A P2P based self-healing service for coputer networks maintenance

Observou-se nos últimos anos um grande aumetno na complexidade das redes. Surgiram também novos desa os para gerenciamento dessas redes. A dimensão atual e as tendências de crescimento das infraestruturas tem inviabilizado as técnicas de gerencimento de redes atuais, baseadas na intervenção humana. Por exemplo, a heterogeneidade dos elementos gerenciados obrigam que administradores e gerentes lidem com especi cidades de implanta ção que vão além dos objetivos gerenciais. Considerando as áreas funcionais da gerência de redes, a gerência de falhas apresenta impactos operacionais interessantes. Estima-se que 33% dos custos operacionais estão relacionados com a prevenção e recuperação de falhas e que aproximadamente 44% desse custo visa à resolução de problemas causados por erros humanos. Dentre as abordagens de gerência de falhas, o Self-Healing objetiva minimizar as interações humanas nas rotinas de gerenciamento de falhas, diminuindo dessa forma erros e demandas operacionais. Algumas propostas sugerem que o Self-Healing seja planejado no momento do projeto das aplicações. Tais propostas são inviáveis de aplicação em sistemas legados. Otras pesquisas sugerem à análise e instrumentação das aplicações em tempo de execução. Embora aplicáveis a sistemas legados, análise e instrumentação em tempo de execução estão fortemente acopladas as tecnologias e detalhes de implementação das aplicações. Por esse motivo, é difícil aplicar tais propostas, por exemplo, em um ambiente de rede que abrange muitas entidades gerenciadas implantadas através de diferentes tecnologias. Porém, parece plausível oferecer aos adminitradores e gerentes facilidades através das quais eles possam expressar seus conhecimentos sobre anoamlias e falhas de aplicações, bem como mecanismos através dos quais esses conhecimentos possam ser utilizado no gerenciamento de sistemas. Essa dissertação de mestrado tem como objetivo apresentar e avaliar uma solução comum que introduza nas redes capacidades de self-healing. A solu- ção apresentada utiliza-se de workplans para capturar o conhecimento dos administradores em como diagnosticar e recuperar anomalias e falhas em redes. Além disso, o projeto e implementação de um framework padrão para detecção e noti cação de falhas é discutido no âmbito de um sistema de gerenciamento baseado em P2P. Por último, uma avaliação experimental clari ca a viabilidade do ponto de vista operacional.In recent years, a huge raise in networks' complexity was witnessed. Along the raise in complexity, many management challenges also arose. For instance, managed entities' heterogeneity demands administrators and managers to deal with cumbersome implementation and deployment speci cities. Moreover, infrastructures' current size and growth-trends show that it is becoming infeasible to rely on human-in-the-loop management techniques. Inside the problem domain of network management, Fault Management is appealing because of its impact in operational costs. Researches estimate that more than 33% of operational costs are related to preventing and recovering faults, where about 40% of this investment is directed to solve human-caused operational errors. Hence, addressing human interaction is mostly unarguably a need. Among di erent approaches, Self-Healing, a property of Autonomic Network Management's proposal, targets to avoid humans' interactions and decisions on Fault Management loops, thereupon unburden administrators and managers from performing Fault Management-related tasks. Some researches on Self-Healing enabling approaches suppose that Fault Management capabilities should be planned in design-time. These approaches are impossible to apply on legacy systems. Other researches suggest runtime analysis and instrumentation of applications' bytecode. Albeit applicable to some legacy systems, these last proposals are tightly-coupled to implementation's issues of underlaying technologies. For this reason, it is hard to apply such proposals end-toend, for example, in a scenario encompassing many managed entities implemented through di erent technologies. However, it is possible to o er to administrators and managers facilities to express they knowledge about networks' anomalies and faults, and facilities to leverage this knowledge. This master dissertation has as objective to present and evaluate a solution to imbue network management systems with self-healing capabilities. The solution relies on workplans as a mean to gather administrators and managers' knowledge on how to diagnose and heal networks' anomalies and faults. Besides that, the design and implementation of a standard framework for fault detection and noti cation customization is discussed while considering a P2P-Based Network Management System as its foundations. At last, an experimental evaluation renders clear the proposal's feasibility from the operational point of view

