5,827 research outputs found
A Note on the Linear Flow of a Viscous Incompressible Conducting Fluid Past an Infinite Flat Plate with Constant Suction in the Presence of a Transverse Magnetic Field
Analytical solution has been obtained for the momentum Equations of the linear flow of a viscous in compressible electrically conducting fluid past an infinite porous flat plate in the presence of a transverse magnetic field when the suction velocity normal to the plate is constant. It is observed that the velocity in the boundary layer increases with the increase of the intensity of the magnetic field
Effect of Planned Early Recommended Ambulation Technique on Selected Post caesarean Biophysiological Health Parameters
Background: Caesarean section has been a part of
human culture since ancient times. It has been used
effectively throughout the 20th century and among the
major abdominal surgeries, it is the most common, oldest
worldwide surgery performed in obstetrics. Despite
the life saving advantages, there are several adverse
consequences of caesarean delivery for a woman and
to her household. The rate and risk of these complications
increases due to the increasing incidence mainly
in countries like India. The role of nurse midwife is to
act in the best interest of patient and newborn and make
the patient independent in carrying out the activities of
daily living as soon as possible. This can lead to a faster
recovery and shorter hospital stay. Also it can indirectly
help in reducing the complications associated with prolonged
bed rest and can improve the maternal newborn
bonding. Aim and Objectives: The present study
was done to evaluate the effect of planned early
ambulation on selected biophysiological health parameters
of post caesarean patients. Material and Methods:
The study included total 500 study subjects, 250
in experimental and 250 in control group. Quasi experimental
approach with multiple time series design
was adopted for the study. The experimental group was
given an early planned recommended ambulation technique
starting from the day of surgery. This consisted
of deep breathing exercise, cough exercise, leg exercise
and early mobilization. Over and above, the routine
general health care was given by the doctors and
nurses. The control group received only by routine general
care by doctors and nurses and mobilization on
third post operative day as per strategy adopted by the
hospital. The deep breathing exercises, coughing exercises
and leg exercises were not given routinely and
hence were not given to the control group. Post caesarean
biophysiological parameters chart was used to
assess the selected parameters for first five post operative
days. Result: The significant findings of the
study were that there was a significant difference in
the proportions of normal observations of selected
biophysiological health parameters like incisional pain,
condition of breast, condition of abdomen and peristaltic
movements of experimental group as compared to
that of control group. All these parameters improved
significant during first five post caesarean days at 0.05
level of significance. Thus the alternative hypothesis
was accepted and null hypothesis was rejected. From
the present study it could be concluded that the early
planned ambulation is an effective strategy for post
operative management of caesarean patient. It can help
in avoiding morbidity and can enhance the early recovery
of the patient
Hospital and community isolates of uropathogens at a tertiary hospital in South Africa
Aim. To investigate the profile of common uropathogensisolated from urine specimens submitted to the diagnostic microbiology laboratory at a tertiary teaching hospital and assess their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns to commonly used antimicrobial agents.Methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of laboratoryreports for all urine specimens submitted for investigations over a 1-year period. Isolates were tested by means of the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method for susceptibility to amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, co-trimoxazole and nitrofurantoin, and for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production.Results. Out of the total specimens (N=2 203) received over the 1-year study period, 51.1% (1 126) of the urine samples were culture-positive, the majority (65.4%) having come from females. The most common isolate was Escherichia coli (39.0%) followed by Klebsiella species (20.8%) and Enterococcus faecalis (8.2%). The ram-negative isolates displayed a very high level of resistance to amoxicillin (range 43 - 100%) and co-trimoxazole (range 29 - 90%), whereas resistance to gentamicin (range 0 - 50%) and ciprofloxacin (range 0 - 33%)was lower. E. coli isolates were susceptible to nitrofurantoin (94%), and ESBL production was significantly higher (p=0.01) in the hospital isolates, compared with those from the community referral sites.Conclusions. The culture-positive rate for uropathogens washigh, with a greater incidence among females. E. coli was the most common aetiological agent identified, and remained susceptible to nitrofurantoin. Resistance levels to amoxicillin and co-trimoxazole were very high for all Gram-negative isolates, and it is recommended that these antibiotics should not be used for the empiric treatment of urinary tract infections
A Brief Review of the Medicinally Important Indole Derivatives
Indole is an exceptional heterocyclic molecule with a broad spectrum of pharmacological activity owing to various modes of action. It is also a versatile pharmacophore and a favored scaffold. For drug development, it is an excellent moiety whose only characteristic is that it resembles many protein structures. Plenty of research has been taking place in recent years to synthesize and explore the various therapeutic prospective of this moiety. This review summarizes some of the recent effective chemical synthesis (2014-2018) for indole ring. Some of the most recent efficient chemical synthesis for the indole ring (from 2014 to 2018) is compiled in this review. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) was also given a lot of weight in this review in order to pinpoint the active pharmacophores of different indole analogues that have been the subject of studies for the past five years and are responsible for a variety of effects, including antiviral, antitubercular, anticancer, and anticonvulsant ones. The goals and framework of every research issue are explained in detail to help medicinal chemists have a deeper understanding of the circumstances contextually. Researchers will undoubtedly use this review as a platform to strategically design a variety of novel indole derivatives with lower toxicity and side effects and a range of intriguing pharmacological activit
