Angiogênese, homeostasia e câncer: novos paradigmas e velhos problemas

Neovascularization is a crucial phenomenon for the continuous growing of neoplastic cells and cancer progression. The growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels (angiogenesis) occurs in several physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer, where it is critical for tumor-cells nutrition. Recently, new remarkable insights regarding angiogenesis and blood coagulation (key events in vascular biology) have been described. The serine protease thrombin, which plays a central role in blood coagulation cascade through its ability to cleave fibrinogen conducting to fibrin clot formation, is also known to be involved in embryogenesis, inflammation, wound healing, through its active role on vascular remodeling. Although the increased knowledge of factors regulating angiogenesis and coagulation led to the understanding that angiogenesis, homeostasis and carcinogenesis are three close team players, little is still known about how these pathways support each other in the process of angiogenesis in vivo. This review summarizes current understanding of blood coagulation cascade role in conducting angiogenesis and tumor progression, as well as provides an overview of the emerging anti-angiogenic and anti-coagulation therapies inducing tumor regression.A neovascularização é um processo fundamental para a sobrevivência e a progressão das células neoplásicas malignas. O crescimento de novos vasos sanguíneos a partir de vasos já existentes, fenômeno designado como angiogênese, está envolvido em vários processos fisiológicos e patológicos, incluindo o crescimento tumoral, onde a angiogênese desempenha papel crítico na nutrição das células tumorais. Tal como a angiogênese, o sistema de coagulação sanguínea exerce importante função na biologia vascular. A trombina, uma serina protease, tem papel fundamental na cascata de coagulação, pela quebra enzimática do fibrinogênio e pela conseqüente produção de fibrina. Essa protease encontra-se também implicada em desenvolvimento embrionário, inflamação e cicatrização, processos nos quais a remodelação vascular está altamente ativa. Apesar de o crescente conhecimento de fatores reguladores da angiogênese e da coagulação demonstrar que a carcinogênese, a coagulação e a angiogênese são três close team players, ainda muito pouco se sabe sobre o modo como esses players comunicam-se e interagem no processo de angiogênese in vivo. Esta revisão sumariza os conhecimentos atuais quanto ao papel da cascata de coagulação na condução do processo angiogênico e do crescimento tumoral, bem como oferece uma visão geral sobre recentes terapias antiangiogênicas e anticoagulantes envolvidas na regressão tumoral.(undefined

Lymphangiogenesis: from the pig embryos to cancer

The discovery and the comprehension of lymphatic vessels suffered several historical delays and setbacks. The inherent anatomical problems slowed down the precise identification of the lymphatic system during the development of medical science. Gasparo Aselli, an Italian surgeon and anatomist, was the first to describe the lymphatic vessels in 1627 (De Lacteibus sive Lacteis Venis). However, most original descriptions that report the morphology of the lymphatic system in different organisms were done during the 19th and the 20th centuries. The recent identification of specific lymphatic vasculature molecular markers allows a more accurate identification and characterization of the lymphatic system evolution in different organs, as well as its role in different pathological conditions, including cancer. This study summarizes the current understanding of lymphangiogenesis in tumour progression, as well as it presents a review of the promising data regarding the prognostic value of lymphatic density and the use of therapeutic lymphangiogenic molecules.A descoberta dos vasos linfáticos e sua compreensão enfrentaram uma série de atrasos e dificuldades históricos. As inerentes dificuldades anatômicas retardaram a identificação precisa da rede vascular linfática durante o desenvolvimento da ciência médica. Gasparo Aselli, um anatomista e cirurgião italiano, foi o primeiro a descrever os vasos linfáticos, em 1627 (De Lacteibus sive Lacteis Venis). Entretanto, a maioria das descrições originais que relatam a morfologia do sistema linfático nos diferentes organismos foi realizada depois, entre os séculos XIX e XX. A recente identificação de marcadores moleculares específicos à vasculatura linfática permite agora identificação e caracterização mais acuradas da evolução da rede linfática nos vários órgãos e em diferentes situações, inclusive no câncer. Esta revisão resume o conhecimento sobre a linfangiogênese na progressão tumoral, bem como apresenta uma síntese dos dados mais promissores em relação ao valor prognóstico da densidade linfática e da utilização das moléculas linfangiogênicas como alvo terapêutico.(undefined

