A wireless sEMG-based body-machine interface for assistive technology devices

Assistive technology (AT) tools and appliances are being more and more widely used and developed worldwide to improve the autonomy of people living with disabilities and ease the interaction with their environment. This paper describes an intuitive and wireless surface electromyography (sEMG) based body-machine interface for AT tools. Spinal cord injuries at C5-C8 levels affect patients' arms, forearms, hands, and fingers control. Thus, using classical AT control interfaces (keypads, joysticks, etc.) is often difficult or impossible. The proposed system reads the AT users' residual functional capacities through their sEMG activity, and converts them into appropriate commands using a threshold-based control algorithm. It has proven to be suitable as a control alternative for assistive devices and has been tested with the JACO arm, an articulated assistive device of which the vocation is to help people living with upper-body disabilities in their daily life activities. The wireless prototype, the architecture of which is based on a 3-channel sEMG measurement system and a 915-MHz wireless transceiver built around a low-power microcontroller, uses low-cost off-the-shelf commercial components. The embedded controller is compared with JACO's regular joystick-based interface, using combinations of forearm, pectoral, masseter, and trapeze muscles. The measured index of performance values is 0.88, 0.51, and 0.41 bits/s, respectively, for correlation coefficients with the Fitt's model of 0.75, 0.85, and 0.67. These results demonstrate that the proposed controller offers an attractive alternative to conventional interfaces, such as joystick devices, for upper-body disabled people using ATs such as JACO

Genetic Evidence Supporting the Association of Protease and Protease Inhibitor Genes with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review

As part of the European research consortium IBDase, we addressed the role of proteases and protease inhibitors (P/PIs) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by chronic mucosal inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, which affects 2.2 million people in Europe and 1.4 million people in North America. We systematically reviewed all published genetic studies on populations of European ancestry (67 studies on Crohn's disease [CD] and 37 studies on ulcerative colitis [UC]) to identify critical genomic regions associated with IBD. We developed a computer algorithm to map the 807 P/PI genes with exact genomic locations listed in the MEROPS database of peptidases onto these critical regions and to rank P/PI genes according to the accumulated evidence for their association with CD and UC. 82 P/PI genes (75 coding for proteases and 7 coding for protease inhibitors) were retained for CD based on the accumulated evidence. The cylindromatosis/turban tumor syndrome gene (CYLD) on chromosome 16 ranked highest, followed by acylaminoacyl-peptidase (APEH), dystroglycan (DAG1), macrophage-stimulating protein (MST1) and ubiquitin-specific peptidase 4 (USP4), all located on chromosome 3. For UC, 18 P/PI genes were retained (14 proteases and 4protease inhibitors), with a considerably lower amount of accumulated evidence. The ranking of P/PI genes as established in this systematic review is currently used to guide validation studies of candidate P/PI genes, and their functional characterization in interdisciplinary mechanistic studies in vitro and in vivo as part of IBDase. The approach used here overcomes some of the problems encountered when subjectively selecting genes for further evaluation and could be applied to any complex disease and gene family

Customer emotions in service failure and recovery encounters

Emotions play a significant role in the workplace, and considerable attention has been given to the study of employee emotions. Customers also play a central function in organizations, but much less is known about customer emotions. This chapter reviews the growing literature on customer emotions in employee–customer interfaces with a focus on service failure and recovery encounters, where emotions are heightened. It highlights emerging themes and key findings, addresses the measurement, modeling, and management of customer emotions, and identifies future research streams. Attention is given to emotional contagion, relationships between affective and cognitive processes, customer anger, customer rage, and individual differences

Étude de la structure des protéines de soie d'araignée par spectroscopie de vibration

Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2011-2012Le fil de soie d'araignée est un matériau structural ayant des propriétés mécaniques de résistance et d'endurance exceptionnelles. Récemment, Nexia Biotechnologies Inc. a réussi à produire en grande quantité les deux protéines recombinantes (MaSpI et MaSpII) qui composent la soie d'araignée. Un défi important est de pouvoir convertir ces protéines en biomatériaux ayant les propriétés mécaniques désirées, ces dernières étant fortement dépendantes du processus de filage. In vivo, le filage de la soie implique le passage d'une solution protéique concentrée contenue dans la glande à travers une filière conduisant à une fibre insoluble. La conformation des protéines dans la glande serait déterminante pour l'optimisation de ce processus. Dans la première partie de notre projet, nous avons étudié pour la première fois la conformation des protéines de soie d'araignée in situ à l'intérieur de la glande ampullacée majeure ainsi que des deux protéines recombinantes en solution. À cette fin, nous avons utilisé des techniques sensibles à la conformation des protéines comme la spectromicroscopie Raman, la spectroscopie infrarouge et le dichroïsme circulaire vibrationnel (VCD). Les données obtenues par VCD montrent la présence d'hélices 3₁ gauche de type polyproline II (PPH), d'hélices a et de structures désordonnées. La présence de PPII pourrait influencer fortement le processus de filage. En effet, les angles dièdres de la structure PPII et des feuillets, p étant proches, la transition d'un état à l'autre nécessiterait peu d'énergie. La caractérisation des propriétés d'auto-assemblage des protéines recombinantes a également été effectuée. Ces résultats devraient conduire à une meilleure compréhension des paramètres qui gouvernent le processus de filage naturel des protéines de soie. Dans la deuxième partie du projet, nous avons étudié par spectromicroscopie Raman la conformation et l'orientation des protéines de soie dans différents types de fibres produites de l'araignée Araneus diadematus. Les résultats obtenus nous ont permis d'établir des corrélations entre la structure de la soie et les propriétés mécaniques des fibres