A P2P based self-healing service for coputer networks maintenance

Observou-se nos últimos anos um grande aumetno na complexidade das redes. Surgiram também novos desa os para gerenciamento dessas redes. A dimensão atual e as tendências de crescimento das infraestruturas tem inviabilizado as técnicas de gerencimento de redes atuais, baseadas na intervenção humana. Por exemplo, a heterogeneidade dos elementos gerenciados obrigam que administradores e gerentes lidem com especi cidades de implanta ção que vão além dos objetivos gerenciais. Considerando as áreas funcionais da gerência de redes, a gerência de falhas apresenta impactos operacionais interessantes. Estima-se que 33% dos custos operacionais estão relacionados com a prevenção e recuperação de falhas e que aproximadamente 44% desse custo visa à resolução de problemas causados por erros humanos. Dentre as abordagens de gerência de falhas, o Self-Healing objetiva minimizar as interações humanas nas rotinas de gerenciamento de falhas, diminuindo dessa forma erros e demandas operacionais. Algumas propostas sugerem que o Self-Healing seja planejado no momento do projeto das aplicações. Tais propostas são inviáveis de aplicação em sistemas legados. Otras pesquisas sugerem à análise e instrumentação das aplicações em tempo de execução. Embora aplicáveis a sistemas legados, análise e instrumentação em tempo de execução estão fortemente acopladas as tecnologias e detalhes de implementação das aplicações. Por esse motivo, é difícil aplicar tais propostas, por exemplo, em um ambiente de rede que abrange muitas entidades gerenciadas implantadas através de diferentes tecnologias. Porém, parece plausível oferecer aos adminitradores e gerentes facilidades através das quais eles possam expressar seus conhecimentos sobre anoamlias e falhas de aplicações, bem como mecanismos através dos quais esses conhecimentos possam ser utilizado no gerenciamento de sistemas. Essa dissertação de mestrado tem como objetivo apresentar e avaliar uma solução comum que introduza nas redes capacidades de self-healing. A solu- ção apresentada utiliza-se de workplans para capturar o conhecimento dos administradores em como diagnosticar e recuperar anomalias e falhas em redes. Além disso, o projeto e implementação de um framework padrão para detecção e noti cação de falhas é discutido no âmbito de um sistema de gerenciamento baseado em P2P. Por último, uma avaliação experimental clari ca a viabilidade do ponto de vista operacional.In recent years, a huge raise in networks' complexity was witnessed. Along the raise in complexity, many management challenges also arose. For instance, managed entities' heterogeneity demands administrators and managers to deal with cumbersome implementation and deployment speci cities. Moreover, infrastructures' current size and growth-trends show that it is becoming infeasible to rely on human-in-the-loop management techniques. Inside the problem domain of network management, Fault Management is appealing because of its impact in operational costs. Researches estimate that more than 33% of operational costs are related to preventing and recovering faults, where about 40% of this investment is directed to solve human-caused operational errors. Hence, addressing human interaction is mostly unarguably a need. Among di erent approaches, Self-Healing, a property of Autonomic Network Management's proposal, targets to avoid humans' interactions and decisions on Fault Management loops, thereupon unburden administrators and managers from performing Fault Management-related tasks. Some researches on Self-Healing enabling approaches suppose that Fault Management capabilities should be planned in design-time. These approaches are impossible to apply on legacy systems. Other researches suggest runtime analysis and instrumentation of applications' bytecode. Albeit applicable to some legacy systems, these last proposals are tightly-coupled to implementation's issues of underlaying technologies. For this reason, it is hard to apply such proposals end-toend, for example, in a scenario encompassing many managed entities implemented through di erent technologies. However, it is possible to o er to administrators and managers facilities to express they knowledge about networks' anomalies and faults, and facilities to leverage this knowledge. This master dissertation has as objective to present and evaluate a solution to imbue network management systems with self-healing capabilities. The solution relies on workplans as a mean to gather administrators and managers' knowledge on how to diagnose and heal networks' anomalies and faults. Besides that, the design and implementation of a standard framework for fault detection and noti cation customization is discussed while considering a P2P-Based Network Management System as its foundations. At last, an experimental evaluation renders clear the proposal's feasibility from the operational point of view