Smart automotive technology adherence to the law: (de)constructing road rules for autonomous system development, verification and safety
Driving is an intuitive task that requires skill, constant alertness and vigilance for unexpected events. The driving task also requires long concentration spans, focusing on the entire task for prolonged periods, and sophisticated negotiation skills with other road users including wild animals. Modern motor vehicles include an array of smart assistive and autonomous driving systems capable of subsuming some, most, or in limited cases, all of the driving task. Building these smart automotive systems requires software developers with highly technical software engineering skills, and now a lawyer’s in-depth knowledge of traffic legislation as well. This article presents an approach for deconstructing the complicated legalese of traffic law and representing its requirements and flow. Our approach (de)constructs road rules in legal terminology and specifies them in ‘structured English logic’ that is expressed as ‘Boolean logic’ for automation and ‘Lawmaps’ for visualization. We demonstrate an example using these tools leading to the construction and validation of a ‘Bayesian Network model’. We strongly believe these tools to be approachable by programmers and the general public, useful in development of Artificial Intelligence to underpin motor vehicle smart systems, and in validation to ensure these systems are considerate of the law when making decisions.fals
Cardiorespiratory and Neuromuscular Effects of Freshwater Cyanophyte Anabena flosaquae in Rats
Anatoxin-a, recognised as a potent toxin warfare agent, is considered as a weapon of mass destruction due to its lethal anticholinesterase activity. The intravenous administration of cell-free extract of Anabena flosaquae UTEX-2383(anatoxin-a) produced a transient vasodepressor response followed by a sustained rise in blood pressure. The vasodepressor effect was potentiated by physostigmine and antagonised by atropine and bilateral vagotomy, suggesting the involvement of cholinergic system. On the contrary, the vasopressor response was antagonised by hexamethonium prazosin and hemicholinium-3, indicating that the toxin stimulates the sympathetic system through the release of catecholamines from nerve endings. Prolonged apnoea with attendant bronchoconstriction was observed corresponding to bradycardia and vasppressor response which remained unaltered by atropine while antagonised by bilateral vagotomy. The extract when administered intra-arterially did not modify the apnoea induced by veratridine; but phenyldiguanide potentiated the bronchoconstriction, indicating the involvement of pulmonary vagal afferents. The extract produced a dose- and time-dependent blockade of indirect muscle twitch recorded from gastrocnemius muscle. The neuromuscular blockade was potentiated by neostigmine but unaltered by DTC
A prospective randomised open labelled comparative study of anti inflammatory effects of topical 5% benzoyl peroxide gel vs topical 4% nicotinamide gel for grade I-II acne in a tertiary care hospital
Background: Acne vulgaris is a dermatological disorder characterised by formation of comedones and inflammatory lesions. The treatment of acne basically involves reduction of lesions. Benzoyl peroxide, in concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 20%, has been used effectively in the treatment of acne for more than 20 years. Nicotinamide/ Niacinamide is a newly-approved anti-acne drug with a potent anti-inflammatory effect. The present study assessed the efficacy of 5% Benzoyl peroxide gel in comparison to 4% Nicotinamide gel for topical treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris.Methods: In this study, the patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris with inflammation were divided into two groups, group I was treated with topical 5% Benzoyl peroxide gel whereas topical Nicotinamide gel was given to the group II. Assessment of efficacy was done by total lesion counting according acne global severity index, the results were compared at the end of 2 weeks and 4 weeks with the baseline values.Results: At the end of this study, it was found that the reduction of inflammatory and total percentage of decrease in counts of lesions from baseline were highly significant in both the groups (p<0.001), between the groups, differences were statistically significant (p<0.001), therefore 5% Benzoyl peroxide gel has better efficacy than 4% Nicotinamide gel.Conclusions: Benzoyl peroxide is more efficacious than 4 % Nicotinamide gel in mild to moderate acne
Taking up the cudgels against gay rights? Trends and trajectories in African Christian theologies on homosexuality
Against the background of the HIV epidemic and the intense public controversy on homosexuality in African societies, this article investigates the discourses of academic African Christian theologians on homosexuality. Distinguishing some major strands in African theology, that is, inculturation, liberation, women’s and reconstruction theology, the article examines how the central concepts of culture, liberation, justice, and human rights function in these discourses. On the basis of a qualitative analysis of a large number of publications, the article shows that stances of African theologians are varying from silence and rejection to acceptance. Although many African theologians have taken up the cudgels against gay rights, some “dissident voices” break the taboo and develop more inclusive concepts of African identity and African Christianity
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