Kinetics and crystallization path of a Fe-based metallic glass alloy

The thermal stability and the quantification of the different transformation processes involved in the overall crystallization of the Fe50Cr15Mo14C15B6 amorphous alloy were investigated by several characterization techniques. Formation of various metastable and stable phases during the devitrification process in the sequence a-Fe, ¿-Cr6Fe18Mo5, M23(C,B)6, M7C3, ¿-Fe3Mo3C and FeMo2B2 (with M = Fe, Cr, Mo), was observed by in-situ synchrotron high energy X-ray diffraction and in-situ transmission electron microscopy. By combining these techniques with differential scanning calorimetry data, the crystallization states and their temperature range of stability under continuous heating were related with the evolution of the crystallized fraction and the phase sequence as a function of temperature, revealing structural and chemical details of the different transformation mechanisms.Postprint (published version

Comparing the in-store use of smartphones between shoppers of generations X-Y-Z

This research aims to contribute to digital shopper marketing and omnichannel themes, by analyzing if the generations X (also called “13th generation”), Generation Y (also called “Millennials”) and Generation Z (also called “Centennials”) have different behaviors on the use of smartphones during their shopping journeys in bricks-and-mortar retail stores. For that purpose, an empirical quantitative study was conducted, via an online questionnaire. The questionnaire was applied to a sample of 913 individuals, corresponding to 27% of generation X, 44% from generation Y, and 29% from generation Z. There were found some differences between those generations regarding the actions made with the help of smartphones during the visit to the physical store. The main differences were found on the actions: checking for prices online on competitor websites; checking for prices online on the physical store own website; asking for advice with the help of the smartphone, showing pictures of products to store employees and on the use of smartphones to search online for coupons or discounts.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Prevalence of Mental Illness Among Latino Youth

Mental illness a marginalized area of public health, particularly for Latino youth ages 10-18. A unique combination of socioeconomic and cultural factors contribute to why Latino youth experience a higher prevalence of mental illness such as depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder when compared to other ethnicities of the same age group. These factors include but are not limited to access to health care, religion, and family dynamics. An abundance of peer-reviewed articles report that minorities (such as African-Americans and Latinos) experience higher levels of mental illness and mental health related stigma that other ethnic groups. A survey regarding mental health prevalence and stigma was distributed among various ethnic groups in Reno, NV. Out of 100 responses, data indicates that Latino youth ages 10-18 report a higher level of mental illness and a lower level of treatment seeking behavior when compared to other minority groups such as cauasians, Asian-Americans, and African-Americans

Advances in the development and application of deep eutectic solvents

Funding Information: As Guest Editors, we would like to appreciate all the authors for their valuable contributions and the referees for their excellent work in reviewing the submitted manuscripts.publishersversionpublishe

Production of bioethanol from sweet potato, agro industrial wastes

One fraction of the existent petroleum is not extractable or the difficulties associated to extraction are very expensive making them unviable. This situation leads to a decrease in petroleum stocks all over the world and a resulting increment on its price, affecting in particular the transportation sector, since there is no relevant alternative to fossil petroleum

Mechanochemistry in Portugal—A Step towards Sustainable Chemical Synthesis

LA/P/0140/2020 DL 57/2016 Norma transitória.In Portugal, publications with mechanochemical methods date back to 2009, with the report on mechanochemical strategies for the synthesis of metallopharmaceuticals. Since then, mechanochemical applications have grown in Portugal, spanning several fields, mainly crystal engineering and supramolecular chemistry, catalysis, and organic and inorganic chemistry. The area with the most increased development is the synthesis of multicomponent crystal forms, with several groups synthesizing solvates, salts, and cocrystals in which the main objective was to improve physical properties of the active pharmaceutical ingredients. Recently, non-crystalline materials, such as ionic liquids and amorphous solid dispersions, have also been studied using mechanochemical methods. An area that is in expansion is the use of mechanochemical synthesis of bioinspired metal-organic frameworks with an emphasis in antibiotic coordination frameworks. The use of mechanochemistry for catalysis and organic and inorganic synthesis has also grown due to the synthetic advantages, ease of synthesis, scalability, sustainability, and, in the majority of cases, the superior properties of the synthesized materials. It can be easily concluded that mechanochemistry is expanding in Portugal in diverse research areas.publishersversionpublishe