"DOCENTE-NANO”: UNA ALTERNATIVA PARA LA DIVULGACIÓN DEL CONCEPTO DE NANOMATERIALES EN LA EDUCACIÓN MEDIA

La enseñanza de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología en la educación secundaria aún es muy incipiente en Colombia, ya que los estándares de competencias curriculares del Ministerio de educación Nacional MEN aún no contemplan el llevar estas temáticas a las aulas en estos niveles educativos.“Docente-Nano” es una propuesta educativa dirigida a docentes de Ciencias Naturales de Educación Media (Ciclo V) para la divulgación y enseñanza del concepto de Nanomateriales, a partir de las dimensiones de la Alfabetización Científica y Tecnológica.La investigación es de tipo cualitativo y la metodología comprende cinco etapas. La selección de conceptos, la definición de elementos y estructura, la elaboración, la implementación y evaluación. Los resultados y análisis se realizan en términos de tres etapas importantes tales como la convocatoria, la selección y la ejecución. En la convocatoria se contó con la inscripción de 72 personas, luego se realizó el proceso de selección y finalmente en la implementación se llevaron a cabo trece sesiones de trabajo de dos horas cada una en las cuales se abordaron temáticas como: introducción a la nanociencia y nanotecnología, nanoescala, nanomateriales, métodos de observación, nanomateriales de Carbono, nanotoxicologia, entre otros. Los resultados fueron favorables, ya que ratifican que sí es posible e importante abordar temáticas de Nanotecnología desde la educación secundaria y que los docentes son conscientes de la necesidad de formarse en estos contenidos que abren un mar de posibilidades para lograr generar impacto, curiosidad, motivación y así despertar el interés de los estudiantes por el aprendizaje de las ciencias.La enseñanza de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología en la educación secundaria aún es muy incipiente en Colombia, ya que los estándares de competencias curriculares del Ministerio de educación Nacional (MEN) aún no contemplan el llevar estas temáticas a las aulas en estos niveles educativos.“Docente-Nano” es una propuesta educativa dirigida a docentes de Ciencias Naturales de Educación Media (Ciclo V) para la divulgación y enseñanza del concepto de Nanomateriales, a partir de las dimensiones de la Alfabetización Científica y Tecnológica.La investigación es de tipo cualitativo y la metodología comprende cinco etapas. : La selección de conceptos, la definición de elementos y estructura, la elaboración, la implementación y evaluación. Los resultados y análisis se realizan en términos de tres etapas importantes tales como: la convocatoria, la selección y la ejecución. En la convocatoria se contó con la inscripción de 72 personas, luego se realizó el proceso de selección y finalmente en la implementación se llevaron a cabo trece sesiones de trabajo de dos horas cada una. en En las estas cuales se abordaron temáticas como: introducción a la nanociencia y nanotecnología, nanoescala, nanomateriales, métodos de observación, nanomateriales de Carbono, nanotoxicologiananotoxicología, entre otros. Los resultados fueron favorables, ya que ratifican que sí es posible e importante abordar temáticas de Nanotecnología desde la educación secundaria y que los docentes son conscientes de la necesidad de formarse en estos contenidos que abren un mar de posibilidades para lograr generar impacto, curiosidad, motivación y así despertar el interés de los estudiantes por el aprendizaje de las ciencias.The teaching of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in secondary education is still in its formative stages in Colombia, since the standards of curricular competences for the Ministry of National Education do not contemplate the introduction of these subjects into the classroom at these educational levels.“Nano- Teacher" is an educational proposal addressed to teachers of Natural Sciences of Middle Education (Cycle V) for the divulgation of knowledge regarding the teaching of the concepts of Nanomaterials, based on the dimensions of Scientific and Technological Literacy.The research is qualitative and the methodology comprises of five stages: The selection of concepts, the definition of elements and structure, elaboration, implementation and evaluation. The results and analysis are performed in terms of three important stages such: As the call, selection and execution. In the call, 72 people were registered, then the selection process, finally in the implementation thirteen work sessions in which topics such as: Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Nanoscale, Nanomaterials, methods of observation, Carbon Nanomaterials, Nanotoxicology, among others, were covered. The results were favorable since they confirmed that if it is possible and important to approach nanotechnology topics throughout secondary education and that teachers are aware of the need to be informed of these contents that will open a sea of possibilities to achieve an impact, inspiring motivation and curiosity towards nanomaterials, further arousing the students' interest in learning science

Síntesis de un compuesto de polimetacrilato de metilo con nanotubos de carbono de pared múltiple a escala de laboratorio

