort, lors de la séance du 1er juin 1791

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    Le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau Louis-Michel, Garat Dominique (Aßné), BarrÚre de Vieuzac Bertrand, Custine Adam-Philippe, comte de, Legrand Jérome, Dufau Antoine, Bureaux de Pusy Jean-Xavier, Aubergeon de Murinais Guy Joseph d', Briois de Beaumetz Bon-Albert, Lavie Marc Antoine, Thévenot de Maroise Jean-Baptiste, Lameth Charles Malo, comte de, LachÚze Murel Pierre Joseph de, Duquesnoy Adrien, Madier de Montjau Noel Joseph. Suite de la discussion sur la peine de mort, lors de la séance du 1er juin 1791. In: Archives Parlementaires de 1787 à 1860 - PremiÚre série (1787-1799) Tome XXVI - Du 12 mai au 5 juin 1791. Paris : Librairie Administrative P. Dupont, 1887. pp. 685-689

    Requirements for a Coastal Hazards Observing System

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    International audienceCoastal zones are highly dynamical systems affected by a variety of natural and anthropogenic forcing factors that include sea level rise, extreme events, local oceanic and atmospheric processes, ground subsidence, etc. However, so far, they remain poorly monitored on a global scale. To better understand changes affecting world coastal zones and to provide crucial information to decision-makers involved in adaptation to and mitigation of environmental risks, coastal observations of various types need to be collected and analyzed. In this white paper, we first discuss the main forcing agents acting on coastal regions (e.g., sea level, winds, waves and currents, river runoff, sediment supply and transport, vertical land motions, land use) and the induced coastal response (e.g., shoreline position, estuaries morphology, land topography at the land-sea interface and coastal bathymetry). We identify a number of space-based observational needs that have to be addressed in the near future to understand coastal zone evolution. Among these, improved monitoring of coastal sea level by satellite altimetry techniques is recognized as high priority. Classical altimeter data in the coastal zone are adversely affected by land contamination with degraded range and geophysical corrections. However, recent progress in coastal altimetry data processing and multisensor data synergy, offers new perspective to measure sea level change very close to the coast. This issue is discussed in much detail in this paper, including the development of a global coastal sea-level and sea state climate record with mission consistent coastal processing and products dedicated to coastal regimes. Finally, we present a new promising technology based on the use of Signals of Opportunity (SoOp), i.e., communication satellite transmissions that are reutilized as illumination sources in a bistatic radar configuration, for measuring coastal sea level. Since SoOp technology requires only receiver technology to be placed in orbit, small satellite platforms could be used, enabling a constellation to achieve high spatio-temporal resolutions of sea level in coastal zones

    Rare predicted loss-of-function variants of type I IFN immunity genes are associated with life-threatening COVID-19

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    BackgroundWe previously reported that impaired type I IFN activity, due to inborn errors of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I interferon (IFN) immunity or to autoantibodies against type I IFN, account for 15-20% of cases of life-threatening COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients. Therefore, the determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 remain to be identified in similar to 80% of cases.MethodsWe report here a genome-wide rare variant burden association analysis in 3269 unvaccinated patients with life-threatening COVID-19, and 1373 unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals without pneumonia. Among the 928 patients tested for autoantibodies against type I IFN, a quarter (234) were positive and were excluded.ResultsNo gene reached genome-wide significance. Under a recessive model, the most significant gene with at-risk variants was TLR7, with an OR of 27.68 (95%CI 1.5-528.7, P=1.1x10(-4)) for biochemically loss-of-function (bLOF) variants. We replicated the enrichment in rare predicted LOF (pLOF) variants at 13 influenza susceptibility loci involved in TLR3-dependent type I IFN immunity (OR=3.70[95%CI 1.3-8.2], P=2.1x10(-4)). This enrichment was further strengthened by (1) adding the recently reported TYK2 and TLR7 COVID-19 loci, particularly under a recessive model (OR=19.65[95%CI 2.1-2635.4], P=3.4x10(-3)), and (2) considering as pLOF branchpoint variants with potentially strong impacts on splicing among the 15 loci (OR=4.40[9%CI 2.3-8.4], P=7.7x10(-8)). Finally, the patients with pLOF/bLOF variants at these 15 loci were significantly younger (mean age [SD]=43.3 [20.3] years) than the other patients (56.0 [17.3] years; P=1.68x10(-5)).ConclusionsRare variants of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I IFN immunity genes can underlie life-threatening COVID-19, particularly with recessive inheritance, in patients under 60 years old
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