Seminário de Dissertação (2024)

Página da disciplina de Seminário de Dissertação (MPPP, UFPE, 2022) Lista de participantes == https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1mrULe1y04yPxHUBaF50jhaM1OY8QYJ3zva4N4yvm198/edit#gid=

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

Health-status outcomes with invasive or conservative care in coronary disease

BACKGROUND In the ISCHEMIA trial, an invasive strategy with angiographic assessment and revascularization did not reduce clinical events among patients with stable ischemic heart disease and moderate or severe ischemia. A secondary objective of the trial was to assess angina-related health status among these patients. METHODS We assessed angina-related symptoms, function, and quality of life with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) at randomization, at months 1.5, 3, and 6, and every 6 months thereafter in participants who had been randomly assigned to an invasive treatment strategy (2295 participants) or a conservative strategy (2322). Mixed-effects cumulative probability models within a Bayesian framework were used to estimate differences between the treatment groups. The primary outcome of this health-status analysis was the SAQ summary score (scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health status). All analyses were performed in the overall population and according to baseline angina frequency. RESULTS At baseline, 35% of patients reported having no angina in the previous month. SAQ summary scores increased in both treatment groups, with increases at 3, 12, and 36 months that were 4.1 points (95% credible interval, 3.2 to 5.0), 4.2 points (95% credible interval, 3.3 to 5.1), and 2.9 points (95% credible interval, 2.2 to 3.7) higher with the invasive strategy than with the conservative strategy. Differences were larger among participants who had more frequent angina at baseline (8.5 vs. 0.1 points at 3 months and 5.3 vs. 1.2 points at 36 months among participants with daily or weekly angina as compared with no angina). CONCLUSIONS In the overall trial population with moderate or severe ischemia, which included 35% of participants without angina at baseline, patients randomly assigned to the invasive strategy had greater improvement in angina-related health status than those assigned to the conservative strategy. The modest mean differences favoring the invasive strategy in the overall group reflected minimal differences among asymptomatic patients and larger differences among patients who had had angina at baseline

Initial invasive or conservative strategy for stable coronary disease

BACKGROUND Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, whether clinical outcomes are better in those who receive an invasive intervention plus medical therapy than in those who receive medical therapy alone is uncertain. METHODS We randomly assigned 5179 patients with moderate or severe ischemia to an initial invasive strategy (angiography and revascularization when feasible) and medical therapy or to an initial conservative strategy of medical therapy alone and angiography if medical therapy failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. A key secondary outcome was death from cardiovascular causes or myocardial infarction. RESULTS Over a median of 3.2 years, 318 primary outcome events occurred in the invasive-strategy group and 352 occurred in the conservative-strategy group. At 6 months, the cumulative event rate was 5.3% in the invasive-strategy group and 3.4% in the conservative-strategy group (difference, 1.9 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8 to 3.0); at 5 years, the cumulative event rate was 16.4% and 18.2%, respectively (difference, 121.8 percentage points; 95% CI, 124.7 to 1.0). Results were similar with respect to the key secondary outcome. The incidence of the primary outcome was sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction; a secondary analysis yielded more procedural myocardial infarctions of uncertain clinical importance. There were 145 deaths in the invasive-strategy group and 144 deaths in the conservative-strategy group (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.32). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of ischemic cardiovascular events or death from any cause over a median of 3.2 years. The trial findings were sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction that was used