El objetivo del presente trabajo es la síntesis y caracterización térmica de un compuesto de polimetacrilato de metilo (PMMA) con nanotubos de carbono de pared múltiple (MWNTs) a escala de laboratorio. El compuesto de PMMA con MWNTs fue producido por polimerización in-situ en masa, usando como iniciador Peróxido de Benzoilo (BPO). Previamente a la polimerización, se realizó una reacción entre los MWNT y el BPO para propiciar la formación de radicales libres en la superficie de los MWNT. La concentración de MWNTs fue variada para producir muestras con 0%, 0,1% y 0,5% en peso de MWNT.  El compuesto obtenido presenta una adecuada  dispersión en la matríz polimérica y propiedades térmicas diferentes a la del PMMA blanco, lo que evidencia la transferencia de propiedades por parte de los MWNTs. El método propuesto es sencillo y de bajo costo, y puede ser usado en una gran variedad de aplicaciones industriales

Sex Differences and Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality among Patients with COVID-19: Results from the ANCOHVID Multicentre Study

Spain is one of the countries most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although risk factors for severe disease are published, sex differences have been widely neglected. In this multicentre study, we aimed to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality in men and women hospitalised with COVID-19. An observational longitudinal study was conducted in the cohort of patients admitted to four hospitals in Andalusia, Spain, from 1 March 2020 to 15 April 2020. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from hospital records. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate 30-day survival and multiple Cox regression models were applied. All analyses were stratified by sex. A total of 968 patients were included (54.8% men, median age 67.0 years). In-hospital mortality reached 19.1% in men and 16.0% in women. Factors independently associated with an increased hazard of death were advanced age, higher CURB-65 score and not receiving azithromycin treatment, in both sexes; active cancer and autoimmune disease, in men; cardiovascular disease and chronic lung disease, in women. Disease outcomes and predictors of death differed between sexes. In-hospital mortality was higher in men, but the long-term effects of COVID-19 merit further research. The sex-differential impact of the pandemic should be addressed in public health policies

Plastic debris in the open ocean

There is a rising concern regarding the accumulation of floating plastic debris in the open ocean. However, the magnitude and the fate of this pollution are still open questions. Using data from the Malaspina 2010 circumnavigation, regional surveys, and previously published reports, we show a worldwide distribution of plastic on the surface of the open ocean, mostly accumulating in the convergence zones of each of the five subtropical gyres with comparable density. However, the global load of plastic on the open ocean surface was estimated to be on the order of tens of thousands of tons, far less than expected. Our observations of the size distribution of floating plastic debris point at important size-selective sinks removing millimeter-sized fragments of floating plastic on a large scale. This sink may involve a combination of fast nano-fragmentation of the microplastic into particles of microns or smaller, their transference to the ocean interior by food webs and ballasting processes, and processes yet to be discovered. Resolving the fate of the missing plastic debris is of fundamental importance to determine the nature and significance of the impacts of plastic pollution in the ocean

REMAS: Greenhouse gas emissions risk management in forest fires

Trabajo presentado en World Forestry Congress, celebrado en Seúl (Corea del Sur) del 02 al 06 de mayo de 2022.REMAS is an Interreg SUDOE project, an innovative project, both in terms of subject matter and territorial approach. Through transnational cooperation, REMAS addresses the risk management of emitting carbon contained in forest ecosystems into the atmosphere due to forest fires, with a multidisciplinary and integrative character. REMAS proposes prevention and post-fire measures to minimise damage and accelerate the recovery of carbon stocks. The project also works to ensure that this emission risk is included in the design of prevention plans and in taking measures to restore sinks in soil and vegetation at a transnational level. Therefore, through transnational cooperation, REMAS is fostering strong partnerships in which regional and local authorities, academia, NGOs and forest sector companies work together to address the transboundary risk of greenhouse gas emissions from forest fires in the SUDOE territory, whose forest ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts. REMAS is a project co-financed by the Interreg Sudoe Program through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) which involves 8 partners and 9 associated partners

Influenza Vaccination for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in the Americas: Consensus document of the Inter-American Society of Cardiology and the Word Heart Federation

Background Cardiovascular mortality is decreasing but remains the leading cause of death world-wide. Respiratory infections such as influenza significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease. Despite of proven benefits, influenza vaccination is not fully implemented, especially in Latin America. Objective The aim was to develop a regional consensus with recommendations regarding influenza vaccination and cardiovascular disease. Methods A multidisciplinary team composed by experts in the management and prevention of cardiovascular disease from the Americas, convened by the Inter-American Society of Cardiology (IASC) and the World Heart Federation (WHF), participated in the process and the formulation of statements. The modified RAND/UCLA methodology was used. This document was supported by a grant from the WHF. Results An extensive literature search was divided into seven questions, and a total of 23 conclusions and 29 recommendations were achieved. There was no disagreement among experts in the conclusions or recommendations. Conclusions There is a strong correlation between influenza and cardiovascular events. Influenza vaccination is not only safe and a proven strategy to reduce cardiovascular events, but it is also cost saving. We found several barriers for its global implementation and potential strategies to overcome them

Charming and bewitching : considering the Harry Potter series

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Guía de práctica clínica para la prevención, detección temprana, diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de las dislipidemias en la población mayor de 18 años

La Guía de práctica clínica para la prevención, detección temprana, diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de las dislipidemias en la población mayor de 18 años está dirigida a los adultos en riesgo para el desarrollo de dislipidemia o con diagnóstico establecido de dislipidemia, como también, para todo el personal de salud encargado de su atención en los diferentes niveles de complejidad del sistema de salud colombiano. Permitirá brindar parámetros de práctica clínica, basados en la mejor evidencia disponible para la atención en salud y el uso racional de recursos en esta patología. Se introducen cambios en el proceso de atención, que buscan disminuir la variabilidad injustificada en el abordaje de este grupo de pacientes generando procesos eficientes, sencillos y ajustados a la población colombiana; la guía es el resultado de un arduo proceso en el que se contó con la participación de expertos temáticos y expertos metodológicos, así como representantes de los pacientes y de las sociedades científicas y las universidades involucradas, y del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. En la siguiente sección se presentarán de forma resumida las recomendaciones y los puntos de buena práctica clínica para cada una de las preguntas formuladas, información que se amplía posteriormente en el capítulo respectivo.Guía de práctica clínica1-6

Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism combination pattern of the Klotho gene with non-cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an elevated risk of all-cause mortality, with cardiovascular death being extensively investigated. However, non-cardiovascular mortality represents the biggest percentage, showing an evident increase in recent years. Klotho is a gene highly expressed in the kidney, with a clear influence on lifespan. Low levels of Klotho have been linked to CKD progression and adverse outcomes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Klotho gene have been associated with several diseases, but studies investigating the association of Klotho SNPs with noncardiovascular death in CKD populations are lacking. The main aim of this study was to assess whether 11 Klotho SNPs were associated with non-cardiovascular death in a subpopulation of the National Observatory of Atherosclerosis in Nephrology (NEFRONA) study (n ¼ 2185 CKD patients). After 48 months of follow-up, 62 cardiovascular deaths and 108 non-cardiovascular deaths were recorded. We identified a high non-cardiovascular death risk combination of SNPs corresponding to individuals carrying the most frequent allele (G) at rs562020, the rare allele (C) at rs2283368 and homozygotes for the rare allele (G) at rs2320762 (rs562020 GG/AG þ rs2283368 CC/CT þ rs2320762 GG). Among the patients with the three SNPs genotyped (n ¼ 1016), 75 (7.4%) showed this combination. Furthermore, 95 (9.3%) patients showed a low-risk combination carrying all the opposite genotypes (rs562020 AA þ rs2283368 TT þ rs2320762 GT/TT). All the other combinations [n ¼ 846 (83.3%)] were considered as normal risk. Using competing risk regression analysis, we confirmed that the proposed combinations are independently associated with a higher fhazard ratio [HR] 3.28 [confidence interval (CI) 1.51-7.12]g and lower [HR 6 × 10- (95% CI 3.3 × 10--1.1 × 10-)] risk of suffering a non-cardiovascular death in the CKD population of the NEFRONA cohort compared with patients with the normal-risk combination. Determination of three SNPs of the Klotho gene could help in the prediction of non-cardiovascular death in CKD

Association of candidate gene polymorphisms with chronic kidney disease : Results of a case-control analysis in the NEFRONA cohort

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major risk factor for end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular disease and premature death. Despite classical clinical risk factors for CKD and some genetic risk factors have been identified, the residual risk observed in prediction models is still high. Therefore, new risk factors need to be identified in order to better predict the risk of CKD in the population. Here, we analyzed the genetic association of 79 SNPs of proteins associated with mineral metabolism disturbances with CKD in a cohort that includes 2,445 CKD cases and 559 controls. Genotyping was performed with matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. We used logistic regression models considering different genetic inheritance models to assess the association of the SNPs with the prevalence of CKD, adjusting for known risk factors. Eight SNPs (rs1126616, rs35068180, rs2238135, rs1800247, rs385564, rs4236, rs2248359, and rs1564858) were associated with CKD even after adjusting by sex, age and race. A model containing five of these SNPs (rs1126616, rs35068180, rs1800247, rs4236, and rs2248359), diabetes and hypertension showed better performance than models considering only clinical risk factors, significantly increasing the area under the curve of the model without polymorphisms. Furthermore, one of the SNPs (the rs2248359) showed an interaction with hypertension, being the risk genotype affecting only hypertensive patients. We conclude that 5 SNPs related to proteins implicated in mineral metabolism disturbances (Osteopontin, osteocalcin, matrix gla protein, matrix metalloprotease 3 and 24 hydroxylase) are associated to an increased risk of suffering CKD